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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Treatment of ligneous conjunctivitis with topical plasmin and topical plasminogen.

PURPOSE: To describe treatment of a child with recalcitrant ligneous conjunctivitis secondary to a systemic plasminogen deficiency. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A seven-year-old boy developed severe unilateral membranous conjunctivitis recalcitrant to surgical debridement and treatment with topical prednisone, topical cyclosporine, and oral prednisone. Systemic evaluation revealed a severe plasminogen deficiency. RESULTS: Treatment with surgical debridement and topical plasmin was ineffective and resulted in prompt recurrence of dense conjunctival membranes. Treatment with topical plasminogen resulted in dramatic improvement and complete resolution of the membranes. CONCLUSIONS: Ligneous conjunctivitis is secondary to a systemic plasminogen deficiency. Treatment with topical plasminogen resulted in prompt resolution of the membranes. Treatment with topical plasmin was ineffective.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Combination of adult inclusion conjunctivitis and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a young adult.

PURPOSE: To report a patient who was diagnosed with combined adult inclusion conjunctivitis (AIC) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. METHODS: This is a case report. RESULTS: An 18-year-old male patient presented with chronic conjunctivitis and giant follicles. Evaluation by chlamydial antigen assay was positive. Conjunctival biopsy for the immunohistochemical stain and polymerase chain reaction of the left eye showed MALT lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: MALT lymphoma can masquerade as other ocular surface diseases. Chlamydial infection causes chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva. Both of these diseases should be considered as a differential diagnosis of refractory follicular conjunctivitis. It is worthy of further study to determine whether chronic inflammation resulting from chlamydial infection increases the risk of MALT lymphoma or it is coincidental.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Failure of erythromycin ointment for postnatal ocular prophylaxis of chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common pathogen associated with conjunctivitis during early infancy in the United States. During a 13-month interval at our medical center 4834 infants were born, 311 of whom (6.4%) had conjunctival specimens tested for chlamydial antigen before the age of 12 weeks. In 44 (14% of all tested infants, 0.9% of live births) chlamydial antigen was present. Because the rate of asymptomatic maternal chlamydial endocervical colonization is estimated to be 26% at our institution (previous prospective study), we calculated a minimal failure rate for erythromycin ocular prophylaxis of from 7 to 19.5%. A subsequent case-control study revealed that mothers of infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis were more likely to be primiparous (P = 0.03) and experience longer duration of rupture of membranes before delivery (P = 0.046). We conclude that a substantial percentage of infants exposed to Chlamydia develop chlamydial conjunctivitis despite receiving erythromycin ocular prophylaxis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Outbreak of erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal conjunctivitis in a newborn nursery.

We investigated an outbreak of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus conjunctivitis in a hospital newborn nursery that used erythromycin eye ointment to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum. Cases occurred in 2 clusters; 20 (14%) of 146 infants in the nursery developed conjunctivitis from July through October, 1987; and 5 (7%) of 69 infants in the nursery developed conjunctivitis during April and May, 1988. A case-control study of the first cluster demonstrated that culture-confirmed cases were more likely than controls to have received prophylactic erythromycin eye ointment or their initial bath from one nurse (odds ratio, 9.0; P = 0.01) or to have been delivered by one physician (odds ratio, 12.7; P = 0.03). The nurse was the only staff person to have a nasopharyngeal culture which yielded erythromycin-resistant S. aureus. Control measures, instituted in October, 1987, included using silver nitrate drops instead of erythromycin eye ointment for prophylaxis; however, in January, 1988, the hospital resumed use of erythromycin eye ointment. No additional cases were identified until mid-April, 1988, when the second cluster of cases occurred. At that time the hospital reinstituted the use of silver nitrate and no additional cases were identified. This investigation illustrates the potential for conjunctival infection with an antimicrobial-resistant pathogen when antimicrobials are used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Haemophilus influenzae causing conjunctivitis in day-care children.

The role of Haemophilus influenzae in acute purulent conjunctivitis was studied during an outbreak among children in day care. Five day-care centers contributed 20 cases and 35 controls. All the children were subjected to culture of the nasopharynx and the eyes. H. influenzae was carried in the nasopharynx of 53% of the children (range between day care centers, 20 to 91%). Of the 20 children with acute conjunctivitis 8 had eye cultures positive for H. influenzae, 2 had Moraxella and the remaining were culture-negative. Ten colonies of H. influenzae were isolated from each positive culture and identified by capsular type, biotype and multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. All but one of the isolates were nonencapsulated. They belonged to 4 biotypes and 8 electrophoretic types. The same strain was recovered from the eyes and nasopharynx of the symptomatic children, suggesting that the H. influenzae in the eyes originated from the nasopharynx. There was no evidence for spread of the same H. influenzae strains between day-care centers. Even within each center the Haemophilus strains recovered from the eyes varied among the symptomatic children. The in vitro capacity to attach to oropharyngeal epithelial cells was not increased among the H. influenzae recovered from the eyes. The results question if the majority of conjunctivitis cases were caused by H. influenzae and suggested that eyes were colonized with the nasopharyngeal carrier strain rather than infected by an isolate with special virulence for the eye.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis: unexplained results.

It is generally believed that a chlamydial eye infection in adults is the result of autoinoculation of the eye by infected genital secretion. Genital samples of 60 microbiologically verified, adult, non-trachomatous chlamydial conjunctivitis cases were investigated. Only two of the 38 men and none of the 22 women tested had symptoms of genital infection when the sampling was made for establishing the diagnosis of chlamydial infection. Of the men, 23 (61%), 20 (53%), 19 (50%), and 20 (53%) were positive in urethral samples by culture, ELISA (Chlamydiazyme, Abbott, USA), and immunofluorescence tests (Chlamyset, Orion, Finland and MicroTrak, Syva, Finland), respectively. The corresponding figures for the female urethral samples were 12 (55%), 11 (50%), 9 (41%), and 12 (55%) and for the cervical samples 15 (68%), 15 (68%), 14 (64%), and 14 (64%), respectively. Thirty-nine mothers to neonates with chlamydial conjunctivitis were also studied. In 34 (87%) of the mothers, a genital chlamydial infection could be verified. It has been a general belief that the eye in chlamydial conjunctivitis in adults is generally infected by autoinoculation of infected genital secretion. Different means to explain the discrepancy between the results of the diagnostic tests for the eye and genital samples are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

An unusual transmission of Neisseria meningitidis: neonatal conjunctivitis acquired at delivery from the mother's endocervical infection.

BACKGROUND: Primary meningococcal conjunctivitis is assumed to be due to the direct inoculation of Neisseria meningitidis into the conjunctival sac from an exogenous source. According to a literature review, no case of neonatal conjunctivitis infection acquired at delivery from maternal endocervicitis has been published. GOAL: To report a case of meningococcal neonatal conjunctivitis acquired at delivery because of the mother's endocervical infection and cross-transmission of the strain with her partner. STUDY DESIGN: Strains were characterized by bacteriologic and serologic methods including grouping (agglutination), typing, and subtyping (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay). Molecular analysis was done by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: The three strains (newborn infant, mother, partner) were of the same antigenic formula (C:NT:P1.NT) and exhibited similar NheI and SpeI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. CONCLUSION: The identical phenotypic and genomic analysis of strains is the evidence for N meningitidis transmission at delivery from a maternal endocervical infection to the newborn infant and cross transmission between sexual partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis secondary to docetaxel (taxotere).

PURPOSE: To report a case of erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis occurring secondarily in a patient who underwent administration of docetaxel. METHODS: Observational case report: a 58-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer developed erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis after undergoing administration of systemic docetaxel. RESULTS: Resolution of the erosive conjunctivitis occurred after discontinuation of docetaxel. The punctal stenosis persisted. CONCLUSION: Patients receiving treatment with docetaxel require frequent monitoring to discover potentially irreversible ocular damage.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of comfort using olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers compared to placebo using the conjunctival allergen-challenge model.

PURPOSE: Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution is a topical antiallergy agent indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comfort of olopatadine used for contact lens wearers in the conjunctival allergen-challenge (CAC) model. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, double-masked, parallel-controlled CAC study. Contact lens-wearing subjects with a history of allergic conjunctivitis were randomized to receive olopatadine or placebo bilaterally. Fifteen minutes after study medication instillation, subjects inserted contact lenses. Allergen challenge was performed 10 minutes after contact lens insertion. Subjective evaluations of ocular comfort were obtained immediately and every minute after CAC, up to and including 10 minutes. Thereafter, comfort evaluations were made every 5 minutes up to and including 60 minutes. Subjects evaluated itching at 3, 7, and 10 minutes and redness was graded at 5, 10, and 20 minutes. All evaluations were graded on standardized scales. Subjects were given diaries in which to rate comfort at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 13 hours and the time of contact lens removal. RESULTS: At post-study medication instillation, post-lens insertion, and at time points from 1 to 10 minutes post-allergen challenge, ocular comfort evaluations were statistically superior in subjects receiving olopatadine as compared with those receiving placebo (P < 0.05). The difference in time until contact lens removal was clinically significant, with subjects who were treated with olopatadine wearing lenses for an average of 2.1 hours longer than placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: As evidenced by significantly greater comfort and longer duration of lens wear, olopatadine provides superior comfort to contact lens wearers suffering from the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, as induced by the CAC model.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Long-term safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term safety of the topical steroid, loteprednol etabonate 0.2%, in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of 397 patients from three private ophthalmologic practices treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis with long-term loteprednol etabonate 0.2% was performed. Chart review of slitlamp findings and intraocular pressure measurements during follow-up visits was performed to determine the incidence of adverse effects, such as steroid-induced intraocular pressure increase, cataract formation, and any other possible topical steroid-induced adverse event. One hundred fifty-nine of the 397 patients had been continuously using loteprednol for more than 12 months. RESULTS: There were no reported adverse effects of long-term loteprednol etabonate 0.2% use in any of the 159 patients, whose continuous use ranged from a cumulative total of 120 drops per eye to 3,741 drops per eye. CONCLUSIONS: Loteprednol etabonate 0.2% is a safe topical steroid when used on a long-term basis for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ocular rosacea can mimic trachoma: a case of cicatrizing conjunctivitis.

PURPOSE: To report the case of a patient with upper eyelid chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis and entropion, presumably secondary to ocular rosacea. METHODS: Case report and review of medical literature. RESULTS: The patient has a history of chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis since 1999. Despite an extensive workup for other possible causes, the patient's known history of acne rosacea is the most substantive explanation for her ocular disease. CONCLUSION: The presence of chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis affecting mainly the upper eyelids, previously thought to be unique to trachoma, can be associated with ocular rosacea.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A clinical comparison of topical clobetasone butyrate and sodium cromoglycate in allergic conjunctivitis.

Clobetasone butyrate (0.1%), a new topical corticosteroid eye preparation for the treatment of ocular inflammation, has been compared with sodium cromoglycate (2%) eye drops in thirty-nine patients experiencing allergic conjunctivitis during the hay fever season. In this double-blind, within-patient comparative study both preparations were effective in relieving the patients' symptoms of conjunctivitis. However, clobetasone butyrate was clinically more effective than sodium cromoglycate as determined by symptom score card analysis (P less than 0.01) and the patients' overall assessment of treatment (P less than 0.05). Patients' preference for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was markedly in favour of clobetasone butyrate (P less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Meningococcal conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: Primary meningococcal conjunctivitis is a rare condition that can have devastating ocular and systemic complications. METHODS: Review of the case records. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate Gram stain and cultures should be obtained in cases of hyperacute conjunctivitis, especially in young patients, and systemic antibiotics should be initiated promptly where Gram-negative diplococci are found and prophylaxis for close contacts considered in Neisseria meningitidis conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral doxycycline, niacinamide and prednisolone used to treat bilateral nodular granulomatous conjunctivitis of the third eyelid in an Australian Kelpie dog.

A 5-year-old, female neutered, Australian Kelpie presented with a 2-month history of dramatic bilateral erythematous thickening of the third eyelids. Ophthalmic examination demonstrated raised, pink to red, irregular thickening of the entire palpebral surface of both third eyelids. There were no other ocular abnormalities. A surgical biopsy was taken from each third eyelid. Histopathologic examination revealed sheets of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and occasional fibroblasts and neutrophils infiltrating the third eyelid stroma. A diagnosis of chronic granulomatous conjunctivitis was made. Grossly and histopathologically this case closely resembles previously described cases of nodular granulomatous conjunctivitis involving the third eyelids of Collie dogs. This report describes an unusual case of nodular granulomatous conjunctivitis isolated to the third eyelids in an Australian Kelpie. Resolution of the condition was achieved with a combination of oral doxycycline, niacinamide and prednisolone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Adult polio-like syndrome following Enterovirus 70 conjunctivitis (natural history of the disease).

During the Indian EV 70 conjunctivitis epidemic in 1981, 79 patients with neurological complications were evaluated by clinical, electrophysiological, histopathological and virological studies. The disease was heralded by an attack of conjunctivitis and was followed, after a variable latent period, by a pre-paralytic, paralytic, and post-paralytic stage of slow recovery. The above events occurred in an orderly sequence. The paralysis affected the cranial nerves, limbs or both. The clinical course closely simulated poliomyelitis, without any evidence of radiculopathy or myelopathy. Cranial nerve palsies were seen in approximately half of the patients. The electrophysiological and histologicl studies pointed towards the affection of anterior horn cells. The raised neutralizing antibody titres to Enterovirus 70, confirmed the aetiology of the disease. On the available data, we believe that this nosological entity should be considered under the general title of "polio-like syndrome" following EV 70 conjunctivitis. On account of two epidemics in 1971 and 1981 with unfavourable prognosis and high resultant disability, and because of lack of specific therapy, it has become imperative to develop, as a top priority, a vaccine for immunization.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Moraxella lacunata isolated from epidemic conjunctivitis among teen-aged females.

An epidemic follicular conjunctivitis affecting teen-aged females has been studied. Moraxella lacunata was isolated from 11% of the patients, a frequency far above the rate found in other types of chronic conjunctivitis. The condition is suggested to be the chronic follicular conjunctivitis (Axenfeld) due to Moraxella lacunata.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in northern Norway.

To determine the microbiological agents in conjunctivitis in children and young adults, physicians outside hospitals were asked to obtain samples from the conjunctiva in patients presenting with conjunctivitis. Specimens from 194 patients and 177 healthy controls were cultivated for Chlamydia trachomatis. In 12 cases Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated (i.e. 4 neonates, 1 three-year-old child and 7 adults, aged 17 to 39 years), but in none of the controls. Of the specimens from patients 168 and all of the healthy controls were cultivated for both bacteria (including Chlamydia trachomatis) and viruses. The main micro-organisms, regarded as infectious, were Haemophilus influenzae (20), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18), Staphylococcus aureus (14) and Chlamydia trachomatis (9). Haemophilus influenzae (non-typable strains) were isolated more frequently in the age group below 5 years of age than in the age group 5-50 years. Herpes simplex virus (type II) was isolated in one neonate. Chlamydia trachomatis is among the most important infectious agents in conjunctivitis treated outside hospitals. As chlamydial infections need special attention regarding treatment and follow-up, physicians should be encouraged to obtain specimens for microbiological examination, including chlamydia, from the population at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydial conjunctivitis in neonates and adults. History, clinical findings and follow-up.

This study presents data from 73 neonatal and 60 adult patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis who were studied by culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests. All patients had visited three or more doctors before the diagnosis was established. Fourteen of the adults had consulted an ophthalmological emergency unit complaining of a foreign body sensation in the eye. The symptoms started monocularly in all 133 cases, however, the fellow eye was affected after 2-7 days in 54 of the neonates and in 5-30 days in 20 of the adult patients. The duration of symptoms before the etiological diagnosis was established was 5-198 days (mean 24 and median 15 days) in the neonates and 7-120 (mean 29 and median 22 days) in the adults. The conjunctivitis was mild, moderate and severe in 7, 72 and 48 of the neonatal eyes, when the etiological diagnosis was established. The corresponding figures for severity of conjunctivitis in the adult group were 9, 57 and 14. Nasopharyngeal colonization occurred in 56 (77%) of the children and in 35 (58%) of the adults. In the adults, only two males complained of symptoms of genital infection. In 46 (77%) adults one or more of the chlamydial diagnostic tests performed on genital samples was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Forty-five of the neonates were treated with erythromycin 40-50 mg per kg body weight divided in four daily doses for 14 days, while 35 of the adults were given 250 mg x 4 x 14 of erythromycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗