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PubMed2006

[Questionnaire on suitableness and acceptableness of cancer notification in aged Japanese prostate cancer patients].

PURPOSE: In Japan, sometimes a patient with malignant fatal disease is not informed the diagnosis. We tried to investigate if the informed consent of cancer notification is acceptable and suitable for aged Japanese prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to June 2003, we distributed a questionnaire to outpatients who had been followed up for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. These patients declared a wish to be notified the true diagnosis in their first visit to our department and were informed that they had prostate cancer just after the diagnosis. Ninety-one per cent of patients (54 patients, mean age was 74.8 +/- 6.1 years old) answered to our questionnaire. Clinical stage consisted of 14 cases of B1, 13 cases of B2, 15 cases of C, 3 cases of D1, and 9 cases of D2. The histopathological grade consisted of 6 cases of well differentiated carcinoma, 32 cases of moderately differentiated carcinoma, and 16 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Eleven cases underwent total prostatectomy (B1 and B2) and 44 cases had androgen deprivation therapy. RESULTS: Seventy-six per cent of patients understood and accepted their illness within a few days. However, 11% of patients took more than 3 months to accept their malignant disease. They answered that they could accept their illness given with a relationship of mutual trust between themselves as patients and the medical staff, effective medical treatment, and with the help of their family. They also answered that the most important emotional support was given by their wives (46.3%) and doctors (27.8%). In the early days following the diagnosis, they worried about their remaining days, the risks or side effects of the treatment, their family, and their job. Several months following the diagnosis, they were concerned about recurrence of the disease, their family, medical expenses, and their old age. Those who did not worry at all doubled from 11.1% immediately after the diagnosis to 22.2% several months later. More than 90% of the patients were satisfied with our medical care. And none answered that they might have been happier without cancer notification. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer notification is acceptable and suitable in aged Japanese prostate cancer patients who declare a wish to know their malignant illness. A good relationship between the patients and the medical staff, and emotional support from the wife are important.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[The percentage of articles which were accepted or rejected for publication in the Dutch Journal of Medicine in 1997].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the acceptance and rejection percentages of articles submitted to the editors of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (NTvG) in 1997. DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: The data on all articles reviewed by the editors of the NTvG in 1997 were extracted from the registration system in April 1998. These included the outcome of the review process (rejection or acceptance for publication or no definite decision yet), the article category (e.g., original article, review article), and whether the article had been solicited by the editors or was a spontaneous submission. RESULTS: In 1997, 845 articles were received. Of these 28% (240) were rejected and 59% (497) were accepted for publication. On 13% (108) no decision had been made (in April 1998). Of the articles decided upon 36% were rejected (extrapolated). 705/845 (83%) articles were unsolicited: of these 33% (235) were rejected and 54% (382) accepted; on 13% (88) the decision was pending. The solicited articles numbered 140 (17%); of these 4% (5) were rejected and 82% (115) were accepted; on 14% (20) no decision had been made yet. CONCLUSION: The rejection of articles submitted to NTvG in 1997 was 36% (in 1990 38%). Solicited articles were rejected less frequently than unsolicited ones. The yearly number of articles submitted and the rejection percentage have not changed drastically during the last eight years.

Journalism, Medical↗
PubMed1999

Adolescent suicide prevention: acceptability of school-based programs among secondary school principals.

High school principals' acceptability ratings of three school-based programs for the prevention of adolescent suicide were examined. From a random sample of members from the 1994-1995 membership directory of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP), a total of 185 (40%) respondents completed the Suicide Prevention Program Rating Profile (SPPRP), a measure designed to evaluate the acceptability of suicide prevention programs, after reading a description of a particular prevention program. Programs evaluated for their acceptability included (1) curriculum-based programs presented to students, (2) in-service presentations to school staff, and (3) student self-report screening measures. The results indicated that the curriculum-based and staff in-service programs were significantly more acceptable to principals than was the schoolwide student screening program. No significant differences between the acceptability of curriculum-based and inservice programs were found. Limitations of the study and implications for practice and research are discussed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acceptability of food supplements in pregnant or lactating women and children under 5 years of age].

OBJECTIVE: The present study explores the acceptance and consumption of nutritional supplements that form part of a governmental program to support nutritionally vulnerable groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant and lactating women, and mothers of malnourished toddlers, infants and children were interviewed. Data were collected, after introduction with an interview guide with an open-ended format, through face-to-face interviews conducted at home. Interviews were taped with previous informed consent. Analysis included topics and subtopics approached by the interviewed women. RESULTS: The studied population showed good acceptance to the supplement when offered as a drink. When considering benefits, pregnant women thought first of their baby's health than of their own and associated the possible advantages of the supplement to its "vitamin" contents. Acceptance of the flavors was largely influenced by previous contact to specific flavors. Children under 1 year of age preferred the liquid consistency and elderly children favored the puree. Most mothers considered that the offered amount was enough and there was the general impression that, as the time of the intervention elapsed, children showed greater appetite. The diet was not substituted by the supplement. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance of the supplement may be improved by messages focusing on the well-being and health of the child and insisting on the benefits for the pregnant mother. Community health providers should be involved in supporting the program, recommending consumption and acceptance of the supplement. The identification by mothers of "vitamins" as part of the supplement may be used to reinforce the concept of beneficial effects associated to micronutrient supplementation. Qualitative evaluations should be performed as part of the assessment of community-based programs.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

A quantitative study comparing adjustment and acceptance of illness in adults on renal replacement therapy.

Adjustment and acceptance of illness are major factors influencing quality of life in different modes of renal replacement therapy. A quantitative tool was used to compare adjustment and acceptance of illness in adult patients on maintenance dialysis to those with a functioning renal transplant. A questionnaire incorporating Felton's Acceptance of Illness Scale was sent to 273 patients receiving replacement therapy for end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Leicester, UK. The instrument examined the effects of a variety of clinical and social parameters on the Acceptance of Illness Scale Score (AISS). Patients with a functioning renal transplant had a significantly higher AISS than patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) (P < 0.0001). Patients in employment or full-time education had a higher AISS than other patients (P < 0.01). White/Caucasian ethnic origin had a higher AISS than Asian (P = 0.011). There were weak inverse correlations between age and AISS, and between AISS and perception of 'choice' in treatment modality. Health care professionals need to be aware of all variables that affect patient acceptance of illness in order to administer optimum clinical care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

[Acceptance or refusal of abortion for maternal reasons. Survey of 3021 employees of the Federal Government].

A survey was conducted among 3021 employees from the Mexican Federal Government regarding their acceptance or rejection of abortion in five different circumstances. Socioeconomic information was obtained from the interviewed and the result was that 23% totally rejected abortion, and 6% accepted abortion in any situation. Abortion was accepted by 61% in case of pregnancy threatens the mother's life; 63% in case a single woman has been raped; 41% if there are so many children and such situation implies economic problems for the family; 13% if the couple prefers to wait for an economic improvement; and 18% if the couple has decided to have no more than two kids. Also from the interviewed, 16% pointed out that abortion must be an exclusive decision from the woman and 29% thought it must be a shared decision with the partner. Abortion is better accepted by young people, by couples with few children or living in free union and by people with higher education level and higher income. It is also better accepted by people with no religion, or people who do not attend religious services or by whom religion does not affect their decisions in life.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Incorporating new recipes into the Armed Forces Recipe File: determination of acceptability.

As part of a project of decrease fat, cholesterol, and sodium in soldiers' diets, new ethnic and breakfast items were developed and standardized for 100 portions. Acceptability data were collected after initial recipe development, during recipe validation at a collaborating university, and in an actual Army garrison. Acceptability was determined using a nine-point hedonic scale; products rating > or = 6.0 in initial tests were prepared in garrison. Acceptability data were compared among test settings, ethnic categories, and food type. When grouped by ethnic categories, acceptability ratings varied more than when grouped by food type. Ratings varied most between development and validation settings (7.2 vs. 6.6; p < 0.05) and least between validation and actual Army settings (6.6 vs. 6.6; not significant). Because acceptability ratings were similar between the validation site and the Army garrison, future recipe development may continue without additional testing at actual Army garrisons, leading to more timely armed forces recipe file additions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence among U.S. adults.

Attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important correlate of violent behavior. This study examined acceptance of IPV using data collected from a nationally representative telephone survey of 5,238 adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to violence, question order, and acceptance of hitting a spouse or boyfriend/girlfriend under specific circumstances. Depending on the circumstance examined, acceptance of IPV was significantly higher among participants who were male and younger than 35; were non-White; were divorced, separated, or had never married; had not completed high school; had a low household income; or were victims of violence within the past 12 months. Participants were more accepting of women hitting men; they also were consistently more likely to report tolerance of IPV if they were asked first about women hitting men rather than men hitting women. Reports of IPV tolerance need to be interpreted within the context of the survey. Efforts to change IPV attitudes can be tailored to specific IPV circumstances and subgroups, and these efforts should emphasize that the use of physical violence is unacceptable to both genders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Factors associated with acceptance of patients for chronic dialysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is evidence suggesting that a number of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are not accepted for maintenance dialysis treatment, however, the factors that influence this process are not well known. METHODS: Data from patients who died of CRF in the city of São Paulo in 1998 were recorded from death certificates. The International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision, was used to select patients with an underlying cause of death associated with CRF. Patients who received dialysis were identified through the files of the São Paulo State Health Secretariat. Subjects accepted for dialysis or not were compared regarding demographic, socioeconomic factors and primary renal disease. RESULTS: Of 1225 subjects, 414 (33.8%) received dialysis and 811 (66.2%) did not. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of not being accepted for dialysis was greater in older (> 65 years; OR: 2.94 (2.28 3.79)) and in younger subjects (<18 years; OR: 3.20 (1.16-8.28)) compared to those aged 18-64 years. Single subjects had a greater chance of not being accepted for dialysis than married individuals (OR: 1.28 (1.01-1.65)). Patients with diabetes were less likely to receive dialysis than those with an unknown cause of renal failure (OR: 1.37 (1.01-1.86)). CONCLUSION: Age, underlying cause of renal failure and social support are associated with the acceptance of CRF patients for dialysis. Further studies are necessary to examine interventions to improve the access to treatment for potentially eligible patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sample sizes for batch acceptance from single- and multistage designs using two-sided normal tolerance intervals with specified content.

One quality control test in the pharmaceutical industry is a test for uniformity of content of a batch prior to release of the batch to market. For batch acceptance by this or other quantitative tests of batch quality, one approach uses two-sided tolerance intervals of specified content. If the tolerance interval falls entirely within an acceptance interval, the batch is accepted. This has the form of a statistical hypothesis test. Once we recognize this approach as a statistical test, we can ask what sample size is required to be able to accept the batch with a desired power. The power for a single-stage design is a bivariate noncentral t probability and can be determined using previously published algorithms. Using standard methods for interim analyses, the approach is extended to multistage designs. Power and sample size for multistage designs are validated with simulations. We demonstrate it is possible to design one- and two-stage designs for batch acceptance with desired power and specified type I level.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Rabies vaccines for veterinary use: difficulties in establishing potency acceptability thresholds.

The variability of a control test is sometimes difficult to assess. In fact this variability should be considered as a common basis of any biological test. The example of the NIH or PER test is given for veterinary rabies vaccines. The same acceptability threshold is accepted by everybody, both producers and control laboratory. But biological variability should induce the producers to determine a "working acceptability threshold" higher than the conventional one. This safety margin should be determined by the producer to counterbalance the variability of the test both in the producer and control laboratories so that most batches submitted to the official control are accepted. On the other hand, control laboratories should fulfil two "fair" requirements: reveal their flow charts and their margin of error to allow the producer to make the needed adjustments; reduce as far as possible the uncertainty of control tests by using the most accurate statistical interpretation to allow the producers to establish a "working acceptability threshold" not too much higher than the official one.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Infant acceptance of postexercise breast milk.

The purpose of this study was to observe the infant acceptance of postexercise breast milk. Twenty-six lactating postpartum women exercised to maximum (maximum oxygen consumption = 35.1 +/- 9.2 [SD] mL min-1 kg-1) on a treadmill. Breast milk was collected via self-expression at rest before exercise and at 10 and 30 minutes postexercise and analyzed for lactic acid by enzymatic methods. Following exercise, infants were presented with their mothers' pre-exercise and postexercise milk in a double-blind design. The mother rated the infant's acceptance of the milk samples. There was a significant difference in acceptance of pre-exercise and postexercise milk as analyzed by analysis of variance. Maximal exercise resulted in a significant increase in lactic acid concentration in breast milk that may be high enough to affect the taste of the milk. The decreased acceptance of postexercise milk was associated with increased lactic acid concentration. Suggestions to circumvent the decreased acceptance are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Development and comparison of user acceptance of advanced comprehensive triage PDA support system with a traditional terminal alternative system.

An advanced PDA support system for the triage was designed to evaluate users inverted exclamation mark | acceptance of this system compared with a traditional terminal system. Davis inverted exclamation mark | Technology Acceptance Model was used to evaluate users inverted exclamation mark | acceptance. All 72 ER nurses in a 2700-bed medical center were invited for the study. The results showed that the PDA system was easier to operate than the terminal one, but had worse interface. The subjects showed significantly greater willingness to accept the terminal system instead of the PDA system. The comparative acceptance of PDA, compared with that of the old system, might still be marginally too low if its interface couldn inverted exclamation mark |t be improved or no other unique practical benefits could be verified.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Male fertility regulation: a study on acceptance among men in Zimbabwe.

Both traditional and modern methods of family planning widely practised currently in most countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, focus solely on the woman. There is hardly data on male directed methods of fertility regulation, or indeed whether, or not, such contraceptive options are acceptable. Contraception, whether for spacing, avoiding unintended pregnancy or limiting family size, is almost always a female prerogative. This, in certain circumstances, is despite the available female method being contraindicated. Acceptance of male sterilisation (vasectomy), condom use and male contraceptive pill were investigated in a representative sample of 711 Zimbabwean men. Only 14 pc of men considered vasectomy an acceptable method of contraception and none of the men had current or previous use of this method. Seventeen percent of the men had prompted knowledge of this method, compared to 53 pc who had prompted knowledge of female sterilisation. Only six percent of respondents reported current use of condoms and amongst condom non-users, 58.9 pc would not use the method if asked by a wife or partner. Surprisingly, 31.7 pc of the male respondents reported that they would consider a male contraceptive pill or injection if available. Should husband want no more children, 42.2 pc of men said they would agree to wife sterilisation and 19.5 pc could consider vasectomy. Previous use of condoms was reported by 33.8 pc of the men. Eighty eight (88 pc) percent of respondents had some formal education, although acceptance rates decreased with less education and older ages. Circumstances during which a male method could be considered, reasons and socio-economic determinants for acceptance of male fertility regulatory methods are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Relation between resistance to oxidation and cholesterol acceptance of high density lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease].

Cholesterol (CH) acceptance ability of high density lipoproteins (HDL) was assessed in 43 ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, including patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and class II-III effort angina. CH acceptance ability of HDL was measured as increment of HDL CH after incubation with artificial CH-containing system. Oxidabilities of HDL and total plasma were estimated by quantitation of lipid peroxidation products (hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances - TBARS) after incubation with Cu(2+) ions. HDL fraction (after apo B lipoproteins removal) of IHD patients appeared to include 2 times less additive CH compared with donor's HDL despite lower (-12%) HDL CH level. Negative correlation (r =-0.38, p<0.05) existed between formed TBARS in HDL and HDL CH acceptance. In total plasma of IHD patients elevation of both formed TBARS and particularly hydroperoxides was observed. Parallelism between decrease of CH acceptance by HDL, oxidability of HDL and of total plasma testifies on weakness not only of CH-accepting, but also of antioxidant HDL functions in IHD patients.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed2002

The socio-legal acceptance of new technologies: a close look at artificial insemination.

Heated debates often surround the introduction of an important new technology into society, as exemplified by current controversies surrounding human cloning and privacy protection on the Internet. Underlying these controversies are disruptions to central socio-legal values caused by these new technologies. Whether new technologies will eventually be accepted by society is often contingent on the reaction of the legal system. This mandates the formulation of a conceptual framework for understanding and structuring the way the law should react in cases surrounding the adoption of new technologies. By using the case study of artificial insemination this Article develops the tools for structuring the legal role in the acceptance process of new technologies. The three-century controversy surrounding the innovation of artificial insemination results from the innovations' disruption of the socio-legal value of the family. Artificial Insemination--although invented in the eighteenth-century--was rarely used until the 1930s, and only legalized in the 1960s. Its application to surrogacy and its use by unmarried women extends the controversy into the twenty-first century. The case study demonstrates the nature of the relationship among the technological, social and legal acceptance processes of new technologies, and analyzes the legal acceptance debate. The conceptual framework produced is useful in understanding and structuring the legal role in current debates surrounding the introduction and acceptance of new technologies.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

[A study on the factors influencing the acceptance of disability and depression of home oxygen therapy patients].

The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors which affect the acceptance of disability and depression of home oxygen therapy (HOT) patients. Subjects consisted of 74 male and 29 female HOT patients, for a total of 103 subjects with chronic respiratory problems. The mean age was 72.1 years (SD = 9.3). A questionnaire survey consisting if the following independent variables 1) demography factor 2) disease specific factor 3) psycho-sociological factor was implemented. The Linkowski AD scale was used to assess the acceptance of disability and the CES-D scale for the assessment of depression. Multiple regression analysis was applied in order to extract the factors which affect acceptance of disability and depression. The following are the results. The psycho-sociological factor items'depression (beta = -.273)', 'interpersonal exchange with individuals other than family members (beta = .270)', 'the range of activity (beta = .203)' were found to be significant variables influencing the acceptance of disability, accounting for 48.3% of the explained variance. As for the factors influencing depression, the demographic factor item'age (beta = -.174)', disease specific factor item'dyspnea (beta = .284)', psycho -sociological factor items'being worried about oxygen inhalation in public (beta = .218)', 'mental support from family (beta = -.228)', 'interpersonal exchange with individuals other than family members (beta = -.205)', 'the degree of exchange with individuals with the same disease (beta = -.170)' 'the range of activity (beta = -.201)' were found to be significant variables accounting for 48.9% of the explained variance. For acceptance of disability and get over depression, we suggest the importance of the intervention for keep a sociality.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Selective breeding of miniature swine leads to an increased rate of acceptance of MHC-identical, but not of class I-disparate, renal allografts.

Previous work from this laboratory demonstrated that tolerance to MHC-identical or class I-disparate renal allografts develops in approximately one third of miniature swine without exogenous immunosuppression. A back-cross study indicated that rejection of MHC-identical transplants due to minor Ag was controlled by one or possibly two non-MHC-linked, autosomal dominant Ir genes. According to this hypothesis, and assuming complete penetrance, graft acceptors would be homozygous recessive at the relevant Ir loci, as would their offspring. Alternatively, if the gene(s) were incompletely penetrant, then two acceptors could give rise to a rejector. However, a high rate of MHC-identical graft acceptance would still be expected in the offspring of acceptors even if the Ir gene(s) were incompletely penetrant. To test this hypothesis and to obtain a higher frequency of acceptor animals for studies of tolerance, a program of selective breeding of renal allograft acceptors was begun. In the present paper, we assess the effect of selective breeding on renal graft acceptance. The analysis indicates a marked increase in the rate of MHC-identical graft acceptance, from 27.3% (n = 24) for the earliest of the four chronologic subgroups assessed to 64.5% (n = 33) for the most recent subgroup (p less than 0.0001). Calculations of kinship revealed that the increased acceptance of MHC-identical grafts was not the result of differences between acceptors and rejectors in donor/recipient consanguinity. Class I-disparate grafts (n = 128) were similarly stratified chronologically and compared. Unlike MHC-identical grafts, the rate of acceptance of class I-disparate grafts has not changed over time. We conclude that rejector/acceptor status with respect to class I MHC incompatibility is determined by genetic factors in addition to those that control responses to minor antigen incompatibilities only.

Animals↗