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PubMedDate not supplied

The Wentworth Center for Clinical Engineering: a collaborative and interactive venture.

A program has been developed in Boston to bring together hospital and industrial biomedical engineers, BMETs, CEs, nurses, physicians, the Massachusetts Medical Devices Society, academic engineering technologists, and students. This program is headquartered at the Center for Clinical Engineering at the Wentworth Institute of Technology, and is designed to serve and support the interests of the participants for educational, professional, networking and interdisciplinary activities. Because of the availability of engineering technology programs at Wentworth, and the willingness of local professionals to participate, a comprehensive and unique program has been developed to train BMETs and CEs. This program emphasizes hands-on electronic technology, biomedical lectures and laboratories, management lectures and in-hospital preceptorships under the supervision of BMETs, CEs, biomedical directors and nurses.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2005

A new paradigm for graduate research and training in the biomedical sciences and engineering.

98Emphasis on the individual investigator has fostered discovery for centuries, yet it is now recognized that the complexity of problems in the biomedical sciences and engineering requires collaborative efforts from individuals having diverse training and expertise. Various approaches can facilitate interdisciplinary interactions, but we submit that there is a critical need for a new educational paradigm for the way that we train biomedical engineers, life scientists, and mathematicians. We cannot continue to train graduate students in isolation within single disciplines, nor can we ask any one individual to learn all the essentials of biology, engineering, and mathematics. We must transform how students are trained and incorporate how real-world research and development are done-in diverse, interdisciplinary teams. Our fundamental vision is to create an innovative paradigm for graduate research and training that yields a new generation of biomedical engineers, life scientists, and mathematicians that is more diverse and that embraces and actively pursues a truly interdisciplinary, team-based approach to research based on a known benefit and mutual respect. In this paper, we describe our attempt to accomplish this via focused training in biomechanics, biomedical optics, mathematics, mechanobiology, and physiology. The overall approach is applicable, however, to most areas of biomedical research.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed1996

Modelling nanoscale fluid dynamics and transport in physiological flows.

The concept of nanotechnology is discussed, and its connection with biomedical engineering is elucidated. For the specific field of nanoscale flow and transport problems of physiological relevance, some typical examples are presented, and their interaction is discussed for some classic biomechanical problems like the flow in arteries with blood-wall coupling. Then, existing computational models are presented and classified according to the length scale of interest, with emphasis on particle-fluid problems. Final remarks address the essential unity of biomedical and engineering behaviour and the possible relevance to small-scale industrial research.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1999

Metabolic engineering.

Metabolic engineering is the science that combines systematic analysis of metabolic and other pathways with molecular biological techniques to improve cellular properties by designing and implementing rational genetic modifications. As such, metabolic engineering deals with the measurement of metabolic fluxes and elucidation of their control as determinants of metabolic function and cell physiology. A novel aspect of metabolic engineering is that it departs from the traditional reductionist paradigm of cellular metabolism, taking instead a holistic view. In this sense, metabolic engineering is well suited as a framework for the analysis of genome-wide differential gene expression data, in combination with data on protein content and in vivo metabolic fluxes. The insights of the integrated view of metabolism generated by metabolic engineering will have profound implications in biotechnological applications, as well as in devising rational strategies for target selection for screening candidate drugs or designing gene therapies. In this article we review basic concepts of metabolic engineering and provide examples of applications in the production of primary and secondary metabolites, improving cellular properties, and biomedical engineering.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2006

Bioengineering assessment of acupuncture, part 1: thermography.

In Western society, acupuncture is becoming a popular complementary method to medical treatment. However, a scientific understanding of acupuncture has not been completely developed but will absolutely be necessary for the increased acceptance of acupuncture by the Western medical community. This first part of the review article describes, in a general introduction, milestones of acupuncture research within the last 30 years and in a specific part the possibilities and limitations of infrared thermography, a noninvasive biomedical engineering method, within acupuncture research.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2004

The evolution and future of minimalism in neurological surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of the field of neurological surgery has been marked by a progressive minimalism. This has been evident in the development of an entire arsenal of modern neurosurgical enterprises, including microneurosurgery, neuroendoscopy, stereotactic neurosurgery, endovascular techniques, radiosurgical systems, intraoperative and navigational devices, and in the last decade, cellular and molecular adjuvants. AIMS: In addition to reviewing the major developments and paradigm shifts in the cyclic reinvention of the field as it currently stands, this paper attempts to identify forces and developments that are likely to fuel the irresistible escalation of minimalism into the future. These forces include discoveries in computational science, imaging, molecular science, biomedical engineering, and information processing as they relate to the theme of minimalism. DISCUSSION: These areas are explained in the light of future possibilities offered by the emerging field of nanotechnology with molecular engineering.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2006

Interactive cell modeling web-resource, iCell, as a simulation-based teaching and learning tool to supplement electrophysiology education.

An interactive cell modeling web site, iCell (http://ssd1.bme.memphis.edu/icell/), that integrates research and education, was developed to present and to disseminate JAVA-coded models of cellular activities, and to supplement physiology education. iCell can be used to supplement the text-book material as a simulation-based teaching and learning tool. Specifically, iCell allows the students to supplement their learning experiences of the text-book cellular physiology material by running simulations in an interactive environment. The site consists of JAVA-coded models of various cardiac cells and neurons, and provides simulation data of their bioelectric transport activities at cellular level. Each JAVA-coded model allows the user to go through menu options to change model parameters, run and view simulation results. The site also has a glossary section for the scientific terms. iCell has been used as a teaching and learning tool for seven graduate courses at the Joint Biomedical Engineering Program of University of Memphis and University of Tennessee. This modeling tool was also used as a collaboration site among our physiology colleagues interested in simulations of cell membrane activities. Scientists from the fields of biosciences, engineering, life sciences and medical sciences in 17 countries have tested and utilized iCell as a simulation-based teaching, learning and collaboration environment. iCell provides us with an interactive, platform-independent, and user-friendly teaching and learning resource, and also a collaboration environment for electrophysiology to be shared over the Internet. The usage of simulations for teaching and learning will continue advancing simulation-based engineering and sciences for research and development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multi-channel simultaneous data acquisition and waveform generator system designed for medical applications.

To meet the needs of our research programmes on auditory prostheses for the totally deaf, a 15-channel data acquisition and waveform generator system with flexible triggering, pacing and linking was developed. It allows both synchronous and asynchronous operation at high speed. Each channel of the system, which is controlled by a simple personal computer, has an on-board microcontroller, a 512 kWord signal memory, a voltage input and both voltage and current outputs. The system includes a master pacer and trigger unit with elaborate hardware and software triggering options. This paper describes the system hardware and the software used to control it. Finally, some of its application are demonstrated. The flexibility of the system makes it widely applicable in the field of biomedical engineering.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluating technology service options.

Four service and support options are available to healthcare organizations for maintaining their growth arsenals of medical and information technology. These options include maintaining and servicing all equipment using a facility-based biomedical engineering and MIS service department; using a combination of facility-based service and subcontracted service; expanding facility-based biomedical and MIS service departments to provide service to other healthcare organizations to achieve economies of scale; and outsourcing all maintenance, repair, and technical support services. Independent service companies and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are offering healthcare organizations a wider array of service and support capabilities than ever before. However, some health systems have successfully developed their own independent service organizations to take care of their own--and other healthcare organizations'--service and support needs.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2002

Computer-assisted laser photocoagulation of the retina--a hybrid tracking approach.

A system for robotically assisted retinal surgery has been developed to rapidly and safely place lesions on the retina for photocoagulation therapy. This system provides real-time, motion stabilized lesion placement for typical irradiation times of 100 ms. The system consists of three main subsystems: a digital-based global tracking subsystem; a fast, analog local tracking subsystem; and a confocal reflectance subsystem to control lesion parameters dynamically. We have reported previously on these individual subsystems. This paper concentrates on the development of a second hybrid system prototype. Considerable progress has been made toward reducing the footprint of the optical system, simplifying the user interface, fully characterizing the analog tracking system, using measurable lesion reflectance parameters to develop a noninvasive method to infer lesion depth, and integrating the subsystems into a seamless hybrid system. These system improvements and progress toward a clinically significant system are covered in detail within this paper. The tracking algorithms and concepts developed for this project have considerable potential for application in many other areas of biomedical engineering.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolution of medical informatics societies in the United States.

Medical informatics, the application of computers to medicine, was supported by engineering groups in the 1950s, by biomedical engineering societies in the 1960s, and by medical informatics organizations in the 1970s and 1980s. Because of the highly specialized and technical nature of medical informatics, the dissemination of early articles on the subject was largely dependent on publication of the proceedings and transactions of meetings of professional organizations. The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) was recently formed from the merger of three professional organizations, each dedicated to medical informatics: the American Association for Medical systems and Informatics (AAMSI), the American College for Medical Informatics (ACMI), and the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC). An increase in professional interest and activity in medical informatics is anticipated in the 1990s.

Directories as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioengineering education, 1986-Part II.

This paper presents an overview of the biomedical engineering programs located in the states of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Two-year, four-year, and graduate programs are described, including contact information, course requirements, and prerequisites. As Part II of the Journal's continuing series on education, the intent of the paper is not to evaluate each program, but to illustrate the breadth of biomedical and related engineering education programs available today and to serve as a useful reference to such programs.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomedical equipment considerations for aeromedical transports.

Due to the eight stresses of flight and Federal Aeronautics Administration (FAA) requirements, biomedical equipment that is utilized in aeromedical transports presents certain challenges that the biomedical department should be aware of. U.S. Air Force military studies of a large number of specific models are available through the government. This author recommends prepurchase flight tests and input from flight crews to ensure safe operation of any new equipment. The equipment should also be designed for air transport. Permanent pacemakers should be programmed to a non-atrial sensing mode or an asynchronous mode before the patient is on board the aircraft. Temporary pacers and automatic defibrillators should also be set to a mode where the vibrations of flight will not trigger any errant behavior. With the proper precautions, aeromedical transports will continue to be a rapidly growing transport system for both trauma patients and intrahospital transfers. With a little research, the biomedical engineer can also be a valuable asset to the ground support crew.

Aircraft↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Edlich drive: a metaphor for the Edlich tradition.

Richard F. Edlich, MD, the Raymond F. Morgan Professor of Plastic Surgery and Professor of Biomedical Engineering, has been honored with the naming of a new road at North Fork Business Park: Edlich Drive. North Fork Business Park is a high-technology center for biomedical research, and the designation of this new road celebrates Dr. Edlich's instrumental role in the formation of a successful partnership between the University of Virginia and private industry. This partnership provides a mechanism to move technology from the laboratory to the marketplace and, ultimately, to the patient's bedside. Dr. Edlich's unparalleled contributions to his community include the establishment of the Emergency Department at the University of Virginia, the implementation of a regional emergency medical system, and the development of the Pegasus Emergency Flight Operations. Other accomplishments include the founding of the Ira DeCamp Regional Burn Center and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine. "Drive" aptly characterizes Dr. Edlich's unfailing commitment to his many roles as physician, research scientist, community leader, and mentor for medical students and residents.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technical note: Rationale, development, use and evaluation of an equipment management and image storage system.

Lack of space and organization have become significant problems in the contemporary business world. Modern industries must eliminate mountains of paper and better organize themselves. With the incorporation of a fully automated equipment management system and image storage system, the Jacobi Medical Center has succeeded in correcting these problems. This technical note shows how the use of computer software and hardware components can be integrated to manage electronic patient care equipment. The adoption of this new technology was applied to equipment maintenance, tracking and record-keeping, thereby accomplishing the aims of space conservation and organization. As the components became more advanced, the technology included computer software products that could store more information and electronically effect a more rapid document retrieval. This will eventually allow for a paperless operation. The latest available equipment management software is supported by an image storage system that may contain important signature documents and outside vendor information. The applicability of these systems to the biomedical engineering field is obvious: (a) space efficiency eliminates folders and files; (b) simultaneous technician access to equipment history; and (c) rapid archive retrieval of data as well as vendor information and safety alerts.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focus on: Woodland Heights Medical Center, Biomedical Department.

The Biomedical Engineering department of Woodland Heights Medical Center provides both emergency and scheduled medical equipment maintenance. Throughout the growth of the community and the acquisition of advanced, state-of-the art technology, the biomedical staff have endeavored to sharpen necessary skills and expand services in an effort to meet the equipment and user needs in a growing market. An unusual combination of medical repair technology and the management of total hospital risk has resulted in the creation of a new department.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Productivity and cost-effectiveness of clinical engineering.

Finances have become the dominant concern of hospital administrators and department heads. Clinical Engineering (CE) can make significant contributions to the financial health of a hospital by increasing CE departmental productivity and by improving the utilization of resources in clinical departments. Several measures of productivity and cost-effectiveness have been applied to the Biomedical Engineering Department of the University Medical Center. The Department provides a wide range of technical services that are integrated into the clinical and administrative activities of the hospital. The Department has accumulated data regarding the financial benefits provided to the hospital, and the data reveal significant savings which show that CE can be viewed as a cost-effective investment. The greatest savings occur in capital equipment acquisition (selection and installation) and maintenance, and result from CE involvement in clinical activities and administrative decision making.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2005

Selective laser sintering of biocompatible polymers for applications in tissue engineering.

The ability to use biological substitutes to repair or replace damaged tissues lead to the development of Tissue Engineering (TE), a field that is growing in scope and importance within biomedical engineering. Anchorage dependent cell types often rely on the use of temporary three-dimensional scaffolds to guide cell proliferation. Computer-controlled fabrication techniques such as Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes have been recognised to have an edge over conventional manual-based scaffold fabrication techniques due to their ability to create structures with complex macro- and micro-architectures. Despite the immense capabilities of RP fabrication for scaffold production, commercial available RP modelling materials are not biocompatible and are not suitable for direct use in the fabrication of scaffolds. Work is carried out with several biocompatible polymers such as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and a bioceramic namely, Hydroxyapatite (HA). The parameters of the selective laser sintering (SLS) process are optimised to cater to the processing of these materials. SLS-fabricated scaffold specimens are examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results observed from the micrographs indicate the viability of them being used for building TE scaffolds and ascertain the capabilities of the SLS process for creating highly porous scaffolds for Tissue Engineering applications.

Biocompatible Materials↗