Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AMINOHIPPURIC ACID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: site of functional disturbance and correlation to loss of body weight.

We have investigated the effect of an intraperitoneal cisplatin injection (5 mg/kg body weight) into male Wistar rats on: (1) body weight; (2) proximal tubular transport of D-glucose and sulfate across the luminal membrane; (3) transport of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and sulfate across the contraluminal membrane; (4) urinary excretion of inulin; (5) urinary excretion and tissue accumulation of sulfofluorescein, and (6) effect of the 'protecting substances', N-Methyl-D-glucamine-dithiocarbamate (NaG), diethyldithiocarbamate, mercaptosuccinate (MS), probenecid, and glycine on parameters 1, 4 and 5. Five days after intraperitoneal application of cisplatin the following effects were observed: (1) body weight was reduced on average by 11% as compared to a 12% increase in control animals; (2) luminal sulfate and D-glucose transport was inhibited correlating with the degree of weight loss; (3) contraluminal PAH transport was also decreased in correlation to the loss of body weight, while contraluminal sulfate transport was not inhibited by cisplatin; (4) inulin excretion was reduced by 45%, the pattern for protection was the same as for the prevention of weight loss; (5) sulfofluorescein (SF) excretion in the urine was reduced by 43%, and (6) accumulation of SF into cortical tissue was augmented. Protecting substances prevented or mitigated weight loss, fall of urinary inulin and SF excretion as well as SF accumulation in cortical tissue with a similar pattern: N-glucamine-dithiocarbamate > mercaptosuccinate approximately probenecid approximately glycine. The data indicate: (1) that luminal (glucose and sulfate) and contraluminal (PAH) transport processes are affected by cisplatin; (2) that contraluminal transport (sulfate) can be unaffected or less affected than luminal transport processes (SF); (3) our method (SF) gives the possibility to monitor the balance between luminal and contraluminal transport steps in vivo; and (4) the correlation of body weight loss with decay of certain renal transport functions and their prevention with similar protecting patterns indicates that a simple index might be useful to monitor the cytotoxic status of an individual.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The concentration-dependent disposition of intravenous p-aminohippurate in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.

1. The disposition and kinetics of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) were studied in 27 healthy male volunteers, 10 healthy female volunteers and 10 patients with chronic renal impairment following rapid intravenous injection of 10 mg kg-1. In addition, the renal clearances of PAH and its metabolite N-acetyl-PAH were measured in 10 of the healthy male volunteers following conventional administration of PAH by loading dose and constant infusion, and in another eight during sequential 'step-up' and 'step-down' infusions intended to maintain low, medium and high plasma concentrations below the threshold for onset of saturation of tubular transport. 2. PAH was eliminated rapidly with a mean half-life of less than 30 min in the healthy volunteers and 72 min in the renal patients. The corresponding estimates for acetyl-PAH were 49 and 153 min. In both groups the rate of disappearance of PAH slowed progressively over the period of observation and there was no true log-linear terminal elimination phase. 3. In the healthy volunteers about 50% of the dose was excreted in the urine in 30 min with quantitative recovery in 3 h. In 8 h, 17% of the dose was recovered as acetyl-PAH. In the patients with renal impairment the 8 h recovery was only 83.6% of the dose with 26.9% of the total appearing as acetyl-PAH. 4. The volume of distribution (Vss) of PAH was 16-18 l in the healthy subjects and renal patients. Acetyl-PAH appeared to have a much larger distribution volume (mean 65.5 l in the healthy volunteers). 5. In the healthy volunteers the renal clearance of PAH fell dramatically from 599 +/- 115 ml min-1 1.73m-2 during the first hour after administration to 300 +/- 208 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 during the second hour (P < 0.001). The corresponding renal clearances of acetyl-PAH were 775 +/- 196 and 916 +/- 212 ml min-1 1.73 m-2. In the patients with renal impairment the renal clearance of PAH fell from 194 +/- 83 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 in the first hour to only 61 +/- 19 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 from 4 to 6 h. Over the same period there was no significant fall in the clearances of acetyl-PAH or total PAH (acetyl-PAH + PAH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acetylation↗