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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cloth color preference under the influences of body heating due to hot bath immersion.

The experiment is aimed at knowing the effect of "body heating" on color preference. Eleven subjects with normal color vision served as subjects. Two tests, one of the "No Bath" and the other of the "Bath" were conducted. Hot bath immersion with 38.5 degrees C was performed for 30 min from 07:30 h to 08:00 h. Then, they were instructed to choose a single colored cloth out of 41 cloth colors (24 x 52 cm), preferred by themselves, every five min from 08:00 h to 09:00 h under the ambient temperature (Ta) of 27 degrees C. Most subjects preferred cooler color after "body heating" than after "not body heating". This finding was discussed in terms of greater differences between core temperature and its set point after "body heating", because cooler color would be helpful psychologically in allowing raised core temperature approach its set point.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Regular sauna bathing and the incidence of common colds.

The high morbidity of common colds means that their economic importance is considerable, with colds causing more loss of productivity than any other infection. As no effective prophylaxis is available, this trial was to test the hypothesis that sauna bathing can reduce the incidence of common colds. Twenty-five volunteers were submitted to sauna bathing, with 25 controls abstaining from this or comparable procedures. In both groups the frequency, duration and severity of common colds were recorded for six months. There were significantly fewer episodes of common cold in the sauna group. This was found particularly during the last three months of the study period when the incidence was roughly halved compared to controls. The mean duration and average severity of common colds did not differ significantly between the groups. It is concluded that regular sauna bathing probably reduces the incidence of common colds, but further studies are needed to prove this.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiological analysis of deaths occurring while taking a bath].

An epidemiological analysis of deaths occurring while taking a bath was carried out in Tochigi Prefecture. Data concerning the numbers of deaths were obtained from the Tochigi Central Police Office. Long-term assessments from 1978 to 1992 were completed for a total number of 1,348 persons (793 men and 555 women). The annual number of deaths during taking a bath increased gradually from 43 in 1978 to 140 in 1992. Death occurred 1.43 times more frequently in males than in females. The number during summer was only one eighth that of the winter peak. In addition, the increase in mortality was proportional to age. The mortality figures per 100,000 were, 10 for 40-49 age group, 31 for 50-59, 79 for 60-69, 251 for 70-79 and 469 for those 80 and over. It is concluded that the number of deaths occurring while taking a bath has increased gradually in those 80 or over.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cardiovascular responses in a whirlpool bath at 40 degrees C versus user-controlled water temperatures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular responses in a whirlpool bath at 40 degrees C versus user-controlled water temperature (UCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an experimental study, six healthy men, 36 to 43 years of age, participated in two randomly assigned trials of whirlpool bath use for 25 minutes at 40 degrees C and UCT. Water temperature, esophageal temperature (Tes) heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and perceived comfort were monitored before immersion and at 5-minute intervals during immersion. RESULTS: Although the mean water temperature during the UCT trial was slightly below 40 degrees C (39.4 +/- 2.0 degrees C), it varied considerably among subjects (from 36.5 +/- 2.1 degrees C to 42.5 +/- 1.7 degrees C). Peak Tes9 HR, and SBP were not significantly different between the two trials, although the UCT trial had greater variability. No adverse effects were observed. Mild or moderate overheating was reported by four subjects in the 40 degrees C trial and two subjects in the UCT trial, and mild chest pain, light-headedness, dyspnea, and nausea were reported by one subject during the UCT trial. A trend toward higher comfort ratings was noted in the UCT than in the 40 degrees C trial, especially during the final 10 minutes of immersion. CONCLUSION: These data show that cardiovascular responses to whirlpool bathing for 25 minutes at 40 degrees C are mild. In comparison with the 40 degrees C trial, peak Tes9, HR, and SBP under UCT conditions were not, on the average, significantly higher, although more variability existed among the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of sodium chloride baths on the physical work capacity and extrasystole of patients with ischemic heart disease and stable stenocardia].

73 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stable angina pectoris of NYHA class I and II underwent balneotherapy. 43 of them took a course of sodium chloride baths, 30 control patients took common water baths. As shown by spiroveloergometry and Holter monitoring, sodium chloride baths are a good training modality in IHD patients. They enhance muscular performance and coronary heart reserve, reduce the mean 24-h number of ventricular extrasystoles by 49.9%, supraventricular extrasystoles by 57.5%.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1999

[A sudden death case in the bath with peculiar scald].

A 60-year-old man was found dead in the bathtub of his house on the 2nd of February. Erythema with a clear border was observed on the right side of the face, trunk and around the knees, though the left side of the face, the hips and the feet were normal. The water heater was set outside of the bath, and the heated water flowed from the heater to the bath through the upper pipe. In order to determine the mechanism of the peculiar scalding, changes in the water temperature in the bathtub were measured under the same conditions. An hour after turning on the water heater, the surface water temperature of the bath was 73 degrees C. Zonal gradation of the temperature was observed. At the level of the opening for the lower intake pipe, it was 50 degrees C. The border of the scalding was consistent with the water layer above 50 degrees C.

Baths↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of nitrogen baths and exercise in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease complicated by arrhythmia].

The study was made of 111 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who had stable angina pectoris of functional class I and II, extracyctoles. They received artificial nitric baths (n = 44, group 1), artificial nitric baths plus bicycle exercise (n = 37, group 2), fresh water baths (n = 30, group 3). As shown by the results of spiroveloergometry and Holter ECG monitoring, patients of group 1 and 2 benefited more. The average number of ventricular and supraventricular extracyctoles reduced daily by 30.4-36.4 and 59.9-64.2% in group 1 and 2, respectively.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2003

No-rinse, one-step bed bath: the effects on the occurrence of skin tears in a long-term care setting.

As the population ages, the occurrence of skin tears becomes a common concern for those providing care. Skin tears are painful and increase the cost of caring for residents in long-term care facilities. Records of 29 bed-bound residents at a 72-bed, long-term care facility were reviewed to ascertain the effects of changing from using soap and water to a no-rinse formula for bathing on the occurrence of skin tears. The effect of the bathing change on nursing practice, patient care outcomes, and cost of patient care also were examined. When the new bath procedure was used, the number of skin tears decreased from 13 in the first month to one in the fourth month, affecting both caregiver time and cost. The observed reduction in the occurrence of skin tears was estimated to result in an annual decrease in cost $2,446.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Unveiling meanings of the first in-bed patient bathing to students at a school of nursing assistants].

The present study aims to unveiling the meanings of first inbed patient bathing for students of a school of nursing assistants. The present study had a qualitative design and counted with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Study participants were six students. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured interview; and discourse analysis was done with a hermeneutic approach (RICOUER, 1990; MOTTA, 1997; CROSSETTI, 1997). Topics unveiled were both the act of facing a new situation and inbed bathing as a moment of providing healthcare. We believe that the understanding of these meanings is essential for the planning of healthcare teaching, helping students to overcome difficulties during inbed bathing.

Baths↗
PubMed1992

[Development and monitoring of the hygienic water quality at bathing facilities in northwest Germany from 1989 to 1991].

Since the introduction and strict application of EC guidelines on the monitoring of bathing waters began in Lower Saxony in 1989, it has been possible for the first time to reach a comprehensive evaluation of the water quality on the North Sea coast and in the rivers and lakes of this state. The 7648 samples which were analysed in this period produced the most favourable results on the East Friesian Islands, followed by the vast majority of the mainland bathing resorts and some lakes. On the lower stretches of the River Weser and in a few lakes levels were registered at times which exceeded the limits to such an extent that bathing was impossible. In 1991 extreme germination of total coliform bacteria was observed for the first time, presumably due to eutrophic conditions in combination with high water temperatures.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed2004

[Rat spleen cellular composition after water baths].

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh water baths on rat spleen structural components (lymphoid nodules with or without germinal centers, periarterial lymphoid sheaths and splenic cords). Experiments included the submersion of the cages with outbred albino male rats into the baths containing fresh water at 36-37 degrees C. Histological analysis has shown the changes of cytoarchitectonics in all the splenic structures studied. The number of cells per unit area in the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules was decreased, while that one in the periarterial lymphoid sheaths was increased. The number of disintegrating cells in the splenic cords was found to be reduced. The major effect of fresh water baths on spleen parenchyma was the uniform increase in plasma cell content in all the structural components of the organ. These changes may indicate the activation of humoral immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Estimation of diffuse and point source microbial pollution in the ribble catchment discharging to bathing waters in the north west of England.

Achieving compliance with the mandatory standards of the 1976 Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) is required at all U.K. identified bathing waters. In recent years, the Fylde coast has been an area of significant investments in 'point source' control, which have not proven, in isolation, to satisfactorily achieve compliance with the mandatory, let alone the guide, levels of water quality in the Directive. The potential impact of riverine sources of pollution was first confirmed after a study in 1997. The completion of sewerage system enhancements offered the potential for the study of faecal indicator delivery from upstream sources comprising both point sources and diffuse agricultural sources. A research project to define these elements commenced in 2001. Initially, a desk study reported here, estimated the principal infrastructure contributions within the Ribble catchment. A second phase of this investigation has involved acquisition of empirical water quality and hydrological data from the catchment during the 2002 bathing season. These data have been used further to calibrate the 'budgets' and 'delivery' modelling and these data are still being analysed. This paper reports the initial desk study approach to faecal indicator budget estimation using available data from the sewerage infrastructure and catchment sources of faecal indicators.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed2005

The impact of bird populations on the microbiological quality of bathing waters.

To ensure optimum quality at Bathing Waters, the control of diffuse sources of bacterial contamination is receiving increasing attention. As part of an initiative to improve the quality of the EU designated bathing waters on the Fylde Coast (North West England), a project was undertaken to quantify the faecal indicator load from birds and assess the significance on water quality. High bird counts are encountered on the Fylde Coast with gulls, feral pigeons and starlings being prominent. The piers at Blackpool make an attractive roost for starlings with numbers peaking at over 30,000 in late summer. Systematic recording of bird numbers and locations was undertaken during 2001/2. Estimates were also made of the daily faecal organism production by the different species. The spatial distribution of faecal organisms from the bird population was statistically linked to synoptic water quality data. This allowed estimates to be made of the contribution from birds to the faecal pollution load at the bathing waters. The work confirmed a statistically significant link between bird populations and water quality with a marked seasonal bias.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Sudden death while bathing].

We describe the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic features of sudden death while bathing. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (60.4%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (18.7%) and drowning (11.2%). Because hydrostatic pressure, autonomic nervous reflexes or endocrine system reflect on hemodynamic changes while bathing, the elderly persons or patients with cardiovascular disease are often suffered from fatal cardiac events. To find the detail pathophysiologic changes while bathing, exact cause of death should be examined by autopsies. Furthermore, elderly or handicapped persons should be supervised by their families for preventing drowning.

Baths↗
PubMed2006

[Bathing and the colonization of the preterm newborn skin].

This article aims at determining the bathing role in skin colonization of preterm newborn by reviewing the literature from MEDLINE database. Clinical researches have demonstrated that bathing with soap triggers pH increase interfering with the skin physiological protection and provoking changes in the cutaneous microflora composition. Preterm neonates in NICU tend to acquire nosocomial skin flora from the action of bathing with cleansing products on the epidermal barrier function with direct consequences on the skin colonization.

Baths↗
PubMed1991

Bath scalds in children in the south-east of Scotland.

Scalds caused by domestic hot tap water constitute a significant but preventable hazard in childhood. We have reviewed some of the factors contributing to such injuries, and the experience of a regional paediatric burn unit in their treatment. There were 91 children with bath water scalds and 667 children with thermal injuries from other sources included in this study. In the former group, scalds were more common on the limbs, including the hands and feet. Scalds involving over 40% of body surface area were more common in children with bath water injuries; however, there was no difference between the groups with regard to hospital stay or requirement for skin grafting. Parents ran the bath responsible for scald production in most cases, but single parenthood did not appear to be a risk factor. First aid application made no significant difference to eventual burn area or hospital stay. It appears from this study that reduction of domestic hot water temperature is necessary. Statutory control is likely to offer the best solution to the problem of domestic hot tap water scalds in childhood.

Baths↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative studies of fresh and seawater for the determination of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria according to the European Economic Community guideline 76/160 (bathing water) by the use of the most-probable-number method with BRILA-MUG broth and differentiation according to the drinking water ordinance].

During the summer season of 1989 about 222 samples of bathing water (Northsea, Baltic Sea and inland waters) were investigated, i.e. 2 times 1998 dilution tubes (1501 positive) were tested. Results with BRILA-MUG and lactose-bouillon were compared and additional 97 samples were tested with one respectively three colonies by confirmative tests. -- The BRILA-MUG one-tube-test (gas, fluorescence and indol) has as expected larger numbers of total coliforms (GC) and faecal coliforms (FC) in comparison with corresponding numbers for E. coli and coliform bacteria according to German law for drinking water (TrinkwV). -- BRILA-MUG and lactose-bouillon with the same identification mode according to "TrinkwV" has corresponding results concerning E. coli and coliform bacteria. -- Following the identification mode according to "TrinkwV" the total coliforms (GC/gas in BRILA-MUG) depending on the origin proved 60-80% as coliform bacteria. Additional API-tests showed that the other bacteria are coliform bacteria too or bacteria which can be considered as indicators for water pollution. -- Faecal coliforms (FC/fluorescence and indol-positive) depending on the origin proved 70-90% as E. coli, if following the identification mode according to "TrinkwV". Using 3 instead of 1 colony per positive dilution tube for identification the positive results increased approximately by 9%. 15% of negative results with the identification mode according to "TrinkwV" proved as E. coli-positive with identification according to API-system, i.e. the corresponding rate of E. coli-positive tubes will therefore be higher than shown above. The BRILA-MUG one-tube-test in connection with the MPN-method can be used successfully to determine the number of total and faecal coliforms according to the EEC-directive for bathing waters. The test needs only a minimum of material and also a minimum of laboratory staff. Differences between this test and other more extensive tests with several biochemical identification steps are negligible. The work load for bathing water tests would not be justified in this case.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The therapeutic use of iodide-bromide-sodium chloride baths combined with hydrocortisone phonophoresis in patients with osteoarthrosis and gout].

Hydrocortisone phonophoresis (HPP) on the affected joints or balneotherapy with iodine bromine baths as well as the complex of these two modalities were used to treat 197 patients with osteoarthrosis. Thirty-one of the patients had secondary arthrosis due to recurrent gout attacks. Monotherapy with HPP proved beneficial in affection of 1-2 joints whereas the baths appeared preferable in polyosteoarthrosis, its association with spinal osteoarthrosis, arterial hypertension. Combined application of HPP and the baths produced more pronounced and stable effect with the best relief recorded in polyosteoarthrosis, its progression, secondary synovitis.

Adult↗