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PubMed1988

Experimental manipulations of prolactin following removal of pouch young or bromocriptine treatment during lactational quiescence in the Bennett's wallaby.

Experiments were conducted to investigate whether prolactin suppresses the corpus luteum during lactational quiescence in the Bennett's wallaby. In the first experiment, pouch young were removed from lactating wallabies (day 0) which were then treated daily for 7 days with either saline, or 8 mg domperidone or 2 mg ovine prolactin. In the saline-injected animals there was a transient peak in progesterone concentrations on day 4 and birth on day 28. The transient progesterone peak and births were significantly (P less than 0.01) delayed by 5 and 8 days in animals treated with domperidone and ovine prolactin respectively. In the second experiment, four groups of lactating wallabies were treated on day 0 with either 60 mg bromocriptine (groups C and D) or the vehicle (groups A and B). On days 0-6, groups B and D were injected daily with 2 mg ovine prolactin while groups A and C received the vehicle. In group C, three pouch young died 14-29 days after administration of bromocriptine, and there was a transient rise in progesterone on day 4 in all animals, indicating that bromocriptine resulted in immediate reactivation of the quiescent corpus luteum. New births occurred in two animals on day 28. In group D, which received bromocriptine followed by ovine prolactin for 7 days, all the original pouch young remained alive at the end of the experiment. Four of the animals from this group showed a transient progesterone peak on day 11, with births in two animals on days 35 and 36 indicating that the effects of bromocriptine were prevented whilst ovine prolactin was being administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bromocriptine in the treatment of hypogonadism and male impotence.

A rapid, practical diagnostic scheme is the key to selecting proper candidates for treatment with bromocriptine. The evaluation centres around assays for prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone, polytomography and computerised axial tomography of the sella turcica and parasellar regions, and the ergot alkaloid, bromocriptine. Additionally, bromocriptine is of significant value in the treatment of men and women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Approximately 80% of patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogadism and hyperprolactinaemia will respond favorably to bromocriptine therapy. In women who conceive during such treatment there appears to be no increase in the rate of spontaneous abortion, of multiple gestations or of congenital anomalies. Bromocriptine appears to be of little value in the treatment of male impotence unless hyperprolactinaemia is a component of the disease. Side affects are usually mild and transient. Following the discontinuation of therapy most patients have a recurrence of hyperprolactinaemia and hypogonadism.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1997

Effects of bromocriptine and terguride on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the estrogen-stimulated anterior pituitary gland of the rat.

The effects of bromocriptine and terguride on the estrogen-stimulated anterior pituitary gland of the female Wistar rat were investigated. Pituitary weight and serum prolactin (PRL) levels were reduced by treatment with bromocriptine or terguride. Immunohistological staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that the PCNA labeling index of PRL-producing cells was significantly decreased by treatment with bromocriptine or terguride compared with untreated cells. The number of apoptotic cells analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate-biotin nick end labeling method was significantly increased in rats treated with bromocriptine or terguride. Suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis are important effects of bromocriptine and terguride in the treatment of prolactinomas and other hyperprolactinemias.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Shock syndrome induced by bromocriptine test in a patient with prolactinoma--case report.

A 72-year-old male developed shock syndrome after a single dose of bromocriptine. He had undergone uncomplicated subtotal removal of an invasive prolactinoma in our department. The patient had normal ranges of pituitary hormones apart from hyperprolactinemia (167.7 ng/ml) after surgery. An acute suppression test with bromocriptine (2.5 mg per os) was done in the supine position 6 days following surgery. Three and a half hours after bromocriptine administration, he suddenly complained of anterior chest discomfort in bed. Cyanosis and profuse diaphoresis were noted. His blood pressure was 80/60 mmHg. Electrocardiography revealed sporadic premature contractions and slight depression in the ST segments. He recovered in about 10 hours after a rapid infusion of corticosteroid and lactic Ringer solution, and was discharged without sequelae. This is a very rare complication of bromocriptine, but the cardiovascular function of patients taking bromocriptine for therapeutic and diagnostic purpose should be monitored carefully.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Use of prostaglandins and bromocriptine mesylate for pregnancy termination in bitches.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of 2 protocols using bromocriptine mesylate and prostaglandins to terminate unwanted pregnancy in bitches. DESIGN: Prospective randomized single-blind controlled study. ANIMALS: 34 crossbred and purebred bitches referred for possible pregnancy termination. Seven additional pregnant bitches were used as controls. PROCEDURE: Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonographic examination from day 25 after mating in all bitches. Of the 34 bitches, 25 were pregnant and were randomly allocated to a treatment group. Group-1 dogs (n = 12) received a combination of increasing amounts of bromocriptine mesylate (15 to 30 microg/kg [6.8 to 13.6 microg/lb], p.o., q 12 h) and dinoprost tromethamine (0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg [0.045 to 0.09 mg/lb], s.c., q 24 h). Group-2 dogs (n =13) received a combination of increasing amounts of bromocriptine mesylate (the same schedule as group-1 dogs) and cloprostenol sodium (1 microg/kg [0.45 microg/lb], s.c., q 48 h). Both groups were treated until pregnancy termination. Results-Treatment success was 100% in both groups. Days of treatment required for pregnancy termination did not significantly differ between groups (5.0 +/- 0.6 vs 3.7 +/- 0.6 days, group-1 and group-2 dogs, respectively) although adverse effects only developed in group-1 dogs. At the end of the protocols, pseudopregnancy was observed in 3 of 12 and 6 of 13 group-1 and group-2 dogs, respectively. Pregnancy termination was followed by a mucoid sanguineous vulvar discharge for 3 to 10 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study indicate that protocols that combine the use of bromocriptine mesylate and prostaglandins for the termination of unwanted pregnancy in bitches are efficient and safe. The use of bromocriptine mesylate and cloprostenol had the best results and could be easily used on an outpatient basis.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1988

Dihydroergocristine in stopping lactation: double-blind study vs bromocriptine.

In a double-blind study vs bromocriptine, 30 women who wished to interrupt breast-feeding after a physiological delivery and at least 3 months of nursing were given at random 10 mg dihydroergocristine capsules or 2.5 mg bromocriptine capsules twice a day for 5 days, then 3 times a day for 5 days if treatment had failed to produce an effect. The parameters considered were PRL plasma levels, which were measured at baseline, on the 5th day and, where necessary, on the 10th day of treatment. Milk secretion, breast swelling and pain were recorded at baseline and daily during treatment. The appearance of any side-effect was accurately reported. A prolactin decrease was observed in both groups (p less than 0.01). After 5 days milk secretion was reduced more significantly in the dihydroergocristine group; after 10 days of treatment 6 cases treated with bromocriptine and 1 case treated with dihydroergocristine still revealed a low milk secretion. Breast congestion and pain were absent in both groups. As regards side-effects, a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (standing position) was reported in the bromocriptine group. Other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia and headache, were reported in 8 patients in the bromocriptine group vs 6 patients in the dihydroergocristine group.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vaginal bromocriptine--clinical and biochemical effects.

Adverse effects occur in over 50% of women taking oral bromocriptine, causing at least 10% to discontinue treatment. Although the drug is absorbed from the vagina and reportedly caused no side-effects in one patient intolerant of oral bromocriptine, long-term clinical effects of daily vaginal administration have not been assessed. We have now given bromocriptine vaginally for up to 2 years to 31 hyperprolactinemic and five normoprolactinemic women, 17 of whom were intolerant of oral bromocriptine. The drug was well absorbed from the vagina and a daily dosage of 2.5 mg lowered serum prolactin levels in 28 of the hyperprolactinemic women (in 11 to within normal limits), restored menstrual cyclicity, and abolished galactorrhea; one of the four infertile women conceived. Minor side-effects occurred in only three women. Vaginal administration is clinically effective, avoids the adverse effects of oral therapy and could be the first-line treatment for patients requiring bromocriptine.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1996

Relative resistance of a macroprolactinoma to bromocriptine therapy during pregnancy.

A woman presented with a pituitary macroadenoma with extensive suprasellar extension. Her initial response to bromocriptine therapy was good, allowing subsequent trans-sphenoidal surgical treatment. The tumor grew during pregnancy despite continued bromocriptine therapy, but it returned to prepregnancy size postdelivery. There have been conflicting reports regarding the growth of pituitary tumors in pregnancy. Most recognize that some growth may occur, but only a small percentage of patients are reported to become symptomatic from the growth. Resistance to bromocriptine has been reported in non-pregnant patients. Patients who have had surgery or radiation therapy and did not receive bromocriptine treatment during pregnancy have been reported to have symptomatic growth of their residual tumor. This case demonstrates an unusual tumor that became resistant to bromocriptine during pregnancy, but whose sensitivity to the drug returned postdelivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic profiles of prostate gland after the administration of prolactin and bromocriptine.

Wistar strain male albino rats were treated with prolactin (PRL) and bromocriptine to induce hyper- and hypoprolactinemia respectively and prostatic metabolic profiles were analysed. The energy metabolism of prostate was activated by PRL and inhibited by bromocriptine. The androgen-dependent metabolic phases of ventral prostate such as glycogenolysis, glycolysis, hexose monophosphate shunt were activated in the presence of PRL and inhibited in the presence of bromocriptine. The activities of markers of monosaccharide formation were elevated by PRL and inhibited by bromocriptine. The amino-acid oxidations and transaminations were accelerated by PRL and suppressed by bromocriptine. Hence, PRL-mediated activation of seminal plasma in the ventral prostate is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bromocriptine treatment of invasive giant prolactinomas involving the cavernous sinus: results of a long-term follow up.

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to observe long-term clinical outcomes in a group of patients treated with bromocriptine for invasive giant prolactinomas involving the cavernous sinus. METHODS: Data from 20 patients with invasive giant prolactinomas at the authors' institutions between July 1997 and June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria to qualify for study participation included: (1) tumor diameter greater than 4 cm, invading the cavernous sinus to an extent corresponding to Grade III or IV in the classification scheme of Knosp and colleagues; (2) serum prolactin (PRL) level greater than 200 ng/ml; and (3) clinical signs of hyperprolactinemia and mass effect. Among the 20 patients who met the criteria, six had undergone unsuccessful transcranial or transsphenoidal microsurgery prior to bromocriptine treatment and 14 patients received bromocriptine as the primary treatment. Eleven of the 20 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. After a mean follow-up period of 37.3 months, the clinical symptoms in all patients improved by different degrees. Tumor volume on magnetic resonance images was decreased by a mean of 93.3%. In 11 patients, the tumor had almost completely disappeared; in the other nine patients, residual tumor invaded the cavernous sinus. Visual symptoms improved in 13 of the patients who had presented with visual loss. Eight patients had normal PRL levels. The postoperative PRL level was more than 200 ng/ml in seven patients. During the course of drug administration, cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in one patient, who subsequently underwent transsphenoidal surgery. No case of apoplexy occurred during bromocriptine treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Dopamine agonist medications are effective as a first-line therapy for invasive giant prolactinomas, because they can significantly shrink tumor volume and control the PRL level. Tumor mass vanishes in some patients after bromocriptine treatment; in other patients with localized residual tumor, stereotactic radiosurgery is a viable option so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided. The application of radiotherapy does not reliably shrink tumor volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Bioactivity of plasma prolactin in ovariectomized, diethylstilbestrol-treated Long-Evans and Holtzman rats after thyrotropin-releasing hormone or bromocriptine administration.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and bromocriptine on plasma levels of biologically active prolactin in ovariectomized, diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated rats. Female Long-Evans and Holtzman rats were ovariectomized and each was given a subcutaneous implant of diethylstilbestrol (DES). One week later, groups of DES-treated rats were fitted with indwelling intra-atrial catheters, and 2 days later blood samples were withdrawn before and at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after intravenous administration of TRH (250, 500, or 1000 ng/rat). Blood samples were obtained from other groups at 4 weeks of DES treatment by orbital sinus puncture under ether anesthesia before and at 30, 60, and 120 min after bromocriptine administration (2.5 mg/rat sc). Plasma was assayed for prolactin by conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by Nb2 lymphoma bioassay (BA). Holtzman rats released significantly more prolactin following TRH than did Long-Evans rats when the RIA was used to measure prolactin. However, when the BA was used to assay prolactin in the same samples, the Long-Evans rats released more prolactin than did the Holtzman rats. In addition, the ratio of the BA to RIA values was significantly increased in both strains following TRH, but the greatest increase was observed in the Long-Evans rats, in which the ratio was 4.5 at the peak of the TRH-induced rise in plasma prolactin. Gel filtration chromatography of plasma obtained at 5 min after TRH treatment in Long-Evans rats revealed large molecular forms of prolactin with BA to RIA ratios of 4-5. In addition, monomeric prolactin had a BA to RIA ratio of 2. Bromocriptine treatment reduced prolactin levels in both strains, but the effect was more rapid in Holtzman than in Long-Evans rats. In addition, bromocriptine treatment of Holtzman, but not Long-Evans, rats significantly reduced the BA to RIA ratio of plasma prolactin. The results indicate that TRH and bromocriptine affect the release of biologically active prolactin to a greater extent than prolactin detected by antibody in the RIA, and that Long-Evans and Holtzman rats respond to these secretagogues differently with regard to BA to RIA comparisons.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bromocriptine and endocrine disorders.

Bromocriptine, a dopaminergic agonist, has been used to treat many endocrine disorders. In hyperprolactinemia associated with galactorrhea, amenorrhea, oligospermia, and impotence, bromocriptine reduces prolactin levels to normal and allows for satisfactory return of sexual and reproductive function in 90% of patients. In acromegaly, bromocriptine brings about subjective improvement in 75% of patients with reduction in growth-hormone levels to normal in 22% of patients. Bromocriptine has been used in premenstrual tension, functional infertility, Nelson's syndrome, and Cushing's disease with variable benefit. In low doses, side-effects are minimal. In higher doses, digital vasospasm and gastrointestinal bleeding have occurred. Although bromocriptine has been used in a wide variety of endocrine disorders, it appears to be most useful in treatment of male and female infertility associated with hyperprolactinemia.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1997

The long-term effects of pregnancy and bromocriptine treatment on prolactinomas--the value of radiologic studies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects of pregnancy and bromocriptine treatment on prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors in women undergoing infertility treatment for prolactinomas. METHODS: The records of 17 patients with prolactinomas were reviewed. Data regarding age, prepregnancy baseline and postpartum serum prolactin levels, and radiologic studies including CT or MRI were assessed. 16 patients were treated with bromocriptine before achieving pregnancy. Bromocriptine therapy was resumed after delivery for the duration of 1 to 14 years. RESULTS: 45% of pregnancies did not affect the size of prolactinomas, 27% of pregnancies showed a decrease in size of prolactinomas or radiologic evidence of resolution of the tumor and 27% of pregnancies demonstrated radiologic increase in the size of prolactinomas. CONCLUSIONS: It is safe for patients with prolactinomas to achieve pregnancy following bromocriptine treatment. Pregnancy may lead to a slight decrease in the size of prolactinomas, increase in size, no change, and in some cases, complete resolution. There were no visual field changes during the pregnancies. Pregnancy and long-term bromocriptine treatment may be helpful in reduction of the size of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Therapy of acromegaly using bromocriptine].

Oral administration of 1.0 or 2.5 mg bromocriptine (CB 154: 2-brom-alpha-ergocryptine) in nine of twelve patients with active acromegaly resulted in a reduction of growth hormone level by 80-90% over 8-10 hours. During treatment for 2-9 months with daily doses of 4.0 to 10.0 mg bromocriptine, there was a sustained reduction of growth hormone levels in these patients. At the same time soft-tissue swellings and tendency towards sweating decreased. In two patients with diabetes mellitus the blood sugar profile improved and in one of them the insulin dose could be markedly reduced. The rise in growth hormone levels after TRH administration also occurred during bromocriptine treatment. In those patients in whom growth hormone levels failed to react to either acute or chronic administration of bromocriptine no rise followed TRH administration. It is possible that in these patients there is a hypophyseal adenoma without hypothalamic control. On gradually increasing dosage bromocriptine was tolerated without side effects.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2004

Effect of bromocriptine on cell apoptosis and proliferation in GH3 cell culture.

OBJECTIVES: In our study, with the use of GH3 cells line we decided to examine 1) what is the relation between the dose of bromocriptine and the development of apoptosis in GH3 cells 2) whether the induction of apoptosis is accompanied by alterations in bcl-2 and p53 content and 3) whether dibutyryl-cAMP or phorbol esters affect the initiation of apoptosis in GH3 cells. RESULTS: The current study demonstrated the absence of alterations in GH3 cells incubated for 24 h with bromocriptine at the concentrations of up to 15 micromol/l. Apoptotic and necrotic changes were observed after 48 h incubation with bromocriptine at the concentrations of 25 micromol/l. The ratio of necrotic to apoptotic cells increased at 40 micromol/l of bromocriptine concentration. An inhibitory effect of bromocriptine on cell proliferation was also observed. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), at concentrations ranging between 25 ng to 200 ng/ml, reduced the amount of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: Application of dibutyryl-cAMP at the concentration of 1 to 8 mmol/l resulted in an inhibition of apoptosis, followed by an increase in the number of cultured cells. Ultrastructural studies showed evident apoptotic lesions in the cells.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1992

[Use of low doses of bromocriptine in chronic schizophrenia resistant to neuroleptics. A preliminary study].

In this work, we report the efficiency of bromocriptine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/day) in 9 neuroleptic resistant chronic schizophrenics. Following an initial four-week placebo period, the subjects successively received bromocriptine (1.25 mg/day), placebo and bromocriptine (2.5 mg/day). The 2 bromocriptine treatments significantly improved the global psychiatric symptomatology and different scores and factors related to the more specific schizophrenic symptomatology. An escape phenomenon seems to occur during the 4th week of the first bromocriptine treatment (1.25 mg/day) but is not observed with the second treatment (2.5 mg/day). All patients improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Acute myocardial infarction probably induced by the oral administration of bromocriptine: a case report].

This is a report of a case of acute myocardial infarction which was probably induced by the oral administration of bromocriptine. A 55-year-old man was admitted because of suspected hypothyroidism and dwarfism. The endocrinological examination revealed primary hypothyroidism, and levothyroxine sodium replacement therapy was started. Nine days later, the bromocriptine test was performed for dwarfism. Two hours after the oral administration of 2.5 mg bromocriptine, he had severe chest pain associated with loss of consciousness and hypotension. His electrocardiogram showed marked ST depression and T wave inversion, but no abnormal Q waves. Serial myocardial enzymes and electrocardiograms confirmed acute non-transmural myocardial infarction. During coronary angiography performed about three months later, coronary arterial spasm was induced by the intravenous administration of ergonovine maleate. This experience suggests that bromocriptine, a derivative of ergot alkaloids, can cause coronary arterial spasm, and subsequent myocardial infarction. To our knowledge, bromocriptine-induced myocardial infarction has not been previously reported in Japan.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Controlled trial of the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine (Parlodel) in the treatment of severe cyclical mastalgia.

Fifty pre-menopausal women with severe and persistent cyclical mastalgia entered this randomised, double-blind, parallel group study comparing bromocriptine and placebo. Patients were treated for three months followed by a further three months on the same medication if treatment was satisfactory. Symptoms were assessed before treatment and after one, two and three months of treatment. For patients whose mastalgia was not controlled after three months, the treatment code was broken and either the dose of bromocriptine increased or the patient given active medication instead of placebo. Bromocriptine, compared with placebo, caused a significant (p less than 0.01) and sustained improvement in breast pain, tenderness and nodularity together with a reduction in serum prolactin levels (p less than 0.01). Adverse events were experienced by 9/23 (39 per cent) of patients taking bromocriptine and 2/22 (nine per cent) taking placebo. The majority of side effects reported were mild or moderate. This study shows that bromocriptine, at a dose of 5 mg/day for three months, effectively controls the symptoms of cyclical mastalgia with minimal side effects.

Adult↗