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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simulation of homicide to hide child's suicide].

A case of pretending a homicide to conceal a child suicide is reported in which characteristic findings of the postmortem examination and conclusions from the analysis of forensic autopsy series provided substantial support for the police investigation. In the late night hours of a spring day the police authorities were informed that a 10-year-old girl had been found dead on a playground near its parents' house. As injuries of the neck were recognized by the police officers a homicide investigation was initiated. The post mortem examination showed a furrow symmetrically slanting from the front to the nape of the neck, discrete punctate haemorrhages of the skin of the face and numerous 'tram-line' bruises of the back, buttocks and extremities. These findings indicated as cause and manner of death suicidal hanging following corporal punishment. Confronted with these conclusions the mother immediately made a corresponding confession.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1997

The Ram's Horn: the commonplace book of Dr. Earle Parkhill Scarlett.

Dr. Earle Scarlett (1896-1982) was "a man for all sasons:" he was a flourishing internist in Calgary, Alta., and a proud, self-confessed "medical truant." One of his greatest accomplishments was his written work; he published over 500 articles in several journals. His passion for books and reading gave rise to his commonplace book, The Ram's Horn. He used this collection of poems, prose, quotations, thoughts, and ideas as a source for his articles, most of which focused on historical and philosophical matters, and were rich in references to literary figures, mythology, and the Bible. The Ram's Horn contains writings that he deemed to be worthwhile and enjoyed reading over again. This book gives insight into the writings and interests of Scarlett, and in his words. "sound[s] a full-blooded compliment to [his] life."

Canada↗
PubMed1995

[War-time activity of the medical faculty of John Casimir University in Lwów since September 1939 till August 1944].

Declared activity under first Soviet occupation - The first Soviet occupation of Lwów lasted since September 22nd 1939 till June 27th 1941. The population of the town consisted at the outbreak of the war in about 89 p.c. of Poles of Catholic and partly Jewish confession the remaining part consisting of 8 p.c. Ukrainians and of 3 p.c. Ruthenians. Basing on falsified results of voting in November 1939, the Top Council of Soviet Union incorporated Lwów into its Ukrainian Soviet Republic. In consequence of the formal ukrainization and real russification trend achieved by mass-immigration of Russians, the town has changed its external and ethnical caracter. All managing posts in administration, trade, banks, post-offices, railway-service and police (called milice) have been occupied by Soviet people speaking Russian while the majority of population was speaking Polish....

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1999

Thomas Henry Huxley and neuroscience.

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century Thomas Henry Huxley was at the heart of British Science: President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1870), President of the Royal Society (1883-86), Chairman of innumerable committees. His thought in many ways characterises the spirit of the 'high' Victorian age in Britain. He was not only the most eminent academic biologist of his time but also deeply interested in philosophical issues. His re-examination of the evolution of the brain in response to Richard Owen's 'telenomic' views formed the kernel of the notorious debate at the 1860 meeting of the British Association in Oxford. From his early youth until old age he thought long and hard about the mind/body problem. This paper follows the development of his ideas and shows how in debate with many of the leading thinkers of his age, in the X-club and the Metaphysical Society, he struggled to develop a biologically-based account of the relationship between mind and brain. However, at the end, he seems to have recognized that his position was not entirely satisfactory and ultimately famously confessing himself 'agnostic' turned from metaphysics to devote himself to more practical issues. The unresolved problems of mind and brain which perplexed Huxley remain to torment his epigoni.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2001

[A case of amphetamine-induced down-regulation of beta-adrenoceptor].

A 29-year-old man with severe pyloric stenosis confessed that he had been a chronic amphetamine abuser just after awakening from anesthesia for partial gastrectomy. Anesthesia was maintained with thoracic epidural bupivacaine combined with continuous i.v. infusion of propofol. Decreased arterial blood pressure was observed 10 min after starting epidural anesthesia, and remained stable at 80-90 mmHg of systolic blood pressure in spite of massive fluid resuscitation in addition to repeated i.v. administration of ephedrine/methoxamine and continuous i.v. infusion of dopamine at a rate of 8 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Finally, arterial blood pressure rose gradually after i.v. administration of methylpredonisolone 500 mg. We speculate that the down-regulation of beta-adrenoceptor induced by the sympathomimetic action of amphetamine, might be a major cause of refractory hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Ethics of medical management of inability to give birth. Johannes Stahelin and his plea for embryotomy].

Confronted with the inability to give birth to a child, delivery could be achieved by embryotomy--that was only permitted, when the foetus was dead--or by Caesarean section--where the chance to save mother and child as well was merely theoretical until the end of the 19th century. In two statements of the Theological Faculty of the Sorbonne in Paris embryotomy was absolutely rejected (1648), in nearly all cases of impossible delivery the Caesarean section was required (1733). In 1749 Johannes Stähelin starts a daring attempt to justify embryotomy by application of natural law to the situation of critical childbirth. Keywords of the theological statements are confronted with categories of the natural law in a sophisticated way, nevertheless the basis of Christian confession is maintained. This argumentation in order to justify embryotomy as a lawful method to deliver a woman seemed to be more adequate to the medical sphere than claiming the Caesarean section. The ethical debate continued until the problem was solved by mastering Caesarean section.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

[Radiographic examination of skeletalized remains of an abandoned infant: a case report with special reference to odontological findings].

A homeless couple confessed that they had buried their baby, who died at the age of three months, in the graveyard two years earlier. The recovered infantile remains had been already completely skeletonized and dismembered. However, the maxilla and mandibula of the average matured infants, the age of the body was estimated to be 1 to 2.5 months old on the basis of the degree of calcification of deciduous teeth.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2001

[Do old persons wish to die? Suicidal tendencies and weariness of life in old age. Results of the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)].

On the basis of the results of the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), some 15% of persons aged 70 years and older confess to being tired of life, 5% express a wish to die, and 0.5-1% entertain thoughts of suicide. Women express a wish to die or have thoughts of suicide approximately 1.5 to 3 times more frequently than men. Depending on the severity of the suicidal tendency, more than 80% of such patients, and all of these entertaining thoughts of suicide, suffer from acute psychiatric disorders. Death wishes and thoughts of suicide must therefore always prompt an intensive psychiatric diagnostic work-up, and initiation of suitable and rigorous treatment, and must not be mistaken for the expression of understandable attitudes towards aging.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[New drugs at "rave parties": ketamine and prolintane].

"Rave parties", all-night dance parties based on "techno" music, represent an increasing phenomenon in France. "Rave drugs" refers to a wide variety of drugs used by the young participants owing to their hallucinogenic or stimulant effects. Uncertainties about the sources of these substances, the possible contaminants and the multiplicity of the associations make it difficult to evaluate the toxic consequences that might be expected in this particular context. This report presents toxicological cases documented by analytical findings in which two pharmacological agents abused in "rave parties" in South-West of France were found. The day following a party, a 17 year-old girl showed a confused state with drowsiness and hallucinations. She confessed having consumed a white powder sold as "ecstasy", that sample analysis identified as pure ketamine. Ketamine is an anaesthetic agent primarily used in veterinary medicine and paediatrics. This drug seems to be abused, mainly by the intranasal route, owing to its hallucinogen effects. Its used in "rave-party" appears to be marked by unsuspected consumption. All long another party, a large quantity of orange tablets were sold and abused by several participants. Analysis performed on some fragments of these tablets revealed the presence of prolintane and ascorbic acid. Prolintane, an amphetamine-related substance, is a central nervous system stimulant. This compound is "freely" available in Spain in combination with several vitamins, under the form of tablets with orange coating named "Katovit" and sold at low price: 1.93 [symbol: see text]/20 tablets (200 mg of prolintane).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Diabetes and alternative medicine: diabetic patients experiences with Ayur-Ved, "clinical ecology" and "cellular nutrition" methods].

In the last two years we discovered that three of our patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (0.8%) suffered an unexpected worsening in their glycemic control due to a reduction of their insulin dosage in favour of some "alternative" diabetes treatments using herbs, vitamins, fantastic diets and trace elements prescribed by non-medical practitioners. The first patient, a 6.6 year old boy, was admitted to hospital because of a severe ketoacidosis with first degree coma as a result of his parents having reduced his insulin dosage by 77% and replacing the insulin with an ayurvedic herbal preparation (Bardana Actium Lapp). The second patient, a 10.4 year old boy, was admitted to hospital after his teachers noticed that he appeared tired, thinner and polyuric. During hospital admission for mild ketoacidosis the mother, reluctant at first, finally confessed that her son was under the care of a "clinical ecologist". Having identified several food allergies this "clinical ecologist" had placed the child on a spartan diet of bread, water and salt, and had reduced his insulin dosage by 68%. The third patient, a 21 year old male, upon transfer to the Adult Diabetic Center, reported that he had been under the care of a pranotherapist for several years. The pranotherapist had prescribed a cellular nutrition preparation (called "Madonna drops"), a meditation program and also a 50% reduction in his insulin dosage. During this period his HbAlc values had increased from 6.4% to 12%. Current orthodox diabetes treatments are considered unsatisfactory by many people and it is thus not surprising that they search for "miracle" cures. It is important, however, that hospital staff do not ridicule the patients or their parents for trying these alternative therapies. Nevertheless, it would be useful for staff to discuss in advance these "therapies" with patients, highlighting their ineffectiveness and strongly discouraging cures that call for a reduction or elimination of the insulin treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Social determinants of life expectancy].

"Life expectancy and mortality increasingly are analyzed in the context of social factors. This study analyzes the impact of social position, marital status, and religious confession on cohort life expectancy. The analysis is based on [German data from the] Socio-Economic Panel Survey, wherein proxy-interviewee's parents have been used to estimate cohort mortality. Results confirm a lower mortality risk of the upper classes and of married persons. However, as opposed to other studies, Catholics do not have a lower, but even a higher mortality risk." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillos: criminal and legal aspects of serial homicide with over 200 victims].

This is the first scientific report on the crimes of the homosexual paedophile sadist Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillos, based on a research stay of the authors in Columbia, and including discussions with the investigators, and the offender. Between 1992 and 1999, Garavito killed more than 200 children in the core age span between 8 and 13 years (as an exception, 6 to 16 years). His modus operandi remained stable. During daytime, he lured children of a lower social status out of crowded parts of the city into hidden areas that were overgrown with high plants. Garavito promised either payment for easy work, or drugs, or made other socially believable offers. The children were tied up, tortured, raped, and killed by at least one cut in the lateral part of the neck, or by decapitation. During the killings, Garavito was drunk. Even after his arrest (for attempted sexual abuse under a wrong identity) it was not immediately possible to track his crimes since Garavito had frequently changed his places of stay and his jobs. He also grew different hairdos and used wrong names. During his still ongoing confessions, he directs the investigators correctly to all scenes of crime spread over large parts of Columbia. In our report, we give an overview over the course of investigations, hint to similarities in the cases of the German serial killer Denke (1920's) and homosexual paedophile serial killer Jürgen Bartsch (1960's), and give preliminary impressions on the offender's personality. Furthermore, the violent environment and juridical peculiarities in Columbia are discussed. In spite of a total penalty of 2600 years in prison, it is formally well possible that Garavito will be released out of prison within the next 10 to 20 years, i.e. even before the maximum sentence of 40 years will be over.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Historical Archives of Italian Nephrology. The history of instrumentation in nephrology. Part II: microscope and haemodialyzer].

Medicine in the technological era acquired many of the characteristics that concurrently marked other fields. So, by adopting procedures based on information obtained with instruments and devices, medicine developed an approach to illness that transformed it into a special form of technology. The collective effect of instrumentation deserves consideration and offers the historian opportunities for interpreting the interaction between physician and his patients in other than scientific and technological terms. The very construction of instruments and devices depends on the Author's ideas assembled with the basic theories of the time. For instance, at the end of the nineteenth century, when medical instruments became essential, the bacterial origin of diseases revolutionised their construction and application. In this context, the invention and use of the microscope became an outstanding feature of the clinical approach by disclosing the cellular universe. The microscope had become crucial in locating some major causes of physical suffering and death in man, and was considered the pre-eminent diagnostic instrument in medicine. In the nephrological field, the microscope drew the physician into a universe of physical changes that were concealed to the naked eye. The microscope made possible the verification of some of Bright's brilliant ideas, something that helped physicians classify glomerulonephritis. Many nephrologists confessed "how few things are established in this subject (nephrology) and how many more difficulties are established, we have learned by experience with the microscope". The modesty of this claim is striking. In nephrology, as in other fields, the admission of ignorance proved to be the beginning of wisdom. This wisdom, based on the admission of ignorance and assembled through the commitment and ingenuity of the pioneers of the dialysis treatment, led to the treatment of end-stage renal disease and the guarantee of success. The technique of haemodialysis has been enriched by the new lexicon, which expresses different ways and ideas on the removal of the solute.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2003

[Acute renal failure caused by phenazopyridine].

A 27 years old woman was admitted due to abdominal cramps, jaundice and oligoanuria, starting 48 hours after eating Chinese food. Hepatic biochemical tests, abdominal ultrasound and retrograde pyelography were normal. The urine was intensely orange colored and microscopic analysis was normal. The serum creatinine and urea nitrogen on admission were 4.59 and 42.5 mg/dl and rose to 13.5 and 72.4 mg/dl, respectively, at the 6th hospital day. Oliguria lasted only 48 hours. Dialysis was not used, since the patient was in good general condition and uremic symptoms were absent. On the 7th day, azotemia began to subside and at the 14th day, serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dl. Before hospital discharge, she confessed the ingestion of 2.000 mg of phenazopyridine, during a nervous breakdown, aiming to sleep deeply. Remarkable was the persistence of the orange color of her urine during several days and the dissociation between the rate of increase of serum creatinine with respect to urea nitrogen. This is an unusual case of acute renal failure caused by an overdose of a drug, commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

[Judgment of the credibility of rape allegations: a content analytic field experiment].

This study explores the issue of whether allegations of rape can be correctly identified as true or false on the basis of a set of content criteria used successfully in previous studies with respect to children's accounts of sexual abuse. A sample of 30 authentic protocols of police interrogations of women reporting rape were selected for the study. Fifteen cases were classified as false accounts because the complaints eventually confessed to having fabricated their allegations. The remaining cases were classified as true rapes on the basis of medical and other corroborating evidence. A group of experienced police officers (N = 30) judged these cases in terms of their credibility on the basis of the 19 content criteria suggested by Steller & Köhnken (1989) and gave an overall judgment of the true vs. false nature of each statement. A second group of police officers (N = 22) judged the credibility of the statements without reference to these criteria. The findings from a series of discriminant function analyses showed that the set of criteria as a whole is successful in distinguishing between true and false rape allegations. The results of the stepwise discriminant function analyses reveal which criteria in particular contribute to the correct identification of true and false cases. However, the higher percentage of correct classifications in the group using the content criteria was only marginally significant compared to the second group judging the cases without reference to the criteria. Altogether, the findings of this study support the basic tenet of statement analysis that the linguistic features of a statement contain essential clues for assessing its credibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment understanding and compliance in asthma of children. Results of a prospective survey].

Compliance with treatment is a crucial factor in the management of asthmatic children which depends on the understanding of the disease and its treatment. The understanding of, and compliance with treatment were evaluated by means of a questionnaire in 50 parents of asthmatic children. 50% of these parents used anti-histamines as maintenance treatment and 30% also used these drugs during attacks. Half the parents knew about the bronchodilator effects of theophylline and B2-agonists. 42% and 30% respectively of the parents thought that the side-effects of theophylline or corticosteroids were few or inexistent; 86% claimed regular attendance to out-patient clinics, but 30% confessed that they had forgotten such drugs as theophylline and antihistamines. 50% took the appropriate therapeutic measures when confronted with a moderate or severe attack of asthma. Each child received 2.3 drugs on average for his or her asthma. This study shows that parents have an insufficient knowledge of asthma treatments, and this may partially explain the poor compliance with therapy as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with childhood asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Threat of drug addiction in the army].

UNLABELLED: Drug addiction belongs to those phenomena of social pathology with complex canses, mechanisms and conditionings. Drug addiction mainly concerns young people, also those from the military environment despite the fact that recruitment boards consider detected drug addicts-conscripts to be completely or temporarily unfit for service. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the scale of drug addiction among soldiers taking into account the reasons and range of the phenomenon. METHOD: Using the method of the auditorial questionnaire, the tests were carried out on the amount trial among servicemen using anonymous questionnaires. The tests were performed in 1996 and the trial consisted of 552 soldiers and then they were repeated using the same questionnaire among 682 soldiers in 2001. RESULTS: It was found that in the years 1996-2001 the number of soldiers using psychoactive agents increased threefold. Marijuana and amphetamine were the most frequently used drugs. Nearly half of the soldiers tested think that in the army there are no problems with the supply with drugs, and over half of those who take drugs are of the opinion that drugs do not disturb their ability to service. THE RESULTS: Of the tests point to the following conclusions: in 2001 16.6% of the tested soldiers confessed to having contact with drugs, in 1996 this result was 5.1%. CONCLUSION: Marijuana and amphetamine still are the most popular among active soldiers. Although majority of servicemen consider taking drugs as a negative phenomenon, every tenth tested soldier pointed to positive effects of their taking. First contacts with drugs the tested soldiers had as early as in secondary school (58.3%), whereas as many as 25% of the tested subjects reported that they had the first contact with drugs in the army.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1965

THE BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PATHOLOGIST.

A pathologist working in a medical examiner's or coroner's office dealing with the syndrome of the battered child is responsible for performing a complete external examination of the body with careful detailed description of all injuries, supplemented by roentgenograms of the entire skeleton, taken before the autopsy, to determine the existence of old or recent bone injury. The complete autopsy with microscopic studies must include the dissection and microscopic study of the osseous lesions.All findings possibly related to trauma are recorded in diagrams and photographs in color. The pathologist's findings and police reports dealing with the circumstances of the injuries and death must be evaluated with utmost care to determine whether inconsistencies exist in their statements as to the time and the nature of the events associated with the injuries. When confronted with the findings, suspects frequently confess.

Autopsy↗