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PubMed1996

Word-association emotional indicators: associations with anxiety, psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and creativity.

Word-association emotional indicators (e.g., long reaction time, response repetition) were studied in relation to anxiety, psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and creativity. Two hundred fifty male university students in India completed 5 measures. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated that (a) rare but not bizarre and atypical word associations were related to creativity; (b) rare word associations that were bizarre, isolated, and atypical were positively related to psychoticism and to psychopathic deviation; (c) long reaction time and repetition of the stimulus word before responding were related to suspiciousness, and (d) the P scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) tapped some features of social anhedonia, social deviance, and mild antisocial behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Tales from the front lines: the creative essay as a tool for teaching genetics.

In contrast to the more typical mock grant proposals or literature reviews, we describe the use of the creative essay as a novel tool for teaching human genetics at the college level. This method has worked well for both nonmajor and advanced courses for biology majors. The 10- to 15-page essay is written in storylike form and represents a student's response to the choice of 6-8 scenarios describing human beings coping with various genetic dilemmas. We have found this tool to be invaluable both in developing students' ability to express genetic concepts in lay terms and in promoting student awareness of genetic issues outside of the classroom. Examples from student essays are presented to illustrate these points, and guidelines are suggested regarding instructor expectations of student creativity and scientific accuracy. Methods of grading this assignment are also discussed.

Genetics↗
PubMed2006

Creative professional activity: an additional platform for promotion of faculty.

Academic promotion has traditionally been based on research and teaching, but faculty members' contributions to the profession may not be fully captured in those dimensions. Faculty members may influence the practice of medicine and improve the care of patients yet not obtain traditional measures of achievement through publications, grants, or teaching awards. With this problem in mind, at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, the promotions committee developed and implemented a promotions criterion called Creative Professional Activity (CPA) to recognize and reward a variety of types of academic endeavors that have a demonstrable impact on medical practice and care. CPA comprises three activities: professional innovation, exemplary practice, and contributions to the development of the discipline. In this article, the authors define CPA, provide illustrative case examples, describe how faculty members document CPA, and report the use of this promotions criterion in the Department of Medicine over the last decade. The challenges of implementing CPA as a promotion criterion are described. CPA is consistent with the Department of Medicine's goal of achieving excellence through original research, education, or creative work that advances the care of patients.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of a classroom program of creative expression workshops for refugee and immigrant children.

OBJECTIVE: This evaluative study assessed the effect of a creative expression program designed to prevent emotional and behavioral problems and to enhance self-esteem in immigrant and refugee children attending multiethnic schools. METHOD: The 12-week program involved 138 children, aged 7 to 13, registered in both integration classes designed for immigrant children and regular classes at two elementary schools. Pretest and posttest data were collected from the children themselves and from their teacher. Teachers used Achenbach's Teacher's Report Form to assess the emotional and behavioral symptoms of their pupils whereas children self-reported their symptoms with the Dominic, a computerized questionnaire. Self-esteem was measured with the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale administered by interviewers to the children. RESULTS: At the end of the program, the children in the experimental groups reported lower mean levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and higher mean levels of feelings of popularity and satisfaction than the children in the control groups, when controlling for baseline data. In integration classes, the effect on self-esteem was especially notable in boys. The intervention's effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms was not modified by gender, age or fluency in the mainstream language. CONCLUSION: The study provides some evidence that creative workshops in the classroom can have a beneficial effect on the self-esteem and symptomatology of immigrant and refugee children from various cultures and backgrounds. These quantitative results support previous qualitative analysis showing that the workshops participate in the reconstruction of a meaningful personal world while simultaneously strengthening the link of the child to the group. They also transform the teachers' perceptions of newcomers by placing an emphasis on their strength and their resilience, while not negating their vulnerabilities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Moving into Parenthood: a program for new adolescent mothers combining parent education with creative physical activity.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: To describe a school-based program combining traditional parent education with creative physical activity classes to assist newly delivered adolescent mothers to develop positive parenting behaviors while remaining in school. CONCLUSIONS: The program contains sessions on parenting information, creative coping strategies, fitness, and role modeling of positive parenting behaviors to help young mothers learn healthy parenting skills as they continue in their own adolescent development. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The content and teaching strategies can be adapted for individual or group clinical work with teen mothers and their infants in a variety of community settings as well as in school-based healthcare programs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

"Creative Solutions": selling cigarettes in a smoke-free world.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the development and execution of the "Creative Solutions" Benson & Hedges advertising campaign to understand its social, political, and commercial implications. METHODS: Searches of the Philip Morris documents and Legacy Tobacco Documents websites for relevant materials; Lexis/Nexis searches of major news and business publications; and denotative and connotative analyses of the advertising imagery. RESULTS: Philip Morris developed the Creative Solutions campaign in an effort to directly confront the successes of the tobacco control movement in establishing new laws and norms that promoted clean indoor air. The campaign's imagery attempted to help smokers and potential smokers overcome the physical and social downsides of smoking cigarettes by managing risk and resolving internal conflict. The slogans suggested a variety of ways for smokers to respond to restrictions on their habit. The campaign also featured information about the Accommodation Program, Philip Morris's attempt to organise opposition to clean indoor air laws. CONCLUSION: The campaign was a commercial failure, with little impact on sales of the brand. Philip Morris got some exposure for the Accommodation Program and its anti-regulatory position. The lack of commercial response to the ads suggests that they were unable to successfully resolve the contradictions that smokers were increasingly experiencing and confirms the power of changing social norms to counter tobacco industry tactics.

Advertising↗
PubMed1984

Creativity profile of university and conservatory dance students.

What are dance students' creative potential, Special personality characteristics and preferences for high energy activities? Using standardized and original paper and pencil instruments, comparisons were made among dance students in university and conservatory settings, college students and art students. The results demonstrated that dance students are creative, show strong preference for dynamic figures, and have distinct personality characteristics. The university dance students differed from the conservatory students in several important ways.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Creative mechanism design for a prosthetic hand.

In this paper, an auxiliary methodology called the creative mechanism design is introduced into the innovation of gripping devices for prosthetic hands. This methodology is a systematic approach based on modification of existing devices for the generation of all possible topological structures of mechanisms and mechanical devices. An existing gripping device (Teh Lin ATG-5F prosthetic hand) constructed by a planar six-bar linkage with one degree of freedom is dealt with by using this methodology. Through the processes of generalization, number synthesis, specialization and particularization for the existing design, five new mechanisms are created in this study to apply to anthropomorphic prosthetic hands. The results show that the methodology for creative mechanism design is a powerful tool for creating new categories of mechanisms to avoid existing designs that have patent protection and can help designers in the conceptual phase. Also, this methodology is validated as a useful way to improve prosthetic hands for amputees.

Amputees↗
PubMed1993

Constraining effects of examples in a creative generation task.

In three experiments we tested the conformity hypothesis--that subjects' ideas would conform to examples they had been shown--by using a creative generation paradigm in which subjects imagined and sketched new exemplars of experimenter-defined categories. Designs made by subjects who had first seen three examples of ideas were compared with those of control subjects, who received no examples. In all three experiments, the designs of subjects who had seen the examples were more likely to contain features of the examples. This conformity effect did not significantly decrease in Experiment 2, when a 23-min task was interpolated between viewing the examples and generating related ideas. The hypothesis that the observed conformity effects may have been caused by subjects' assumptions that they should try to generate ideas similar to the examples was refuted in Experiment 3; explicitly instructing subjects to create ideas that were very different from the examples did not decrease conformity to the examples, and instructing them to conform to the examples significantly increased conformity. The results show that recent experience can lead to unintentional conformity, constraining the generation of creative ideas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Creative solutions: Innovative use of the arts in mental health settings.

A recent study of occupational stress on the unit (Clare, 2004) highlighted that staff valued the importance of the socialization process in reducing their stress levels. This process incorporates the need for peer support and acceptance, and an understanding of what is expected of them (e.g., roles and responsibilities), supported by a culture of learning, problem solving, and working together. This process is similar to the approach taken by the arts project in nurturing ideas and initiatives in a safe, respectful way. It is apparent that the arts project has been more than just a creative activity; it has had wider implications for both staff and service users in reducing stress. It has: * Enabled staff retention. In fact, there is a waiting list of nurses wishing to work on the unit. * Reduced incidents of damage to property. * Reduced use of p.r.n. medication. * Enhanced the good reputation of the service, which is often commented on by visitors to the unit. The arts project promotes well-being and lifelong learning for the ward community through meaningful engagement in creative activity.

Art↗
PubMed1995

Charitable remainder trusts provide a creative source of capital.

Operating margins for hospitals continue to shrink, making it increasingly difficult for hospitals to realize returns high enough to replace capital. Thus, accumulating capital through hospital earnings will continue to be difficult. Credit ratings will continue to drop as not-for-profit hospital operations remain marginal, making access to capital through debt markets more expensive. As a result, not-for-profit hospitals will need to develop creative ways of accessing capital through gifting programs. One such creative way is through the use of charitable remainder trusts--planned gifts that can take three to seven years to mature but can provide long-term-thinking hospital executives with an innovative source of capital.

Accounting↗
PubMed1987

Creative pricing strategies for medical services.

This paper discusses the strategic role of the pricing of medical services. Strategic pricing is a creative process that can be a vital means of defining marketing segments, differentiating services, and gaining a competitive advantage. The central issue in strategic pricing is creatively using the principle of cross-subsidies or shared economies over consumer groups, service sets, or competitors. This principle yields a rich set of pricing strategies that can be used in response to various environments.

Fees, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Family-centered early intervention: an opportunity for creative practice in speech-language pathology.

Services for developmentally delayed children from birth to age three consider the family first. Eligibility for services is determined through a multidisciplinary assessment. Once a child qualifies for service, a multidisciplinary team that includes the family develops an IFSP. The SLP may serve as the service coordinator for the plan or as a team member. The plans must contain specific information that includes documentation of current status and major outcomes for the coming year. An SLP may find that contributing effectively to an IFSP requires new competencies. First, the SLP will need to learn to function in the family-centered, multidisciplinary process of early intervention. Second, the SLP may need to develop creative models to deliver effective service. SLPs can contribute valuable information to the IFSP by finding ways to activate daily life routines to promote a child's communication skills. SLPs can explore the child's life-space, including routines and partners, as a source of contexts for treatment. SLPs also can explore partner communication strategies, note their effects on the child's communication experiences, and recommend additional strategies for treatment. The case study illustrated an individual, home-based intervention program (Gillette, 1989; Lombardino and Magnan, 1983). Other service delivery models can include classroom-based approaches (Wilcox, Kouri, and Caswell, 1991); group parent training approaches (Weistuch, Lewis, and Sullivan, 1991; Cheseldine and McConkey, 1979); and video-assisted approaches (McConkey, 1988; Johnson and Harrison, 1990; Gillette, in press). Many SLPs may find that the process of early intervention with the birth-to-three population offers unique opportunities for practice in their profession. To function effectively in this process, the SLP needs communication-based information to promote the child's communication skills within his or her daily life and sensitivity with which to design a plan that considers the family first, yet meets the needs of the child. Although alternative models of delivering speech-language service have been explored, the process of early intervention will continue to require professionals who can creatively match family priorities with the child's intervention needs.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On the creativity of the researcher: the work of Charles Richet].

At the birth of the scientific thoughts, the degree of creativity of the searcher depends on his capacity to extract himself from the previously acquired notions in this domain. The discovery of anaphylaxis, by Charles Richet and Paul Portier, constitutes therefore an epistemological break off, knocking over the theory on organism defences and the universality of the biological response to different stimuli. In the light of the works of Charles Richet on hypnosis, renal physiology, thermoregulation and psychophysiology, we see that the most creative discoveries are also the most unexpected or the most difficult to impose. They require courage and initiative, severity of thought, a radical independence of mind and a certain distance concerning eventual practical consequences.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

Creative thought in neurosurgical research: the value of citation analysis.

Creative research thought, embodying original ideas that are adaptable and lasting, changes the scholarship and course of neurosurgery, and will be recognized by high citation frequency. Thirty-nine of 50 of the first American neurosurgeons were the first authors of 411 research papers, which were studied by analysis of citations between 1965 and 1979. Of all papers written by these authors between 1896 and 1976, 11% concerned research; this category received 22% of the aggregate of citations. The five research areas that received the largest number of citations were brain tumors (745), central nervous system physiology (279), experimental hydrocephalus (232), increased intracranial pressure (222), and head injury (107). Solutions to these problems were resolved with varying degrees of success. Interest in brain tumor research was reflected by the use of special staining techniques in 30% of these papers. Seventy percent of neurosurgical research papers appeared in clinical journals. The Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry had the largest number of papers and of total citations for journals. The paper cited most often was Dandy's, "Internal Hydrocephalus: An Experimental, Clinical, and Pathological Study." Cushing and Penfield each wrote 3 of the 10 most cited research papers. The most productive research authors were also most often cited. They included Bailey (441), Cushing (431), Penfield (423), Dandy (246), and Davis (158). Among the 50 authors, the percentage of published research papers did not separate the neurosurgeon with laboratory experience from his clinically oriented counterpart with regard to productivity and creativity. The data suggest that neurosurgeons are generally not basic scientists but clinical investigators.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of classes in "creative movement and pantomime" and "badminton" on total-body coordination in older dyslexic boys].

Reported previously from a U.S. empirical study of 7th grade high-school students (102 male and 84 female) where statistically significant results had been found relative to total body coordination and body image (Schneider, 1978), the effectiveness of a series of classes in "creative movement and pantomime" was verified in a 7.5-week longitudinal study of 7th grade male students (N = 20) attending remedial education at a special school for dyslexic students in Massachusetts, U.S.A. It has been possible to demonstrate that these classes had achieved statistically significant improvements in overall body coordination of Ss, measured with the body coordination test KTK - Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder (Schilling, Kiphart, 1974). Findings obtained from the control group (N = 20) who, during that same period, had been taught, and practising, "Badminton" in the regular sports classes, elicited the same specific, statistically significant gains in overall body coordination. These improvements are considered attributable to the additional, specific stimuli for development provided to the dyslexic students by "creative movement and pantomime" classes and the racket sport "Badminton" alike. The findings support the thesis that delayed formation of hemispheric linkage is present in dyslexic persons, and that specific movement programmes provide developmental stimuli that influence overall body coordination.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Managing change creatively.

Change is an ever-present force in the health care environment. The nursing administrator can become a victim of change forces, or can manage them creatively to the benefit of the entire organization. The author presents a tested model for planned change and illustrates its application with a case study. Readers will find the model provides a framework for sound judgment and creative action.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed1995

Time for creative integration in medical sociology.

The burgeoning of medical sociology has sometimes been accompanied by unfortunate parochialism and the presence of opposing intellectual camps that ignore and even impugn each other's work. We have lost opportunities to achieve creative discourse and integration of different perspectives, methods, and findings. At this stage we should consider how we can foster creative integration within our field.

Disease↗