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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Argyrophilic cells in carcinoma of the female breast.

Argyrophilic hormone storage granules were sought in the tissue specimens obtained from 52 benign breast lesions (13 normal breasts, 27 cases of fibrocystic disease, 9 fibroadenomas, 2 intraductal papillomas, and 3 cases of gynecomastia) and from 90 adenocarcinomas of the female breast. No argyrophilic cells were found in the normal breast tissue or in the benign lesions studied. In three of the carcinomas (3.3%) such granules were found in the tumor cells. Using electron microscopy, the argyrophilic granules were shown to be of moderate or high electron density with an average diameter of 165 to 170 nm. Ectopic hormone production was not observed clinically in any of these three patients. The absence of argyrophilic cells in normal and benign ductal and acinar epithelium, and their occasional presence in breast carcinomas favors the concept of the histogenesis of these cells through genomic derepression during the course of neoplastic transformation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Breast neoplasms containing bone and cartilage.

A total of 307 breast neoplasms and tumour-like conditions were reviewed to assess the frequency with which bone and/or cartilage occurred. Of 90 fibroadenomas, 1 (1.1%) and 2 of 158 breast carcinomas (1.3%) contained bone, one benign mesenchymoma contained cartilage, and one benign "mixed" tumour (pleomorphic adenoma) displayed cartilage and bone. Twenty-two papillomas and 34 cases of gynaecomastia did not contain any cartilage or bone. This study confirms the impression that the occurrence of bone or cartilage in human breast neoplasms is rare. These lesions are briefly discussed with reference to the pertinent literature.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

Altered carbohydrate metabolism in breast cancer and benign breast affections.

Breast diseases in 792 women were studied by biopsy and histological evaluation. In all subjects glucose tolerance was examined by OGTT (100 g glucose). The diabetes frequency of 22% in 326 women with breast cancer was compared with the frequency in women with fibroadenoma (n = 101), papilloma (n = 80), fibrocystic disease (n = 107), lipoma, granuloma, fibrosis (n = 88), papilloma with proliferation (n = 32), mastopathy with proliferation (n = 33) and carcinoma in situ lobulare (n = 11). The statistical evaluation was done with an electronic data processing system. We used matched pairs according to age, height and weight. Diabetogenic factors like age and overweight were thus allowed for. These comparative statistics showed a frequency of diabetes twice or three times higher in women with breast cancer. This result cannot be regarded as a consequence of age, overweight and menopause. In groups with fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease and lipoma, we found glucose tolerance in 1-3%, whereas the group with proliferation (including carcinoma in situ) showed an incidence of 7%. The remarkably high incidence rate of 14% in women with papilloma can be explained by the higher age and the more frequent obesity in this collective.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1984

Stromal cells of the fibroadenoma of the human breast. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Fourteen fibroadenomas of the human breast were examined by light and electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry for actin. They were classified into 3 groups according to their stromal patterns; myxoid, fibrous-cellular and sclerotic. Actin immunohistochemistry revealed that the stromal areas were strongly positive in the fibrous-cellular group and weakly positive in the myxoid and sclerotic groups. By electron microscopy the stromal cells in most cases of the myxoid and fibrous-cellular groups were fibroblasts, containing varying amounts of microfilaments, 5-7 nm in diameter (actin type filaments). However, a dense body was not usually present suggesting these stromal cells were variants of myofibroblasts. The amount of microfilaments in fibroblasts was greater in the fibrous-cellular group than in the myxoid group. This was consistent with the results of actin immunohistochemistry. In 3 cases of the fibrous-cellular group peculiar structures simulating Z-lines of striated muscles were noted in some stromal cells. Since no myosin filaments were detected, they were regarded as intermediate structures between Z-lines of striated muscles and dense bodies of smooth muscles. In the sclerotic group, stromal fibroblasts were sparse and had fewer organelles.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical localization of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane in normal, benign and malignant human breast lesions.

Distributions of actin and type IV collagen were investigated immunohistochemically as markers for myoepithelial cells and basement membranes. Carnoy's and Methacarn-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 103 human breast lesions from 103 patients were examined; 65 with carcinomas, 27 with mastopathies, 9 with fibroadenomas and 2 with phyllodes tumours. Fifty-five samples of the normal mammary gland tissue adjacent to tumours were also included for comparison. In normal breast and benign breast diseases, type IV collagen was identified around the mammary glandular cells and actin-positive cells were demonstrated to attach to basement membranes. In noninvasive carcinomas, type IV collagen was found as a continuous lining around a cell nest, while actin-positive cells were usually absent in ductal but quite numerous in lobular carcinomas. In invasive carcinomas, type IV collagen was fragmented or absent and actin-positive cells were very uncommon around the fragmentary basement membranes. These results suggest that the different distributions of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane material is useful in the differential diagnosis of surgical pathology of the breast.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of epidermal growth factor receptors in benign and malignant ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied with monoclonal antibody 2E9 on 50 ovarian tumors of various histological types and 10 non-tumorous ovarian tissues by immunohistochemistry. Enhanced expression was observed in 26/50 (52%) of the tumors. Only 25 out of 46 epithelial tumors (54%) showed positivity in epithelial tumor cells. Staining was cytoplasmic in all cases. No correlation was established between EGF-R expression and the histological type of the epithelial tumor. Apart from EGF-R expression in tumor cells, low immunoreactivity was also observed in stromal and endothelial cells in both normal and tumorous ovarian tissues. Furthermore in 8/9 specimens containing necrotic areas, EGF-R was noticed in these areas as well. Both of the latter observations may have impact on the evaluation of the prognostic value of EGF-R activity in tumors, when based on EGF-R measurements using biochemical binding studies. We therefore recommend that EGF-R is measured with both methods in studies regarding its clinical value.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in normal and diseased human breast.

Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identifies a minor subpopulation of immunoreactive myoepithelial cells in the normal resting human breast. The GFAP-immunoreactive cells also express a panel of myoepithelial cell markers, including cytokeratin 14 (CK 14), vimentin, smooth-muscle-specific actin isoforms, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA). The percentage of GFAP-immunoreactive myoepithelial cells is greatly increased in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the breast, being highest in adenomyoepitheliomas. Furthermore, in all the instances of fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumour, epitheliosis and gynaecomastia, a variable number of epithelial cells also acquires immunoreactivity for GFAP, vimentin, CK 14, NGFR and, to a lesser extent, for CALLA. Conversely, GFAP immunoreactivity has never been encountered in the malignant cells of the different types of breast carcinoma. These findings suggest that the expression of GFAP might be a (possibly transient) feature of proliferating epithelial and myoepithelial cells in breast diseases other than carcinomas.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical studies on oncogene products (c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc) and estrogen receptor in benign and malignant breast lesions. With special reference to their prognostic significance in carcinoma.

It is a matter of debate whether the amplification of c-erbB-2 oncogene or production of the oncoprotein in breast cancers correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis and with a poor prognosis. This study was aimed at elucidating the immunohistochemical localization of oncogene products which are related to cell growth, c-erbB-2 product, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-myc protein and estrogen receptor (ER), in benign and malignant lesions of the breast. Fresh frozen sections of 25 breast cancers and 11 fibroadenomas from Japanese women were studied by indirect immunoperoxidase method with proper fixation. C-erbB-2 product and EGFR were localized on the cell membrane whereas c-myc protein and ER were observed in the nuclei. Immunohistochemical expression of oncogene products and ER were not only observed in the mammary carcinomas but also in the fibroadenomas. However immunoreactivities of EGFR and ER were more frequently seen in the fibroadenomas (p less than 0.05). In breast cancers, the incidence of immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 was higher in the cases with lymph node metastasis than cases without nodal metastasis (p less than 0.05) and there was reciprocal correlation between the expressions of EGFR and ER (p less than 0.05). Regarding the size of the primary tumour, there was no statistically significant correlation with the expressions of c-erbB-2, EGFR, c-myc or ER. Histological grade correlated only with the expression of ER (p less than 0.05).

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1992

Histopathology of myoepithelial (basocellular) hyperplasias in adenosis and epitheliosis of the breast demonstrated by the reactivity of cytokeratins and S100 protein. An analysis of heterogenic cell proliferations in 90 cases of benign and malignant breast diseases.

This study on the different types of epithelial hyperplasia in fibrocystic disease was inspired by the observation of myoepithelial (basocellular) hyperplasia identified by strong expression of S100 protein and a weak reaction with antibodies against cytokeratin (KL1) in cells forming solid and acinar buds. The cells do not contain immunohistochemically detectable actin or desmin. Glandular transformation and proliferation give rise to basocellular circumductal adenosis. Normal breast tissue, 51 cases of fibrocystic disease with mild, florid and atypical hyperplasias, 7 fibroadenomas and 20 cases of carcinoma in situ were studied and a semiquantitative analysis revealed basal buds and adenosis in less than 40% of cases of mild hyperplasia and up to 73% in florid hyperplasia. Epitheliosis is characterized by a heterogeneous cell pattern with cells positive for S100 protein in 30-60%, but in small ducts up to 100% with an immediate connection to the basal cell layer were positive. Carcinoma in situ contained very rare tumour cells positive for S100 protein. The cells expressing S100 protein in terminal ducts, in adenosis and epitheliosis showed only some of the characteristics of myoepithelial cells, since they lack immunoreactivity with antibodies against actin. These basal clear cells are interpreted as transitional or indeterminate cells with features of myoepithelial precursor cells, but with the ability to develop basocellular nodular and glandular hyperplasia in the ductulo-lobular units in cases of adenosis and juvenile fibroadenoma.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1993

Expression of beta 1 integrins in non-neoplastic mammary epithelium, fibroadenoma and carcinoma of the breast.

beta 1 Integrins were examined immunohistochemically in normal and mastopathic mammary glands, 12 benign tumours and 90 carcinomas of the breast using monoclonal antibodies against beta 1 and alpha 1 to alpha 6 subunits. When compared with epithelial cells of non-neoplastic mammary glands and of benign tumours, carcinoma cells showed considerable quantitative changes in the pattern of alpha 2, alpha 3 and alpha 6 subunit expression. In contrast, the distribution pattern of beta 1, alpha 1, alpha 4 and alpha 5 antigens corresponded to the situation observed in non-neoplastic mammary gland epithelium in most instances. An abnormal expression of alpha 2 was found in 71.0% of the carcinomas ranging from a remarkably low number of alpha 2-positive tumour cells in 27.5% of the cases to a complete absence of the alpha 2 molecule in 43.5% of the carcinomas. Of the carcinomas 39.9% exhibited quantitative changes in alpha 3 expression with an abnormally low content of alpha 3-positive neoplastic cells in 15.4% and a complete absence of this molecule in 24.5% of the cases. Expression of alpha 6 was abnormal in 73.2% of the carcinomas, consisting in a greater number of alpha 6-negative tumour cells in 31.9% and in a complete absence of alpha 6 in 41.3% of the tumours. The abnormally low expression/absence of alpha 2 and alpha 3 subunits correlated with oestrogen receptor negativity (P < 0.033 and P < 0.04, respectively). In addition, abnormally low expression/absence of alpha 2 correlated with poor differentiation of the tumours (P < 0.014). The quantitative changes in the expression pattern of beta 1-associated alpha subunits in breast carcinomas may cause a disturbed cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction that increases the invasive and migratory property of the tumour cells.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibroadenoma.

The common breast fibroadenoma makes up between one-third and one-half of biopsies for benign breast disease. The contemporary view is that it is an abnormality of normal development and involution rather than a neoplasm. Various other benign conditions may be clinically indistinguishable, and histological confirmation was only obtained in 68% of 321 masses thought to be fibroadenomas. Short-term (13-24 mo) follow-up of 201 masses, thought to be fibroadenomas on clinical and cytological grounds, showed resolution in 31% and regression in a further 12%, this behavior being more common with single lesions; a further 32% increased in size. There have been no long-term studies, but it is likely that most regress toward the end of a woman's reproductive years. Aspiration cytology can differentiate malignant from benign disease with great accuracy, but had impaired sensitivity (87%) and specificity (76%) in differentiating fibroadenoma from other benign processes in an analysis of 244 successful aspirates. While these lesions may be safely left in women under 25 years of age, only 19 (27%) of 70 women of this age group chose this option and excision remains the most frequent treatment.

Adenofibroma↗