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Results for “Azo Compounds”

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PubMed1976

Mutagenicity and possible carcinogenicity of hair colourants and constituents.

Skin painting experiments showed that two semi-permanent hair colorants applied at low concentrations caused an early appearance of tumours in two strains of mice. Both colorants were mutagenic in S. typhimurium and further investigation revealed that three categories of hair colorant contained mutagenic constitutents.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Preparation and spectral compilation of FD&C Red No.40 intermediates and subsidiary dyes.

FD&C Red No. 40 may contain higher or lower sulfonated subsidiary dyes, depending on the purity of intermediates used. Samples of 10 possible subsidiaries were prepared and purified. They are to serve as analytical standards to aid in the identification of unknown compounds frequently appearing during the analysis of certification samples. Visible, ultra-violet, and infrared spectra as well as absorptivites and molar extinction coefficients are given for each dye.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1986

Genotoxicity of a variety of azobenzene and aminoazobenzene compounds in the hepatocyte/DNA repair test and the Salmonella/mutagenicity test.

Genotoxicity of 39 azo dye compounds of azobenzenes, aminoazobenzenes, and diaminoazobenzenes was examined in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test. Azobenzene (AzB) and 3,3'- or 4,4'-substituted azobenzenes such as (CH3)2AzB, (CH2OH)2AzB, (CH2OCOCH3)2AzB, and (CH2Cl)2AzB did not generate DNA repair, indicating lack of genotoxicity of these compounds. In contrast, all of 24 aminoazobenzenes, including those of unknown carcinogenicity, i.e., 3'-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, 3'-CH2OH-aminoazobenzene, 3'-hydroxymethyl-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, 3'-COOH-methylaminoazobenzene, 4'-formyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, 3'-CH2Cl-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4'-CH2Cl-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 2'-, 3'-, or 4'-CH2OCOCH3-dimethylaminoazobenzene, elicited DNA repair synthesis. A positive DNA repair response was obtained for the 3 of 6 tested diaminoazobenzenes, i.e., N'-acetyl-N'-methyl-4-amino-dimethylaminoazobenzene, N'-acetyl-N'-methyl-4-amino-methylaminoazobenzene, and N'-acetyl-N'-methyl-4-amino-N-acetyl-methylaminoazobenzene, which are known to be carcinogenic. These results indicate that the amino group is functional for the expression of genotoxicity of azobenzene compounds. Twenty-one azobenzenes of these 3 classes were also examined for their mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mutagenicity assay. These results were almost identical with those of the DNA repair test except for several azo dyes such as AzB and 4,4'-(CH2Oacetyl)2AzB of the azobenzenes and N'-acetyl-4-amino-dimethylaminoazobenzene and N'-acetyl-N-methyl-4-amino-N-acetyl methylaminoazobenzene of the diaminoazobenzenes.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Dynamic modeling of an enzymatic membrane reactor for the treatment of xenobiotic compounds.

A membrane enzymatic reactor, consisting of a stirred tank coupled to an ultrafiltration membrane was set up for the enzymatic oxidation of xenobiotic compounds. The azo dye Orange II was selected for the model compound and manganese peroxidase for the oxidative enzyme. The ligninolytic cycle was initiated and maintained by the controlled addition of all factors (reactants, mediators, and stabilizers) at suitable rates. Considering the distinctiveness of this process, in which the substrate to be oxidized is not the primary substrate for the enzyme, a kinetic model was developed. The azo dye concentration and hydrogen peroxide addition rate were found to be the main factors affecting the process. The reaction kinetics was defined using a Michaelis-Menten model with respect to the Orange II concentration and a first-order linear dependence relative to the H(2)O(2) addition rate. The dynamic model, which takes into account both the kinetics and the hydraulics of the system, was validated by comparing the experimental results in continuous operation under steady and non-steady state to model predictions. In particular, the model predicted the behavior of the system when unexpected alterations in steady-state operation occurred. Furthermore, the model allowed us to obtain the most appropriate H(2)O(2)/Orange II ratio in the feed to maximize the process efficiency.

Azo Compounds↗