Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Biomedical Technology”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Policy implications of the diffusion and control of medical technology.

Medical technology has become a controversial national policy issue, largely because of rapidly rising national health expenditures and their relation to medical technology. These costs are increasingly viewed in relation to benefits or effectiveness. Attempts to control medical technology, to consider benefits in relation to costs, have largely been regulatory, and have failed to ameliorate cost rises. This failure has stimulated consideration of the reimbursement system as a controlling device. The Medicare program already has developed a rather formal process for making reimbursement decisions based on technology assessments. However, fundamental reform of the reimbursement system seems necessary to counter perverse incentives built into payment. Recent proposals to shift to prospective payment is an example of such a change. However, the basically private nature of the health care system and the limited leverage of the Medicare program limits the power of the federal government to make change.

Communication↗
PubMed1977

CAT scanners: the Swedish experience.

Today, managers are being asked to analyze and justify the costs for new and expensive equipment. In the case of the CAT Scanner, however, there has been little "hard" information available. To fill the gap, the authors present the findings of several Swedish studies that compare the uses and the costs of the CAT Scanner with other diagnostic techniques.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1999

Assessing the use of nuclear medicine technology in sub-Saharan Africa: the essential equipment list.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the survey was to determine the core equipment required in a nuclear medicine department in public hospitals in Kenya and South Africa, and evaluate the capital investment requirements. METHODS: Physical site audits of equipment and direct interviews of medical and clinical engineering professionals were performed, as well as examination of tender and purchase documents, maintenance payment receipts, and other relevant documents. Originally, 10 public hospitals were selected: 6 referral and 4 teaching hospitals. The 6 referral hospitals were excluded from the survey due to lack of essential documents and records on equipment. The medical and technical staff from these hospitals were, however, interviewed on equipment usage and technical constraints. Data collection was done on-site and counter-checked against documents provided by the hospital administration. RESULTS: A list of essential equipment for a nuclear medicine department in sub-Saharan Africa was identified. Quotations for equipment were provided by all major equipment suppliers, local and international. CONCLUSION: A nuclear medicine department requires eight essential pieces of equipment to operate in sub-Saharan Africa. Two additional items are desirable but not essential.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed1998

Ending the technology paradox: healthcare management technologies for clinical decision making.

As this article has shown, advances are beginning to put an end to the technology paradox that has hindered the industry's efforts to manage care better. Whereas in the past the management side of the healthcare industry has been slow to adopt new technologies, recent years have seen an explosion in the development and use of new tools for managing care. Most of these tools have traditionally focused on managing the administrative and financial aspects of providing care; however, that has also begun to change. Software systems incorporating clinical decision support criteria permit healthcare professionals to make clinical decision-making part of the care management process conveniently and efficiently. Clinical decision support criteria are also helping to change the focus of managed care. At the beginning of the managed care era, insurers and managed care companies concentrated primarily on reigning in costs, in many cases by restricting the types and duration of care provided to their members. Although these restrictions succeeded in conserving resources, they also helped foster an uneasy atmosphere between payers and providers, many of whom felt that their clinical judgment was too often overruled by the "bean counters." At the same time, many healthcare consumers grew to distrust both managed care professionals and providers, feeling that medical decisions were often made for the wrong reasons. However, as managed care companies have acknowledged that the most efficient way to provide care is to provide appropriate care, the focus has begun to move toward the clinical side of healthcare. Although healthcare organizations are still relying on financial management tools, they are also looking for systems that can make the clinical decision-making process more efficient and effective. The end result is that the healthcare industry is able to assure the best, most appropriate treatment while conserving resources. With the constant stream of new technologies into the healthcare management arena, healthcare professionals will have access to new tools to make the management process even more efficient. The healthcare industry's technology paradox will soon be a thing of the past.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed2000

Economic evaluation studies in nuclear medicine: a methodological review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The growing need for evaluation of the utility of new nuclear medicine technologies has spawned a few economic studies ranging from preliminary indications of cost savings to complete decision analysis models incorporating costs and quality of life. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the methodological quality of economic analyses of nuclear medicine procedures which targeted cost-effectiveness or cost-utility issues published in the medical literature during the years 1985-1999. METHODS: A computerized literature search was used to identify original investigations from the medical literature which included an economic analysis of a nuclear medicine procedure. Each economic analysis article was evaluated by two independent reviewers for adherence to ten accepted methodological criteria. RESULTS: Of the 29 articles meeting the search criteria, only six (21%) conformed to all ten methodological criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Published economic analyses of nuclear medicine procedures usually do not meet accepted methodological standards and could be significantly improved to achieve overall better quality relative to similar analyses in the literature from other medical fields. Continued improvement in the number and quality of economic studies is critically needed for the future competitiveness of nuclear medicine studies.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed2000

Clinical trials of cost effectiveness in technology evaluation.

This article discusses models of efficacy, design of clinical trials and the role of mathematical modeling in diagnostic technology evaluation and determination of cost-effectiveness. A multi-tiered model of efficacy, which views diagnostic imaging as part of a global process of patient management and outcome, has been described. The first tier involves imaging efficacy, which must be determined by clinical trial. Direct comparison of new and established modalities in a single study population has major advantages over randomized controlled trials, which are extremely costly and time-consuming and are not appropriate for most evaluations of diagnostic modalities. Selection of patients for inclusion in the trial, interpretation and verification of results, and determination of a reference standard are all possible sources of bias, which need to be identified and controlled. Decision analysis modeling can be used to assess diagnostic, therapeutic, patient-outcome and cost efficacy, once imaging efficacy has been evaluated by clinical trial. Decision analysis is easier and less expensive to perform than clinical trials, and results are easily generalizable to other settings. Disadvantages arise from the nondescriptive nature of modeling and lack of transparency, which make it difficult to evaluate the appropriateness of decision tree structures and input data. Modeling is an unavoidable fact of life in technology evaluation, since the resources that would be required for full evaluation of imaging modalities by clinical trial are not available.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The timing of medical technology acquisition: strategic decision making in turbulent environments.

Healthcare decision makers and researchers have long been interested in the factors behind medical technology acquisition. The rate of environmental change in recent years has dramatically affected technology acquisition decision making in acute care hospitals. This study examines the relative role of decision-maker influence and environmental factors on the timing of MRI acquisition in hospitals operating in three western states with different levels of environmental uncertainty. The results suggest that the relative influence of decision makers and environmental factors on innovation acquisition timing varies depending on environmental turbulence, and that hospitals acquire new technology as one way of controlling the turbulence in their environments.

California↗