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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to ipsilateral adrenal residuum and contralateral adrenal gland after radical nephrectomy: a case report].

A 68-year-old woman had undergone radical nephrectomy via a transabdominal approach 4 years earlier for a 8 cm tumor located from the midportion to the upper pole of the right kidney. Pathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma (RCC), clear cell subtype, G2, pT2pN0M0. Four years postoperatively, followup computed tomography scan revealed masses in bilateral adrenal region (6 cm in diameter on the left side and 5 cm on the light). Bilateral adrenalectomy confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal metastases from clear cell carcinoma. It was concluded that the tumor had metastasized to the ipsilateral adrenal tissue as the residuum of the previous surgery. She has been treated by oral steroid supplementation without evidence of recurrence for 18 months.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Adrenal insufficiency secondary to carcinoma metastatic to the adrenal gland.

Four patients are reported in whom adrenocortical insufficiency developed consequent to carcinoma metastatic to the adrenal glands. Recognition and treatment of this entity may lead to palliation of symptoms and prolongation of useful life. The computerized axial tomographic scanner is a valuable diagnostic aid in diagnosing adrenal enlargement.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1977

[Corticosteroma and gangliocytic neurilemmoma of the left adrenal associated with diffuse nodular hyperplasia and gangliocytoma of the right adrenal].

In a man of 48 who had suffered for a long time from a high arterial blood pressure, the autopsy revealed corticosteroma of the left and diffuse-nodular hyperplasia of the right adrenal glands. Both adrenals also had tumours of the sympathetic nervous system considered to be a gangliocytoneurilemmoma (angliocytic neurilemmoma) on the left and gangliocytoma on the right. The combination of morphological lesions, clinical data and laboratory examinations permit to state a combination of hypercorticism and hypercatecholaminemia.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Differential "adrenal gland tumor-adrenal gland hemorrhage" diagnosis. A sonographic follow-up].

A case report with typical sonographic follow-up findings of adrenal hemorrhage in neonates is presented. The most important follow-up criteria to differentiate adrenal malignoma from hemorrhage sonographically are significant reduction of size, loss of echogenity as well as formation of a capsula within the first 10 days of life. Otherwise - even with insignificant laboratory findings - malignoma, especially congenital neuroblastoma, has to be suspected.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Maintenance of Intermediolateral Spinal Cord Neurons by Fibroblast Growth Factor Administered to the Medullectomized Rat Adrenal Gland: Dependence on Intact Adrenal Innervation and Cellular Organization of Implants.

We have previously shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 2 microg), when administered in gelfoams implanted to medullectomized adult rat adrenal glands, maintains target-deprived preganglionic neurons located in the intermediolateral column (IML) of the spinal cord. We show now that administration of 600 or 60 ng/implant/organ of the biologically active recombinant protein also maintains IML-neurons. The effects depend on an intact organ nerve supply since administration of bFGF-implants to the medullectomized and denervated (splanchnicotomized) organ abolishes the maintenance effects for IML-neurons. A possible regeneration of cholinergic nerve fibres was assessed by quantitative determination of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-activity and ultrastructurally under various treatments. When compared to a cytochrome-(Cyto)-C treatment, bFGF significantly increased ChAT-activity in the innervated adrenal gland after 4 weeks, suggesting that sprouting of cholinergic nerve fibres and/or recovery of enzyme activity had occurred. Electron microscopically, unmyelinated axons associated with Schwann cells were only found in bFGF, but not in Cyto-C-implants. We conclude that exogenous bFGF or a yet unidentified trophic molecule possibly induced by bFGF in the adrenal gland acts as a retrogradely transported messenger serving for the maintenance of spinal cord IML-neurons in vivo. By stimulating axonal sprouting, bFGF might facilitate access of trophic material to nerve fibres.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

The role of neuropeptides in the regulation of adrenal zona glomerulosa function: effects of substance P, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone on aldosterone secretion in the intact perfused rat adrenal.

A range of neuropeptides has been identified in the adrenal glands of many mammalian species. In many cases these peptides have been located in nerves supplying the adrenal cortical cells, or within clusters of chromaffin cells within the zona glomerulosa. The function of these neuropeptides has yet to be determined, but from their location within the gland it is clearly possible that they may have a role in the regulation of aldosterone secretion. The effects of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin on aldosterone secretion were investigated using the intact perfused rat adrenal gland in situ. All the peptides tested, except CRH, caused a significant increase in aldosterone secretion over the dose range of 1 pmol to 10nmol, with a maximum response of about a twofold increase in secretion. Met-enkephalin, however, at a dose of 10 nmol caused a 350% increase in aldosterone secretion, a response comparable with that seen in response to angiotensin II in this preparation. These results suggest that, while substance P, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin and Leu-enkephalin all have the capacity to cause modest increases in the rate of steroid secretion by the zona glomerulosa, these neuropeptides probably do not have a major role in the acute regulation of aldosterone secretion, at least under basal conditions. Met-enkephalin, on the other hand, was a more potent stimulus to aldosterone secretion, and thus may have a role in the control of aldosterone secretion.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1975

Adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase. Specific binding sites for 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate in partially purified plasma membranes from bovine adrenal cortex.

Specific binding sites for 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NG)p] have been identified in a partially purified plasma membrane fraction from bovine adrenal cortex. The apparent affinity of Gpp(nh)p at 30 degrees C was 12muM-1 and the concentration of binding sites was 100 pmoles per mg of protein. Binding of Gpp(NH)p is inhibited by Mn2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Ca2+ and enhanced by low concentrations of the chelators ethylenediamino-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene glycolbis-(beta-aminoethylether))-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). High concentrations of EDTA are inhibitory and at 2.5 mM EDTA binding of Gpp(NH)p is only 10% of that observed in the absence of the chelator. The bound labeled GTP analogue exchanged only slowly with the unlabeled nucleotide after a steady state has been reached. EDTA also releases the bound labeled Gpp(NH)p from its binding sites. The slow dissociation of Gpp(NH)p can explain the persistent activation of adenylate cyclase observed after pretreatment of bovine adrenal cortex plasma membranes with Gpp(NH)p and subsequent washing. It is suggested that at least parts of these binding sites are identical to the sites identified earlier as regulatory sites for angiotensin high-affinity receptors (Glossmann et. al., 1974a) and for ACTH-stimulated cyclase Glossmann and Gips, 1974).

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1994

Acute adrenal insufficiency resulting from adrenal hemorrhage as indicated by post-operative hypotension.

We examined the incidence, diagnosis and therapy of acute adrenal insufficiency, secondary to adrenal hemorrhage. This insufficiency resulted in temperature irregularities. hemodynamic instability, and a large volume resuscitation requirement post-operatively. The case illustrates that a high level of suspicion should be maintained in a clinical scenario that mimics sepsis or myocardial insufficiency in the intensive care unit.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Virilizing adrenal tumour mimicking congenital adrenal hyperplasia with P450c11 (11 beta-hydroxylase) deficiency.

In a girl aged 5 years with a virilizing adrenal adenoma the urinary and plasma steroid findings suggested the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to P450c11 (11 beta-hydroxylase) deficiency. After removal of the tumour clinical signs receded and the hormonal values normalized. RNA analysis of the tumour tissue revealed low amounts of P450c11 mRNA which indicates that P450c11 deficiency of the adenoma caused the steroid abnormalities in this girl.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral testicular adrenal rest tissue in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: US and MR features.

We describe magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasonography (US) features of bilateral testicular adrenal rest tissue in a 20-yr-old man with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Scrotal ultrasonology detected bilateral homogeneous hypoechoic lesions with well-defined margins and without evidence of sound attenuation. MR is useful in defining the size of lesions, because the contrast resolution is better than with sonography and allows an accurate definition of the extent of disease. This case suggests that US evaluation should be included in periodical follow-up of patients with CAH, while MR may be used in the case of rapid increase in the size of the testicular mass.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed2003

Bilateral testicular enlargement due to adrenal remnant in a patient with C11 hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

The case of a 15-yr-old boy with C11 hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia is reported who was diagnosed and treated as true precocious puberty at the age of 2 yr because of virilization and bilateral testicular enlargement. He later developed hyperpigmentation, hypertension and short stature and because of an increase in testes size he underwent testicular biopsy with the assumption of Leydig cell tumor. With the intake of glucocorticoids his testes size, hypertension and hyperpigmentation improved markedly. We could find only 6 such cases in the literature and have reviewed their clinical and laboratory data. All patients showed the picture of virilization with hypertension. Leydig cell tumor was proposed as the differential diagnosis in all cases except ours. Ultrasonography was able to show testicular adrenal-like tissue in all those in whom the procedure was undertaken. In the 5 patients of whom we could find enough data, 1 responded partially and 4 responded markedly to corticosteroid therapy with shrinkage of testicular tumors. We conclude that clinical findings and US are very important in the early diagnosis of these patients and with adequate treatment most cases show shrinkage in testicular tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Dissociation between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal responses to an achievement situation characterized by high controllability: comparison between type A and type B males and females.

Type A and Type B university students of both sexes performed a choice-reaction task that was designed to allow each subject at his/her preferred pace and to maintain control over the stimulus rate throughout a period of sustained work. Type As selected faster stimulus rates, and coped more effectively with their total work load than did Type Bs with their lesser load. The superior achievement of the Type A group was not reflected in self-reports of subjective arousal, not in physiological arousal indices, e.g. heart rate, and catecholamine and cortisol excretion. Comparison between sexes (Type A and Type B persons) showed that males reported exerting significantly more effort than females and, accordingly, secreted significantly more adrenaline. A common charcteristic of all groups was the dissociation between sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal arousal, catecholamine output increasing and cortisol output decreasing in response to the achievement demands. The rise in catecholamine output was interpreted in terms of the mobilization of effort induced by the task, and the decrease of cortisol in terms of the high level of personal control in performing the task.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral adrenal Cushing's syndrome: macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease.

Corticotropin (ACTH)-independent bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) are responsible for approximately 10% of adrenal Cushing's syndrome. AIMAH also can be present as subclinical bilateral incidentalomas in sporadic or familial forms. Diverse aberrant hormone receptors have been found to be implicated in the regulation of steroidogenesis and pathophysiology of AIMAH. PPNAD can be found alone or in the context of Carney complex, a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Additionally, it can be secondary to mutations of type 1 alpha-regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PRKARIA). Strategies for the investigation and treatment of AIMAH and PPNAD are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2000

[Bilateral post-traumatic adrenal hemorrhage. Report of a case with acute adrenal insufficiency].

Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage of traumatic origin is rarely observed or possibly missed in severely multi-traumatised patients. It can lead to a potentially fatal adrenal shock. Its emergency diagnosis is made by imaging techniques, usually by CT-scan. Early substitution therapy has to be done. This complication emphasizes the importance of an immediate abdominal morphological exploration in multi-traumatized patients when this is feasible.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the adrenal gland of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia, Lacertidae): evidence for its involvement in the modulation of adrenal activity.

The occurrence of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity was investigated in the adrenal gland of the lizard Podarcis sicula by ABC immunocytochemical technique: SP-immunoreactivity was present in both adrenaline and noradrenaline cells, in ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the connective capsule surrounding the gland. The involvement of substance P in the modulation of pituitary-interrenal axis was studied in vivo by intraperitoneal injections of SP. The effects were estimated by means of the morphological and morphometrical features of the tissues, as well as the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Substance P (0.07 mg/100 g body wt) decreased ACTH plasma levels and raised corticosterone release from steroidogenic tissue, that showed clear signs of stimulation. In the chromaffin tissue, the decrease in the number of noradrenaline cells, and the increase in the number of adrenaline cells, lowered numeric noradrenaline/adrenaline cell ratio. Moreover, an increase in adrenaline plasma level and a decrease in noradrenaline plasma level were found. The results suggest that (1) also in Reptiles as in other Vertebrates, SP may affect pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and (2) the chromaffin cells may be involved in the paracrine control of steroidogenic activity.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

Adrenal hemangioma: an unusual adrenal mass delineated with magnetic resonance imaging.

Adrenal hemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of any large calcified adrenal mass. We report to our knowledge the eighth surgically removed lesion and describe its appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. This imaging includes features seen in hemangiomas elsewhere, in particular a heterogeneous mass with enhancing peripheral high intensity foci on T1 images.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Primary T-cell lymphoma of the adrenal glands with adrenal insufficiency.

A 74-year-old man with bilateral adrenal gland masses presented with adrenal insufficiency. Biopsies and immunohistochemical staining of both masses revealed a large cell T-cell lymphoma. The lymphoma subsequently involved the central nervous system. A review of the literature disclosed that this is an extremely uncommon presentation of lymphoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Is repeated exposure to immobilization needed to induce adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis? Influence of adrenal factors.

We have previously observed that a single exposure to a severe stressor such as immobilization in wooden boards (IMO) resulted in a faster return of plasma corticosterone (and to a lesser extent of ACTH) to basal activity when the rats were exposed again to the same stressor. In addition, the effect enhanced with time (days) elapsed between the two exposures. These data raised the question of to what extent adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to repeated stress might be, at least partially, explained by the time elapsed between the two exposures rather than by daily repetition of the stressor. To answer this question and the role of glucocorticoids in the process, we studied the effects of single versus repeated exposure to IMO on the HPA response to the same stressor in both sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats maintained with corticosterone in their drinking saline (ADX+B). In sham rats, daily exposure to 20 min IMO for 9 days resulted in a decrease of the ACTH response to the stressor and a faster return of corticosterone to basal levels in the post-stress period. Similar effects were observed with a single session of IMO 8 days before. In ADX+B rats, a reduction of the ACTH response to the stressor was observed in repeated IMO rats but not in single IMO rats. The present results suggest that (i) in sham rats, a single exposure to IMO can induce a degree of adaptation of the HPA response to the same stressor applied days later that is very similar to that caused by repeated exposure to the situation; (ii) stress-induced release of glucocorticoids (or other adrenal factors) is not mandatory for the development of adaptation of the HPA axis to repeated stress, but may be involved in the long-term effects of a single exposure to stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗