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Results for “AVITAMINOSIS”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in lipid composition of mucosa secretion from chick glandular stomach intermediate zone in A-vitaminosis].

The lipid composition of secretion and the vitamin A content in it were studied. Secretion of normal chickens is shown to contain 96 +/- 3.1 mg of lipids, 82.5 +/- 3.4 of substances extracted by the solvent hexane-diethyl ester, 30 +/- 2.1 of unsaponifiable lipids and 2.43 +/- 0.285 micrograms of vitamin A per 1 g of dry residue. With A-avitaminosis the secretion amount is twice as large with vitamin A absent; the lipid content is almost twice as low, the total weight of substances extracted by the solvent hexane-diethyl ester is four times as low and that of the lipid unsaponifiable fraction--2.5 times as low. Quantitative and qualitative changes in lipid zones were detected by means of thin-layer chromatography and UV-spectroscopy, and structural changes in the secretion--by electron microscopy. Vitamin A is suggested to participate in formation of macromolecular lipid systems of the secretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristic of sorption properties of skeletal muscle nuclei in the normal state and with E-avitaminotic muscular dystrophy].

Sorption properties of skeletal muscles nuclei in rabbits in normal state and with E-avitaminosis were studied using organic dyes: neutral red (cationic) and turquoise direct light-fast "K" (anionic) and the influence of calcium-modified membrane of nuclei on their sorption. The nuclear surface is established to have both positive and negative charged groups sorbing turquioise direct and neutral red, respectively. The maximum volume of the dyes binding and the dissociation constants of the membrane-dye complex are estimated. It is shown that with muscular dystrophy the number of charged groups of both signs on the nuclear surface decreases. Calcium ions decrease the cationic dye sorption both in the normal state and with dystrophy and insignificantly decrease the anionic dye with dystrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The physiologic and pharmacologic factors protecting the lens transparency and the update approach to the prevention of experimental cataracts: a review.

In this review some of the so far identified mechanisms implicated in experimental and human cataractogenesis are reviewed. The oxidative insult, the osmotic insult (sugar cataracts and ionic imbalance cataracts), the role of tryptophan, of lysophosphatidylcholine and docohexanoic acid in primary and secondary cataracts are summarized. It is not always possible to identify the primary effect of cataractogenic mechanisms: the human "idiopathic" cataract is probably a multifactorial disease. In the aging lens and under stress conditions (osmotic and oxidative) the physiologic defense systems of the lens appear to be inadequate. Even if conditions of avitaminosis aren't the cause of deterioration of the adult human lens, it has been demonstrated that the supplementation or the deficiency of some nutritional factors may influence the course of cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Energetic swelling and lysis of mitochondria].

B1 avitaminosis presents a typical example of energetic mitochondrial degeneration. The alterations--swelling and lysis of mitochondria--are accompanied by dilatation with formation of megamitochondria, by appearance of blebs and tearings of the mitochondrial membranes, by progressive fading of the matrix, by swelling of the mitochondrial membranes with lysis of the cristae advancing from centre towards periphery, by vacuolar transformation of the cell and by development of onionoid bodies (corpora cepiformia).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Vitamin C, oral scurvy and periodontal disease.

Scurvy and periodontitis both manifest gingival bleeding but constitute separate entities. Defective collagen in scurvy reflects many symptoms emanating from deficient vitamin C physiology. The various periodontal diseases are caused by oral plaque micro-organisms, the body's reaction to which is strongly influenced by inadequate functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis C does not cause commonly encountered periodontal disease, but will aggravate established periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for prophylaxis or cure of periodontitis in healthy well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding gingivae warrants referral to oral medicine and periodontics specialists for examination and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Vitamin K deficiency bleeding as a leading symptom in celiac disease (author's transl)].

Haemorrhagic diathesis was a leading symptom in diagnosing celiac disease in 4 patients. In all 4 patients, a duodenal biopsy showed total villous atrophy. Although 3 of the children were typically dystrophic, the weight of the 4th child, an 8 month old boy, was within the normal range. In this patient, who suffered from neither diarrhea nor vomiting, heavy cutaneous and mucous membrane bleeding were the only symptoms of the disease. In all 4 cases the haemorrhagic diathesis could be explained by a low prothrombin complex, whereas the rest of the coagulation tests were normal. After the administration of Vitamin K1 there was an immediate rise in the prothrombin complex and bleeding was quickly stopped. Noteworthy is that due to infections, 3 of the 4 patients, received antibiotics just before the onset of the bleeding. In celiac disease, the conversion from a K-hypovitaminosis into a K-avitaminosis by the administration of antibiotics is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Free radical lipid oxidation and several ways of regulating it with ascorbic acid].

The correlation between the content of primary molecular product of free radical fat acyls oxidation--hydrolipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid amount in guinea-pig tissue was presented by means of polarographic method. The data obtained led to the following conclusion: the importance of ascorbic acid as prooxidant in vivo is rather great and its deficiency is the reason for an increase of its content in the primary products of lipid free radical oxidation, which probably plays the main role in C-avitaminosis pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Elastin metabolic indices in various body allowances of vitamin K].

A study was made of the content of insoluble elastin in the tissues and of elastolytic activity of the blood serum at varying supply of the rat body with vitamin K. It was revealed that long-term (for 1 month) excess administration of vicasol (10 mg/kg) did not change elastin metabolism. In the course of the development of alimentary K-avitaminosis, blood elastolytic activity was first inhibited and then dramatically rose (by 93.4%). The latter finding was in a good agreement with a decrease in the level of insoluble elastin in the aorta wall and skin. After exposure of rats to pelentan, an antagonist of vitamin K, for 15-20 days the activity of the enzymes responsible for elastin breakdown was steadily inhibited. Nevertheless the skin elastin content decreased by 16.1%. It has been shown that the reduction of the elastin content in the connective tissue is not related to the changes in the diet. The evidence obtained attests to the involvement of vitamin K in elastin metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Glycemia and insulinemia of vitamin A deficient rats after administration of glucose].

We have studied the variations of the blood glucose and insulin concentrations of control and vitamin A-deficient rats after administration of glucose by various ways. The avitaminosis decreases the initial glycaemia and insulinaemia in fasting rats. It seems that the insulin release from the pancreas of the deficient rats is normal after a moderate treatment: for example after a single injection of glucose 0,5 g/kg in the carotide, or during the digestion of a mixed meal (rats trained to eat their day's food in a short time), or during an intestinal perfusion in vivo of weak concentrated glucose solutions (0,5 to 2 g/l). But after meal feeding a glucose rich diet (65 p. cent) or during intestinal perfusions of solutions with a higher glucose content (up to 15 g/l) the hyper-insulinaemia is fleeting in the deficient rats and its appeared highest hyperglycaemia in some perfused animals. The endocrine regulations of the vitamin A-deficient rats are considered in the discussion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transketolase activity and the TDP effect in tissues of animals with experimental tumors].

Activity of transketolase and the TDP-effect were studied in blood and liver subcellular fractions of mice with Erlich ascites carcinoma and of rats with sarcoma 45 which were maintained on a synthetic diet containing either all the vitamins or devoid of thiamine. As compared with other mice liver subcellular fractions the microsomal fraction proved to be the most sensitive to thiamine deficiency: inhibition of transketolase activity reached 75%. Decrease in TDP-effect found in microsomes might reflect the most distinct terminal steps of B1 avitaminosis. As a result of vitamin B1 deprivation of mice with Erlich ascites carcinoma activity of transketolase was decreased by 30% and the TDP-effect increased by 34% in the liver microsomal fraction; in the tumoral cells the enzymatic activity was decreased by 23% and the TDP-effect was increased by 10%. Thiamine-free ration of rats with sarcoma 45, at the initial steps of the tumor growth was responsible for the most distinct decrease in transketolase activity and an increase in the TDP-effect in blood.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of vitamin A on formation of aminoacyl-tRNA].

The melting temperature and hyperchromia of intestine mucosa tRNA preparations and the effect of inactivating factors on aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase activity were studied at the stage of hypovitaminosis and under deep A-avitaminosis. It is shown that in the aminoacylation reaction, aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase is a component more sensitive to vitamin A deficiency.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological function of vitamin A].

The paper deals with the generalized results of complex studies in the biological function of vitamin A conducted on the chicken glandular stomach. It is found out that at a certain diet the glandular stomach of chickens manifests a specific response to vitamin A deficiency: the amount of cells in the organ increases, their differentiation changes, the tissues relation is disturbed, hyperfunction is observed. The content of acid glycosaminglycanes varies, their biosynthesis is inhibited, the concentration of cations in the intercellular space increases. On the basis of these facts a conclusion is drawn that disturbances in the structure and function of glycocalyx are decisive in development of A-avitaminosis. It is established that the stomach intermediate zone mucosa secretion contains vitamin A which is strongly bound with a specific water-insoluble glycolipoprotein. The absence of vitamin A causes a disturbance in lipidation, glycosylation sulphatation and hydration of the secretion. A hypothesis is put forward according to which, vitamin A, joining the specific protein synthetized on ribosomes, initiates organization of the lipid phase. The latter might determine the direction and rate of protein transport in the system of smooth membranes where it is glycosidated. Formation of the lipid phase is disturbed when vitamin A is absent. This leads to changes in the protein migration pathways in the Golgi apparatus, which results in glycosidation disturbance as well. According to the same principle vitamin A may articipate in formation of glycolipoproteins not only of secretion but also of the intercellular substance, plasmatic membranes nuclei, lysosomes and other organelles.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism of the effect of varying saturation of the rat organism with thiamine on membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase activity].

The properties of the membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of rat liver mitochondria were studied in the presence of thiamine excess and deficiency in the body. In acute oxythiamine B1-avitaminosis, the content of phosphatidyl choline in the mitochondria fell and SDH activity was suppressed. After incubation of such mitochondria with a sonicated phospholipid emulsion from egg yolk the activity of the enzyme virtually returned to control values. Incubation of the mitochondria from control rats and animals given thiamine contained by phospholipid emulsion did not affect SDH activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of vitamin E deficiency and of qualitatively varying dietary fats on the structure of the aorta and of the heart and kidney arteries in rats].

Rats kept for 8 months on vitamin E deficient diet or given butter in an amount of 50 % of the diet caloric value developed similar morphological changes in aortal walls and in intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys. These changes marked by derangement of the elastic base of the vascular wall were most pronounced in rats kept on E-avitaminosis diet. In these animals changes in vascular elasticity developed in the presence of the intima edema, occasionally, of the media, formation of the thickening of the vascular wall, appearance of calcinosis areas in it. As a rule, changes in coronary vessels were associated with myocardial structure impairment manifesting in the form of foci of necrosis in the muscle layer, in reparative cellular reaction and foci of substitution sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic effects related to transketolase inhibition].

Inhibition of rat liver transketolase under conditions of hydroxythiamin or alimentary B1 avitaminosis was accompanied by an increase in intracellular concentration of 6-phosphogluconate and xylulose-5-phosphate. The alterations in their content was inversely correlated with the transketolase activity. The dehydrogenases involved in the pentose phosphate shunt exhibited various unspecific sensitivity to hydroxythiamin. The doses of the antimetabolites up to 0.4 mg per rat did not alter the activity of the pentose phosphate shunt dehydrogenases; an increase in the dose from 4 up to 20 mg led to an inhibition of the enzymes. Possible biochemical alteration, occurring in response to various degree of transketolase inhibitions, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the combined use of flavin coenzyme preparations and pyridoxine on the body vitamin balance in animals].

The effect of combined administration of flavin coenzymes and pyridoxine on B2-avitaminosis rats' supply with these vitamins has been studied. It has been disclosed that pyridoxine promotes more effective normalization of riboflavin and pyridoxine balance in the body, this balance being measured from the excretion of riboflavin and 4-pyridoxin acid with urine as well as from the content of total flavins in blood and tissues. In vitamin B2 lack, it is recommended that pyridoxin be combined with flavin mononucleotide and in particular with flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of certain mechanisms of natural immunity in white rats provided with different amounts of vitamin D].

In rats with D avitaminosis some mechanisms of natural immunity were shown to be unaltered (complement, unspecific bactericidal activity of blood serum, content of normal antibodies to Vi-antigen, lysozyme). Pronounced D hypervitaminosis led to an increase in the unspecific bactericidal activity of blood serum, accompanied by the increase in complement and lysozyme in blood serum, whereas content f lysozyme in leukocytes was decreased. The D hypervitaminosis was also accompanied by distinct atrophy of thymus and by inhibition of T-lymphocyte activity.

Animals↗