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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Kinetics, mechanism, and spectroscopy of the reversible binding of nitric oxide to aquated iron(II). An undergraduate text book reaction revisited.

A detailed kinetic and mechanistic analysis of the classical "brown-ring" reaction of [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](2+) with NO was performed using stopped-flow and laser flash photolysis techniques at ambient and high pressure. The kinetic parameters for the "on" and "off" reactions at 25 degrees C were found to be k(on) = 1.42 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), DeltaH(++)(on) = 37.1 +/- 0.5 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++)(on) = -3 +/- 2 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++)(on) = +6.1 +/- 0.4 cm(3) mol(-1), and k(off) = 3240 +/- 750 s(-1), DeltaH(++)(off) = 48.4 +/- 1.4 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS(++)(off) = -15 +/- 5 J K(-1) mol(-1), DeltaV(++)(off) = +1.3 +/- 0.2 cm(3) mol(-1). These parameters suggest that both reactions follow an interchange dissociative (I(d)) ligand substitution mechanism, which correlates well with the suggested mechanism for the water exchange reaction on [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](2+). In addition, Mössbauer spectroscopy and EPR measurements were performed on the reaction product [Fe(H(2)O)(5)(NO)](2+). The Mössbauer and EPR parameters closely resemble those of the [FeNO](7) units in any of the other well-characterized nitrosyl complexes. It is concluded that its electronic structure is best described by the presence of high-spin Fe(III) antiferromagnetically coupled to NO(-) (S = 1) yielding the observed spin quartet ground state (S = (3)/(2)), i.e., [Fe(III)(H(2)O)(5)(NO(-))](2+), and not [Fe(I)(H(2)O)(5)(NO(+))](2+) as usually quoted in undergraduate text books.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed2006

Hydrogen peroxide clusters: the role of open book motif in cage and helical structures.

Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations using 6-31G*, 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets show that hydrogen peroxide molecular clusters tend to form hydrogen-bonded cyclic and cage structures along the lines expected of a molecule which can act as a proton donor as well as an acceptor. These results are reiterated by density functional theoretic (DFT) calculations with B3LYP parametrization and also by second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory using 6-31G* and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. Trends in stabilization energies and geometrical parameters obtained at the HF level using 6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets are similar to those obtained from HF/6-31G* calculation. In addition, the HF calculations suggest the formation of stable helical structures for larger clusters, provided the neighbors form an open book structure.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

The Eye Book of Master Peter of Spain--a glimpse of diagnosis and treatment of eye disease in the Middle Ages.

Peter Hispanus, who became Pope John XXI, wrote a book about eye diseases and their treatment in the 13th century. De Oculis was not a scholarly treatise about eye diseases, but a manual intended for general physicians. Nevertheless, Latin copies were made into the 16th century, indicating its influence and importance. We present the first published English translation of De Oculis, based on a synthesis of the medieval Latin manuscripts and a German translation from the 19th century. The sources of Peter's understanding of the causes and treatment of eye diseases were the more scholarly and complete treatises by Greek and Arab writers. Many of the diseases described then cannot be correlated precisely with ophthalmic disorders known to us today because of the limited understanding of anatomy, function and pathophysiology that existed. However, De Oculis provides us with a glimpse of the practice of medicine in the Middle Ages.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2005

A closed molecular cube and an open book: two different products from assembly of the same metal salt and bridging ligand.

Reaction of the bis-bidentate bridging ligand L1 with Co(ClO4)2 or Zn(BF4)2 affords a mixture of complexes [M8(L1)12]X16 and [M6(L1)9]X12 having the same metal : ligand ratio: the former is a molecular cube with a metal ion at each vertex and a bridging ligand spanning each edge, whereas the latter has a metal framework like that of an 'open book' containing cross-linked double helical metal-ligand subunits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Children in hospital: I. Survey of library and book provision.

Between 1989 and 1991 two related research projects were undertaken by the authors at the Department of Information and Library Studies, Aberystwyth, into services for children in hospital. This article summarizes the findings of the first of the projects, a survey of book and library services to children in hospital, giving a national profile of provision. It demonstrates a substantial provision of reading and other materials available to children in hospital but a small number of library services, as such. Nurses, teachers and hospital play staff generally exploited these materials for pleasure, educational and therapeutic purposes. The survey was based on questionnaires sent to all hospitals in the UK which treated children and was addressed, where possible, to hospital librarians, otherwise to the senior paediatric nurse. A shorter questionnaire was also addressed to all local authority Young People's and Schools Library services for a public library or school library perspective. Where there was evidence of the use of reading therapy, a further questionnaire was sent to explore its practice. A second article will discuss the results of the second project, which was devoted to a further exploration of reading therapy with children in hospital.

Bibliotherapy↗
PubMed2002

Estimation of energy intake in clinical practice: a comparison between a food record protocol and a precoded food record book.

The aim of this study was to compare energy intake estimated from a clinical food record protocol (CFRP) with that from a precoded food record book (PFRB) as reference method. Food and fluid consumption were recorded in 10 older patients using a CFRP in parallel with a PFRB during a 6-day period. The results showed that there were no significant differences in mean energy intake estimated from the CFRP as compared with that estimated from the PFRB. The correlation coefficient between the calculated daily energy intake from the CFRP and PFRB was 0.96. The differences in energy intake (kcal/day) between the CFRP and PFRB, plotted against their mean value for 10 patients, showed that results were within the limits of agreement (mean +/- 2SD) for nine patients. The differences in each day's energy intake between the two methods plotted against their mean value showed that 97% of the estimated daily energy intake was within the limits of agreement. The weighted kappa between the two methods was 0.76. The CFRP would seem to be acceptable for the estimation of mean energy intake in the hospital setting.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Displacing the "rule book" in caring for teen mothers.

Teen mothers most often appear in professional discourse as voiceless subjects who are to be "brought in line" with scientific norms. This paper challenges this scientific "rule book" and offers a corrective that recovers the practical and engaged reasoning of teen mothers and the public health nurses (PHNs) who serve them. This corrective approach validates and supports the "voices" of teen mothers and the clinical acumen of PHNs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[From the "Rothenfelser Denkschrift" to book IX of the German social code - Milestones of governmental responsibility for integrating people with chronic illness and disabilities in occupation and society].

After World War II, further development of the social protection schemes in place seemed an urgent requirement given a rapidly unfolding industrial society. At the request of Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, four renowned social scientists drafted the "Rothenfelser Denkschrift" published in 1955, which, on the basis of thorough analysis, presented concrete proposals for reshaping the field of social protection. Quite a few of these suggestions have since been incorporated in various books of the German social code, and some of their ideas are quite topical also in the context of the statutory health insurance reform to come. So, curative treatment and rehabilitation might both be considered indispensable constituents of health and social provision, with seamless transitions required in the interest of those affected as well as of meaningful utilization of resources.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

Developmental changes in the effect of inversion: using a picture book to investigate face recognition.

A novel child-oriented procedure was used to examine the face-recognition abilities of children as young as 2 years. A recognition task was embedded in a picture book containing a story about two boys and a witch. The story and the task were designed to be entertaining for children of a wide age range. In eight trials, the children were asked to pick out one of the boys from amongst eight distractors as quickly as possible. Response-time data to both upright and inverted conditions were analysed. The results revealed that children aged 6 years onwards showed the classic inversion effect. By contrast, the youngest children, aged 2 to 4 years, were faster at recognising the target face in the inverted condition than in the upright condition. Several possible explanations for this 'inverted inversion effect' are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Online referral and OPD booking from the GP desktop.

The Brisbane Inner South E-referral Project (BISEP) developed an application which allowed general practitioners, from their desktop, to successfully search for and book an available hospital outpatient appointment for patients with suspected cancer, send the referral electronically, and inform the patient of both the appointment and referral during the consultation. The hospital changed their outpatient department processes to allow such functionality for local GPs with patients with suspected cancer, working from a mutually agreed set of best practice referral criteria. A group of 19 GPs participated in an 11-week pilot implementation of the application, and were enthusiastic about continuing and expanding the approach. Patient satisfaction measures post intervention indicated that they perceived no major disadvantage in this form of outpatient department referral.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of book backpack load during walking.

This investigation evaluated accumulated mean and peak impact forces per stride and per metre associated with two book backpack loads and two cadences during single and double support phases of walking. Thirty college participants randomly performed three trials while either walking a self-selected cadence or fixed cadence without (empty pack) or with a load (15% body mass) carried in a bookbag. The fixed cadence (55.5 steps/min) was regulated by a metronome. A computerized Kistler force platform system (phase-locked timing device) recorded (200 Hz) three-dimensional reaction forces, impulses, and time in single and double support phases. A Panasonic video camera AG-450 was set perpendicular to the plane of walking motion to film (60 Hz) the walking pattern from which stride length and selected kinematic data were determined. Repeated measure ANOVA (p<0.05) determined differences of loads and cadences in walking. Accumulated force was evaluated as impulses per stride and impulses per metre (stress index). When carrying the 15% load, there was a decrease in speed, a decrease in single support time (SST), and an increase in double support time (DST). The impulses per stride significantly increased in DST, and significantly decrease in SST. When impulses were analysed per metre, the stress index signficantly increased in DST, but not during SST. These differences in SST may be important when load stress is applied to the single support leg/foot in any given distance of walking. While stride analysis identifies accumulative forces resulting from varying stride lengths, the stress index provides a standardized measure per metre of the accumulative forces that negate the variances of individual stride lengths, and the index measure can easily represent data for any given distance traversed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Books helpful to patients with sexual and marital problems.

Providing patients with helpful and timely resource materials requires clinicians to be familiar with an ever-changing and over-whelmingly large body of information. To assist clinicians in the task of assembling current useful materials, we surveyed members of the Society for Sex Therapy and Research by mail and an electronic listserve. The survey forms requested respondents to list books, videotapes, and Internet sites that they recommended to their patients with specific sexual/marital problems. Fifty-two of 216 surveys were returned for a response rate of 24%. Responses were included if they were cited at least three times. Each citation was verified for accuracy and developed into an acceptable journal-quality reference. Frequency counts for responses were calculated, and a bibliography was developed.

Communication↗
PubMed2002

Usefulness of risk scoring at booking for antenatal care in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome in a rural African setting.

Antenatal care (ANC) attempts to screen and provide surveillance and treatment to individuals according to the level of need. We assessed the value of antenatal risk allocation made at the first visit in identifying women who will experience pregnancy complications in a rural area in Zimbabwe. As part of an ANC trial women were allocated into low- and high-risk categories based on medical, demographic and obstetric history. All highrisk women were recommended hospital delivery. This evaluation is based on 5223 women who received traditional care from nurse-midwives in 12 rural health centres, of whom 2890 (55%) were classified as high risk by the traditional risk markers, including 1618 nulliparous women. Complications occurred in 924 (17.7%) women 577 (62.4%) of whom had risk markers identified at booking. Twenty per cent (577/2890) of women classified as high risk developed complications. There was a high recurrence of complications, such as hypertensive disorders, operative delivery and preterm delivery. Nulliparity was a risk for low birth weight, operative delivery and hypertensive disorders, whereas grandmultiparity (> or =6) was a risk for hypertension in pregnancy. Young age (< or =16 years) was)a risk factor for low birth weight and perinatal death. Age above 35 years was not an independent risk factor. The traditional risk allocation system, with a likelihood ratio of 1.16, was not effective in identifying women at risk of pregnancy complications and resulted in too large a risk group for referral.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Sociodemographic factors in anaemia in pregnancy at booking in Lagos, Nigeria.

Anaemia in pregnancy is a common problem in many developing countries. In Nigeria, it is responsible for 11.0% of maternal deaths. This study examined the sociodemographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) level <11 g/dl. Proportions were compared using the chi2 test. A total of 35.3% of the 374 women studied were anaemic. Anaemia was more common in primigravidae than in parous women of parity 2 - 4 (chi2 = 6.87; p = 0.0087). Low socioeconomic status, (chi2 = 24.67, p = 0.00090), short interval between pregnancies (chi2 = 20.34, p = 0.000144), booking in the third trimester (chi2 = 15.4, p = 0.00045) and recent febrile illness (chi2 = 6.80; p = 0.0091) were associated with anaemia. Women who only used haematenics were more anaemic than those who also used anti-malarial chemo-prophylaxis (chi2 = 57.32, p = 0.00001). Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with several social and demographic factors. To reduce the prevalence of anaemia women need to have a good formal education, be economically empowered and good antenatal care must be made available, accessible and affordable to all women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The life of family trees and the Book of Icelanders.

This article discusses the tracing of family histories and competing assumptions about identities and relatedness in the era of biotechnology and biopower. Although the fascination with genealogical trees and family histories is common throughout the West, in Iceland this attraction is extreme. A genealogical database for most of the Icelandic population, the so-called Book of Icelanders, is being constructed as part of a larger biogenetic enterprise that seeks to establish the presumed genetic causes of common diseases for the purpose of developing pharmaceutical products. The discussion explores the changing implications of family trees as they become enmeshed in biomedical projects and political debates. Genealogical records, I suggest, are never innocent phenomena; this is because they have a social life of their own, a biography informed by the contours of the cultural landscapes to which they belong.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2002

The Book of Job: a 2,500-year-old current guide to the practice of oncology: the nexus of medicine and spirituality.

GOALS: To establish the role of ancient literature and religious tradition to the modern practice of oncology; foster awareness of practicing in a historical context resulting from different traditions; and propose a spiritual context for the practice of oncology and explore methods to highlight this perspective in cancer education. METHOD: Contextual and content analysis of a religious text shared by the most common religious traditions of the West (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam). RESULTS: The origin of suffering eludes all logical explanations. All religious traditions affirm that the sufferer should be heard, cared for, and kept part of the human consortium, and under no circumstances blamed for the disease. In terms of oncology practice this means that the treatment should be negotiated with the patient according to his or her need; that physicians' obligations for care continues after the treatment fails, and that patients' lifestyles or poor compliance should not be blamed for poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The Book of Job supports a spiritual perspective in oncology practice, indicating that patient care is a holistic endeavor. This perspective is the key to dealing with common interactive problems, such as adversarial relations between patient and provider in face of death and suffering, and more important, may promote care beyond treatment of the disease.

Bible↗
PubMed1996

Robert Wartenberg: stormy petrel of neurology; rebel of book reviewers.

This "Sherlock Holmes" in the discipline of neurology, always searching for truth accuracy and dependability of researcher, clinician or writer, advanced his endowment into book reviewing. His acrid criticism was accurate, for the succeeding edition always embodied all recommendations, but at all times everyone benefited from the Wartenberg warmth, for he never made enemies with his microscopic scrutiny of facts in his unique but complete review of a tome.

History, 20th Century↗