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PubMedDate not supplied

Zoonoses.

Animal-transmitted diseases are remarkable not because they occur frequently but because they are almost always unsuspected and unrecognized. The physician who attends an ill veterinarian or zookeeper will immediately suspect an exotic disease. The pediatrician who attends the child who recently received a puppy for his birthday will not. Our public attitude toward animals as carriers of disease is utterly thoughtless. If a human were to urinate and defecate in the street or park he would be incarcerated without delay. Yet we tolerate and even encourage the same activity in dogs, which are known to carry scores of diseases to humans. Animals as pets are here to stay. Children are their frequent companions. It would serve all those who deal with the medical problems of children to know as much as possible about the diseases carried by animals, for their consequences are quite significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Helminth parasites of unisexual and bisexual whiptail lizards (Teiidae) in North America. I. The Colorado checkered whiptail (Cnemidophorus tesselatus).

Eleven of 27 (41%) parthenogenetic Colorado checkered whiptails (Cnemidophorus tesselatus) from four counties of western and southwestern Texas were infected with one or more helminths. These included a linstowiid cestode (Oochoristica sp.), a larval spirurid nematode (Physaloptera sp.) and two species of oxyurid nematodes (Parathelandros texanus and Pharyngodon warneri). This note, the first in a series of reports on helminths of Cnemidophorus spp., represents the first record of parasites from C. tesselatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Helminth parasites of unisexual and bisexual whiptail lizards (Teiidae) in North America. II. The New Mexico whiptail (Cnemidophorus neomexicanus).

Twelve of 61 (20%) unisexual New Mexico whiptails (Cnemidophorus neomexicanus) from three counties of central New Mexico (USA) and two counties of extreme southwestern Texas (USA) were found to be infected with one or more endoparasites. These included a linstowiid cestode (Oochoristica bivitellobata) in seven (11%), a larval spirurid nematode (Physaloptera sp.) in three (5%), an oxyurid nematode (Pharyngodon warneri) in two (3%) and an unidentified acanthocephalan cystacanth in a single (2%) lizard. This report constitutes the first record of helminths from C. neomexicanus.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed2006

Multiple infections: relatedness and time between infections affect the establishment and growth of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus in its stickleback host.

We studied experimental double infections of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus in its stickleback host. In particular, we were interested in how two important components of the cestode's transmission success-establishment and growth within the fish host-were affected by the relatedness of the two parasites in a double exposure and by the timing of the two exposures, that is, whether they occurred simultaneously or sequentially. We found that male sticklebacks more often became infected (singly or doubly) if the two cestodes in the exposures were related, whereas female sticklebacks were more easily infected (singly or doubly) when exposed to two unrelated cestodes. Irrespective of the fish's gender, successful infections more often contained both cestodes when they were related. In sequential exposures with related as well as unrelated cestodes, the cestode in the later exposure survived better and also grew larger than the cestode from the first exposure, despite being one week younger. Our results emphasize that within-host dynamics and factors acting at this level can play an important role in determining a parasite's transmission success.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of concurrent infections on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). I. General effects and comparison with crowding. 1961.

Hymenolepis diminuta developing in the presence of Moniliformis dubius are lighter, shorter, have a lower average weight:length ratio, and are limited to the posterior part of the intra-intestinal range they occupy in single infections. M. dubius in the concurrent infections are lighter, possibly shorter, have a lower average weight:length ratio, and tend to attach further anterior than in single infections. No effects were noted on the percent recovery of either helminth. Highly significant regressions of the wet weight, length, and weight:length ratio of H. diminuta and M. dubius on the number of larvae administered in single infections have been demonstrated. The weight and length of the H. diminuta, and the weight and weight:length ratios of the M. dubius, from concurrent infections were significantly lower than values predicted for single-species infections with a comparable number of worms. In crowded single-species infections, the distribution of attachment points of the H. diminuta is extended to include the anterior three-fourths of the intestine; in concurrent infections the tapeworms are limited to the posterior part of this range. Under crowded conditions, the M. dubius extend their linear intestinal distribution only slightly, all of the acanthocephalans attaching in the anterior half of the small intestine; in concurrent infections the acanthocephalans tend to be limited to the anterior part of this range. The distributional limitations in concurrent infections and the similarities between the effects of concurrent infection and crowding suggest that similar mechanisms, i.e., competition, possibly for carbohydrate, may be involved in the production of the effects of concurrent infection.

Acanthocephala↗