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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Diagnostic value of spect bone scintigraphy for odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of bone SPECT for odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and bone activity in the alveolar process to clarify the pathophysiologic nature of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography and bone SPECT with Tc-99m HMDP were performed in 28 patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Based on the findings of the computed tomographic images, the inflammatory changes in the maxillary sinus mucosa (mucosal lesions) were evaluated horizontally and vertically. For the initial diagnosis, visualization of the causative site by bone SPECT was compared with conventional radiographic and planar findings. SPECT data were used to assess bone activity by calculating the mean count ratios of the alveolar process over the cervical vertebrae. The relation of bone activity to the structure of the mucosal lesions, the presence of clinical symptoms, mucosal changes around the maxillary ostium (ostial lesions), and conventional radiolucent images around the causative teeth (periapical lesions) were assessed. RESULTS: Identification of the causative site was sufficiently specific in bone SPECT images. Bone activity was significantly correlated with the structure of the mucosal lesions, both horizontally and vertically, and with the presence of infraorbital symptoms, ostial lesions, and periapical lesions. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to view odontogenic maxillary sinusitis as a bone disease in which the bone activity associated with alveolar osteitis affects the pathophysiologic nature of the disease. Bone SPECT is valuable to make a more precise diagnosis, thereby allowing more appropriate treatment of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in dehiscence defects with non-submerged immediate implants: an experimental study in Cynomolgus monkeys.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar ridge aberrations commonly compromise optimal dental implant installation. To offset any variance between an aberrant alveolar ridge and prosthetic designs, bone augmentation procedures become necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation and osseointegration at alveolar dehiscence defects following augmentation of the defect site with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) at dental implant installation including transmucosal positioning of the dental implant. METHODS: Four adult male Cynomolgus monkeys received dental implants in contralateral extraction socket sites with surgically created 6 x 4 mm buccal dehiscence defects following elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps. Contralateral sites received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 1.5 mg/ml; 0.1 mg/defect) or served as sham-surgery controls. The flaps were adapted and sutured around the healing abutments leaving the implants in a transmucosal position. The animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks postsurgery and block sections of the implant sites were harvested and prepared for histometric analysis. RESULTS: One dental implant from each treatment group failed to osseointegrate. Another 3 dental implants (sham-surgery controls) failed to osseointegrate with newly-formed bone in the defect area. Thus, 7 of 8 defect sites (4/4 animals) receiving rhBMP-2/ACS compared to 4 of 8 sites (2/4 animals) receiving sham-surgery exhibited evidence of osseointegration with newly formed bone in the defect area. Mean +/- SD defect height amounted to 5.3 +/- 0.2 and 5.4 +/- 0.1 mm for the rhBMP-2/ACS and sham-surgery sites, respectively. Vertical bone gain in rhBMP-2/ACS treated defects (3.9 +/- 0.3 mm) did not differ significantly from that in the sham-surgery control (3.7 +/- 0.4 mm; P > 0.05; paired t-test, N = 4). There were also no significant differences noted for coronal bone-implant contact (3.0 +/- 0.6 versus 3.6 +/- 0.5 mm), and bone-implant contact within the defect site (28.5% +/- 15.1% versus 27.4% +/- 31.7%) and within resident bone (46.9% +/- 26.8% versus 47.8% +/- 39.4%) for the rhBMP-2/ACS and control sites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The observations in this study point to a substantial native osteogenic potential of the alveolar process that has previously not been explored and show that surgical reentry observations of new bone formation may not necessarily indicate that osseointegration has occurred. Bone formation in control defects was substantially greater than predicted, limiting the value of adding an osteoinductive biologic construct.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1994

Artificial sucking habits: etiology, prevalence and effect on occlusion.

Active digit-sucking results in 1) reduced vertical growth of the frontal parts of alveolar process which creates an anterior open bite; 2) proclination of the upper incisors as a result of the horizontal force created by the digit; 3) anterior displacement of the maxilla for the same reason; 4) anterior rotation of the maxilla, resulting in an increased prevalence of posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition; and 6) proclination or retroclination of the lower incisors which seems to be due to the strength of the tightness of the lower lip and tongue activity during sucking. When the sucking habit stops, the anterior open bite will correct itself spontaneously, due to increased growth of the alveolar processes, provided that the patient is still growing. If the lip activity and the lip/teeth relationship is normal, the upper incisors will upright themselves, and sometimes, due to the anterior displacement of maxilla, become somewhat retroclined. The skeletal effect of the sucking habit will remain. Improper use of a pacifier can create quite disastrous effects on the occlusion, if, for instance, the child has the shield. Otherwise, the effect of the pacifier is limited to the vertical and the transversal plane. The anterior open bite is normally more obvious and visible earlier in pacifier-suckers than in digit-suckers. As in digit-suckers, the open bite is associated with tongue-thrust during swallowing. Also in pacifier-suckers, the open bite will correct itself spontaneously when the habit stops despite the tongue-thrust. Sucking a pacifier is more clearly related to a posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition than is digit-sucking. When the pacifier is in the child's mouth, the teat occupies the upper part of the anterior and middle part of the mouth thus forcing the tongue to a lower position. In the upper jaw, the teeth in the canine area lack palatal support from the tongue during the sucking activity of the cheeks. This reduces the arch width and increases the risk of a transversal malrelation between the upper and lower arches. The low tongue position widens the lower jaw in the same area thus enhancing the probability of the development of a posterior cross-bite.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Clinical crown length in 9-, 11- and 13-year-old children with and without finger-sucking habit.

Continuing finger-sucking often leads to an anterior open bite. The object of the present study was to attempt to illustrate whether this open bite is caused by an arrested eruption of incisors or primarily by inhibited growth of the alveolar processes. A comparison is made between 9-, 11- and 13-year-old children with continuing finger-sucking habits or who ceased finger-sucking only after 8 years of age, and children of the same ages without sucking habits in respect of the clinical crown length of central and lateral incisors in the upper and lower jaws. In all measurements the clinical crown length among children in the finger-sucking groups was greater than among children in the control groups (Table 1). The anterior open bite of the finger-suckers was therefore probably not caused by arrested eruption of incisors but rather by inhibited vertical growth of the anterior part of the alveolar processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Complications of surgical wisdom tooth removal of the maxilla. A clinical and roentgenologic study of 1,013 patients with statistical evaluation].

In a retrospective study the condition of the alveolar process in the region of the maxillary tuberosity after operative removal of impacted upper third molars was evaluated. Basically the clinical records of 1013 patients were explored. 371 patients were checked clinically, from 355 patients X-ray examinations were taken. There was at least one year between operation and follow-up examination. Pain was the reason for removal of the upper wisdom teeth in 32.9% of the patients. The most common intraoperative complications were oro-antral fistulae (11.3%). Most of the patients 70.9%) showed regular wound healing. Postoperative complications were seen more often and for a longer period in young female patients. In most cases (87.7%) there was a complete bony regeneration of the alveolar process in the area of the maxillary tuberosity. Contrary to our expectations cyst formations were very rare (0.59%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Influence of residual ridge resorption patterns on fixture placement and tooth position, Part III: Presurgical assessment of ridge augmentation requirements.

Implant diagnostic methods using computed tomography with barium-coated templates have revealed the relationship between the optimal final tooth position and the residual alveolar process or ridge. While information with regard to emergence axis, anatomic limitations, fixture length, buccolingual cantilever, and prediction of the the final prosthetic design is available, presurgical information relating to the reconstruction potential of smile zone deformities remains elusive. The use of a complete provisional wax-up and the modification of a barium-coated template design can provide the implant team with presurgical information regarding the need for augmentation of hard tissue and soft tissue and the volume of tissue needed for reconstruction. This information can assist the implant team in the development of realistic treatment objectives and in more accurately addressing the needs and concerns of the patient during presurgical treatment planning.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1999

[Initial outcome of vertical distraction osteogenesis of the atrophic alveolar ridge].

Besides several conventional therapeutic regimens to treat severe forms of alveolar ridge atrophy the distraction osteogenesis is an alternative method. We introduced a new technique for the treatment of alveolar ridge atrophy encouraged by the advantages of distraction osteogenesis in the last decade. A new technique called "vertical distraction osteogenesis (VDO)" has been developed by our study group to move dentolous and edentolous segments of the alveolar process vertically with a device in microplate-design. Vertical distraction osteogenesis was completed successfully in nine patients with segments length ranging from 6.5 mm to 43 mm with an average of 23.7 mm. The vertical distraction rate was 9.9 mm on average in seven mandibular and two maxillar segments. In all cases we found good stability and the predicted movement of the segments. In contrast to bone transplantation an earlier mineralization in the vertically distracted area could be seen by radiological examination and biopsy. Five patients were treated with dental implants 12 weeks after distraction procedure. Main advantages of vertical distraction osteogenesis are: 1. No bone harvesting, 2. decreased resorption tendency, 3. lower morbidity compared with conventional techniques, 4. lower infection rate and 5. feasibility to insert dental implants 12 weeks after distraction procedure, 6. gain of soft tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective analysis of one-stage maxillary sinus augmentation with endosseous implants.

The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the results of a one-stage reconstructive procedure using titanium implants placed in iliac corticocancellous bone blocks grafted to the floor of maxillary sinuses. Forty-nine patients received 314 Brånemark implants, of which 171 implants of various lengths were placed in the grafted bone and 143 implants in the adjacent maxillary alveolar process (which includes 11 implants placed in onlay grafts). Five patients also received onlay grafts to the anterior maxilla. Follow-up time was 3 to 49 months after abutment connection, which was performed 9 months after implant placement. Eighty-two percent of the implants were successfully integrated in the grafted area and 84.8% in the adjacent bone. Eleven patients (22.4%) lost one to four implants or a few implants in strategic positions, requiring secondary implant placement prior to the manufacturing of fixed prostheses, whereas 35 (71.4%) received primary fixed restorations. Only two individuals (4.1%) received permanent implant-supported overdentures. Assessments of esthetics, phonetics, and function were made by the surgical-prosthodontic team and compared with those of the patients. Opinions regarding the functional outcome of treatment appeared least correlated. The total implant survival rate compares favorably with other reports.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

The effect of oxygen partial pressure on protein synthesis and collagen hydroxylation by mature periodontal tissues maintained in organ cultures.

Mature periodontal tissues from adult-mouse first mandibular molars were cultured in a continuous-flow organ-culture system which allowed the regulation of both ascorbic acid concentration and pO(2) (oxygen partial pressure). Protein synthesis was measured by analysing the incorporation of [(3)H]proline into collagenous and non-collagenous proteins during the last 24h of a 2-day culture. At low pO(2) [16.0kPa (approx. 120mmHg)] approx. 60% of protein-incorporated [(3)H]proline was found in collagenous proteins. However, it was evident that this collagen was considerably underhydroxylated. At high pO(2) [56.0kPa (approx. 420mmHg)], both the amount of collagen deposited in the tissues and the degree of hydroxylation were increased considerably. In contrast, no significant effect on non-collagenous protein was observed. Tissues cultured at low pO(2) for the first 48h were unable to respond to a subsequent increase in pO(2) during the last 24h. Analysis of pepsin-solubilized collagen alpha-chains labelled with [(14)C]glycine demonstrated the synthesis of both type-I and type-III collagens by explants cultured for 48h at high pO(2). Type-III collagen comprised 20-30% of the radioactivity in alpha-chains in both the periodontal ligament and the tissues of the alveolar process. The pattern of protein synthesis in the alveolar tissues at high pO(2) was similar to that observed in these tissues in vivo. However, in the cultured periodontal ligament the proportions of non-collagenous proteins and type-III collagens were increased in comparison with the tissue in vivo.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1983

Involvement of immunoglobulin E in the secretory processes of alveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients.

Alveolar macrophages from nonatopic donors were passively sensitized with allergen-specific IgE antibody from the serum of asthmatic patients. A selective release of 4-8% of the lysosomal beta-glucuronidase of these cells occurred within 30 min of contact with the related allergen or with anti-human IgE antibody, in the absence of any mast or basophil cells. The cell reactivity was dependent on the interaction of macrophages with IgE, as shown by the disappearance of the allergen-induced enzyme release after heating or IgE-immune adsorption of the sensitizing serum, but not after IgG-adsorption. Alveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients behaved similarly to passively sensitized normal macrophages. Contact with the related allergen or with anti-IgE antibody induced the same percentage of enzyme release, demonstrating that these cells possess allergen-specific IgE bound on their surface. 18% of them formed rosettes with anti-IgE-coated sheep erythrocytes, and 15-22% with allergen-coated erythrocytes, but lost this property after preincubation with the specific allergen. The presence of IgE-specific receptors on the macrophage surface was demonstrated both at the ultrastructural level with immunoperoxidase labeling, and at low magnification by the formation of 15-18% rosettes with human IgE-coated erythrocytes. The formation of such rosettes was inhibited after incubation of alveolar phagocytes with aggregated myeloma IgE. On the basis of these observations, the participation of the alveolar macrophages in IgE-mediated pulmonary hypersensitivity must be considered. Its precise involvement requires, however, further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Disorder of the phagocytosis process in alveolar macrophages in thermal injury].

Bacteriological assay, cytochemical studies of succinate and malate dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, glycogen and lipids, as well as electron microscopy were used in experiments on 75 rabbits to examine over time phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages and some mechanisms of its disturbance after burn trauma. It was established that the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages gets disturbed shortly after trauma, remaining depressed up to the time of convalescence. It was demonstrated that the mechanism by which phagocytic function gets disturbed differs with time following trauma. Primary depression of phagocytosis occurs immediately after burn. At the height of burn disease the cells develop an energy deficient state, whereas the time of convalescence is marked by the emergence of poorly differentiated forms of macrophages having the reduced phagocyte capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The radiographic characteristics of histiocytosis X. A study of 29 cases that involve the jaws.

The purpose of this study was to provide an objective analysis of the radiographic characteristics of histiocytosis X as it affects the jaws. The original radiographs of 29 cases were reviewed independently and objectively by three observers. The results suggest that seven characteristics, either alone or in combination, are useful in the identification of histiocytosis X. These include the appearance of solitary "intraosseous" lesions, the multiplicity of "alveolar bone" lesions, the "scooped-out" effect in the alveolar process, the well-defined periphery, sclerosis in the alveolar bone lesions, periosteal new bone formation, and slight root resorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Hyperactivity of the muscles of the lip and chin and indications for surgery to reduce it].

Hyperactivity of the muscles controlling the lower lip and chin (muscles of the chin, buccinator, orbicularis, etc.) can be demonstrated at different levels of the muscular complex and may act as an elastic force against the mandibular alveolar process. Dysfunction in this region may lead to reduction of the alveolar bone quantity, reducing the tooth-bone equilibrium. If this balance is disturbed, periodontal lesions, a lower incisal crowding and a retrognathic mandibular process may result. Surgery to correct overactivity of the chin muscles is described here step by step. Resection of the muscles may be undertaken on a greater or lesser scale and striation of the muscle may also allow reduction of muscular strength. Reducing the muscular activity creates a better environment for the development of the mandible and its alveolar process. Depending on the clinical situation, these techniques can be associated with genioplasty, bone graft and/or mandibular orthognathic surgery.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1995

Functional masticatory evaluation in hemifacial microsomia.

The features of hemifacial microsomia with unilateral condylar hypoplasia in a 9-year-old female patient were analysed in a multidisciplinary fashion. Cephalometric roentgenograms revealed malformation of the mandible, with the right condylar process being smaller than the left. In addition, the right maxillary alveolar process was underdeveloped. Closed view radiography with oblique lateral transcranial projection (by modified Schüller's method) of the temporomandibular joint revealed an anterior dislocation of the condyle on the unaffected side. Computed tomography (CT) of the masticatory muscles demonstrated that the medial pterygoid muscle on the affected side, unlike the other muscles, was larger than that on the unaffected side. The surface electromyographic activities of the temporal and masseter muscles and reduction of the maximum bite force on the affected side during clenching corresponded with the CT findings. The hypertrophy of the medial pterygoid muscle on the affected side was considered likely to be a compensatory adjustment to keep the mandible centred. A three-dimensional study of the movement of the mandible revealed that the condyle on the affected side moved vertically and that the rotational centre was located antero-inferior to the condylar process during maximum jaw opening and closing movements. These findings suggested lack of articular guidance. Moreover, the unaffected condylar process showed considerable backward movement during retrusion and ipsilateral excursion of the mandible. The mandibular head on the unaffected side showed obvious protraction during all jaw movements, which might have induced the overgrowth of the condylar head on the unaffected side in this growing child.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1990

[Use of porous hydroxyapatite in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery].

The use of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) (Interpore 200) in blocks as well as in particulate form is presented based upon experience from 99 maxillofacial reconstructions. The indications have been local defects of the alveolar process after trauma and resections due to tumors, the edentulous atrophic alveolar ridge, secondary residual clefts, and bone defects associated with orthognathic surgery. Clinical, radiologic and histologic findings after a follow-up period up to 3 years showed that there is an indication for HA blocks and particulate HA in orthognathic surgery, and that relatively stable results with few complications can be achieved with particulate HA in reconstructions of local bone defects and the atrophic alveolar ridge. Bone ingrowth through the implant material is seen when HA blocks are used. With particulate HA a fibrous encapsulation of the granules is formed. To a certain extent HA may replace the use of autogenous bone, but with major maxillofacial reconstructions it seems that the use of autogenous bone is still mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Fixation of onlay bone grafts with lag screws.

A method is described of fastening bone segments to the mandible and maxilla by means of lag screws. The indications are discussed, as are the possible advantages of the procedure compared with fixation of bone grafts by wiring or by osteosynthesis plates. Indications include: 1. Fixation of bone segments at the lower border of the mandible when, after maximal displacement of the segments, the surface of contact between the mandible and the bone segment becomes too small. 2. Filling-in defects in the alveolar process, e.g. stabilising bone grafts for augmentation of the height of the alveolar ridge. 3. Fixation of fragments serving to bridge over mandibular defects. Within the stated range of indications lag screws appear to have the following advantages compared with wire fixation: a) more stable immobilisation of the grafts b) closer contact between graft and recipient surface through compression between the two; c) the possibility of easier removal of the screws compared with removal of wires. Within the range of indications lag screws appear to have the following advantages compared with bone graft fixation by means of osteosynthesis plates: a) The plate acts as a separating medium between graft and the soft tissue bed. b) The more tedious removal of plates is avoided with screws.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

Eruption of premolars subsequent to autotransplantation. A longitudinal radiographic study.

One-hundred-and-eighteen premolars transplanted at a stage with 3/4 to 4/4 root development with an open apical foramen were followed using a standardized clinical and radiographic technique for signs of periodontal ligament healing, root development, and tooth eruption. Root growth was unimpeded in 26 per cent, impaired in 55 per cent, and arrested in 19 per cent. Eruption of transplants occurred at the time of periodontal and alveolar healing, and before any significant root growth. Furthermore, autotransplanted premolars created growth of the alveolar process along with the eruption process.

Adolescent↗