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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Expression of Lewis(x) sugar structure in the liver metastasis of mouse colon carcinoma (colon 26) cells.

Immunohistochemical aspects of the process of experimentally induced metastasis were examined by light and electron microscopy employing a series of labeled carbohydrate-specific monoclonal antibodies as probes. Liver metastasis was induced by injecting mouse colon carcinoma cell (colon 26) into the spleen of Balb/c mice. Labeled anti-Lewis(x) (Le(x)) antibody stained the metastasized colon 26 cells strongly compared with the heterogeneous and faint staining in non-metastasized tumor foci in the spleen or in the subcutaneous space. Other antibodies having specificities for Lewis-related antigens other than Le(x), e.g. those against Le(y), Le(a), Le(b), sialyl Le(x) and sialyl Le(a), did not show any differences in binding between metastasized cells and non-metastasized tumor foci. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the expression of Le(x)-carbohydrate in the plasma membranes as well as in the intercellular spaces of metastasized colon 26 cells in the liver. Based on these results, it is likely that sugar chains containing the Le(x)-carbohydrate structure are involved in the interactions between colon 26 cells and hepatic cells during the process of liver metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Influence of colonizing micro-flora on the mucin histochemistry of the neonatal mouse colon.

Mucin histochemistry on sections of colon from germ-free and conventional mouse pups showed that all goblet cell mucins were sulphated at birth. During the first two weeks of post natal development, the pattern of mucin production in the ascending colon changed to a distribution of non-sulphated mucins towards the apical zone of the crypts and sulphated sialomucins basally. In conventional animals during the third postnatal week when the complex micro-flora of the colon was becoming established, the typical adult mucin distribution pattern developed, with sulphated mucins now confined to the upper third of the crypt. However, in the absence of a colonizing micro-flora crypt mucins become more and more sulphated until at weaning, most goblet cells of the ascending colon were producing fully or partially sulphated mucins, except for one or two cells at the very base of the crypt.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Non-fixation of the colon in colonic atresia: a new finding.

Colonic atresia is a rare cause of congenital bowel obstruction. We have recently encountered two neonates with colonic atresia in whom the colon was displaced entirely to the midline on contrast enema examination. At surgery both patients had type III atresias (blind ends with a mesenteric defect), and were found to have non-fixation of the colon, accounting for its unusual midline positioning. This has not been previously described in the literature. In addition, one of the patients had a stormy post-operative course due to unsuspected Hirschsprung's disease. This represents the eighth case of associated colonic atresia and Hirschsprung's disease in the literature.

Colon↗
PubMed1996

Synchronous colon primaries have the same prognosis as solitary colon cancers.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the prognosis of patients with synchronous colon primary tumors. METHODS: An 18-year, multi-institutional database of 4,878 colon cancer patients was reviewed, and patients with synchronous tumors were identified. Survival for each group was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank analysis. RESULTS: There were 160 patients (3.3 percent) with 339 synchronous tumors. Eight percent of these patients had more than two tumors at the time of diagnosis. TNM staging of all synchronous tumors was 12 percent Stage 0, 41 percent Stage I, 21 percent Stage II, 16 percent Stage III, and 7 percent Stage IV. Based on highest stage lesion, 1 percent of patients were at Stage 0, 28 percent Stage I, 33 percent Stage II, 25 percent Stage III, and 11 percent Stage IV. Disease-specific five-year survival by highest stage was 87 percent for Stage 0 or I, 69 percent for Stage II, 50 percent for Stage III, and 14 percent for Stage IV (all differences significant by log-rank test). These "highest stage" survivals for patients with synchronous tumors were not significantly different from survival of patients with the same stage solitary tumors in our database or from survival of patients with solitary colon cancer in national tumor databases. CONCLUSION: For patients with synchronous colon cancers, survival is the same as for patients with solitary colon tumors on a stage-for-stage basis, when highest stage synchronous tumor is considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between parietal blood flow studies in the left colon and the rectum in dogs. Colonic pressure and blood flow.

An animal model was proposed to clarify the difference in occurrence of enterocolitis in congenital aganglionosis. When gaseous distention of the colon was localized to the rectosigmoid area, enterocolitis never occurred. On the contrary, when it involved the left colon, enterocolitis occurred in 13 of 15 patients. Intestinal blood flow rates were simultaneously measured in the left colon and rectum of six dogs by using labeled microspheres and expressed in function of the intraluminal pressure. Results show that for elevated values of intraluminal pressure, blood flow was significantly lower in the left colon than in the rectum. These results may explain why ischemia and necrosis occurred more frequently in the left colon than in the rectum.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Malakoplakia of the colon and recurrent colonic strictures in a patient with primary hypogammaglobulinemia: an association not previously described.

A nine-year old boy with primary hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent colonic strictures who developed malakoplakia of the colon is reported on. Such an association has not been reported previously. The development of colonic strictures is not considered a gastrointestinal manifestation of hypogammaglobulinemia. Malakoplakia of the colon is a rare disease, with 26 cases being reported to date. Only five children under age 13 have been reported with colonic malakoplakia and none with hypogammaglobulinemia. Hypogammaglobulinemia should be added to the growing list of conditions predisposing to the development of malakoplakia.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed2005

Calculating colon transit time with radionuclide-filled capsules in constipated patients: a new method for colon transit study.

BACKGROUND: Colon motility disorders require reliable methods for calculating segmental colonic transit time. This study evaluated bowel transit time by means of a safe, easy, cheap, non-digestive, and non-disintegrating radionuclide-filled capsule that provided accurate and clear images. METHODS: Radionuclide-filled mini-containers (MCs) were prepared from infusion sets by an apparatus used for sealing blood bags or plasmapheresis sets. In vitro stability studies were performed by immersing 5% methylene blue dye-filled MCs in buffers of variable pH and enzymes simulating the conditions in the stomach and the small bowel. Colon transit scintigraphy was performed with MCs filled with iodine 131 (n = 5) and thallium 201 (n = 8) that were placed in a commercially available capsule. RESULTS: By in vitro acid, base, and intestinal enzyme resistance tests, no methylene blue leakage was determined visually and by spectrophotometric analysis. Accurate and clear images were obtained for colon transit study in constipated patients. After excretion of MCs in the feces, abdominal, myocardial, thyroid, and urinary bladder region counts were found to show the same activity as the background. Radionuclide leakage from MCs was not determined in vivo by gamma camera. CONCLUSIONS: This is a suitable, safe, easy, and cheap method to provide accurate and clear images for colon transit study in constipated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A male newborn with colonic atresia and total colonic aganglionosis.

A case of colonic atresia (CA) and aganglionosis is presented, which is probably the tenth in the English literature. The boy presented on day 3 of life with delayed passage of meconium, milk intolerance, and progressive abdominal distension. A barium enema study was complicated by barium peritonitis. Emergency peritoneal lavage was done and the intestinal obstruction was relieved by a proximal defunctioning ileostomy; type III CA (Grosfeld classification) was identified. The proximal atretic end was the blind-ending caecum and the distal atretic end commenced in the splenic area as a microcolon extending to the pelvis and replacing the normal colon. Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) was confirmed by biopsies. This is the first case in the literature of TCA with CA documented before any attempts at colonic resection and anastomosis were made. This association highlights the recommendation for biopsy of the micro-colon and rectum when Type III CA (Grosfeld classification) is encountered in a newborn. The infant underwent a cholecystectomy and Duhamel-Martin operation at 14 months that was complicated by abdominal wound dehiscence; the ileostomy was closed at 22 months of age.

Colectomy↗
PubMed2003

Primary anastomosis after intraoperative colonic lavage vs. Hartmann's procedure in generalized peritonitis complicating diverticular disease of the colon.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: For complicated diverticulitis Hartmann's procedure remains the favored option in patients with acute complicated sigmoid disease, but there has been increasing interest in primary resection and anastomosis with intraoperative colonic lavage. This study compared primary resection with intraoperative colonic lavage and Hartmann's procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and November 2001, 60 patients underwent emergency laparotomy for diverticular peritonitis (Hinchey stages III and IV). Primary resection and anastomosis with intraoperative colonic lavage was performed in 27 patients and Hartmann's procedure in 33. All data were collected prospectively on a standardized form. RESULTS: Mortality with intraoperative colonic lavage was 11% and with Hartmann's procedure 12%. The incidence of postoperative complication was significantly higher after Hartmann's procedure. The mean hospital stay was significantly longer after Hartmann's procedure than after primary resection with intraoperative colic lavage. CONCLUSION: Primary resection with intraoperative colonic lavage compares favorably with Hartmann's procedure for diffuse purulent peritonitis in complicated diverticulitis. It should be an alternative to Hartmann's procedure in stercoral peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Colonic obstruction induced by plasma cell granuloma of the transverse colon: report of a case.

Plasma cell granuloma is mainly composed of reactive plasma cell proliferation, the origin of which is uncertain. Immunohistochemically, the plasma cells are characterized by a polyclonal nature, and must be distinguished from plasmacytoma which displays a monoclonal nature. This tumor is most commonly found in the lung and bronchus, but has rarely been described in the alimentary tract. We report herein a case of plasma cell granuloma of the transverse colon. A 71-year-old woman was admitted for lower abdominal pain with severe inflammation and anemia. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography showed an abdominal tumor. Barium enema revealed the tumor to be located in the transverse colon causing colonic obstruction. The resected tumor was spherical and mainly spread in the submucosal layer. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of severe infiltration of mature plasma cells within the spindle-shaped myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical studies showed IgA, IgG, IgM, and kappa and lambda chains, and revealed a polyclonal nature of the plasma cells. Thus, a pathological diagnosis of plasma cell granuloma affecting the transverse colon was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful surgical resection of plasma cell granuloma of the colon.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effects of liquid versus solid diet on colonic transit in humans. Evaluation by standard colonic transit scintigraphy.

The effects of liquid versus solid diet on human colonic transit were investigated, and transit following cecal instillation of tracer was compared with transit following instillation in the proximal jejunum. In a randomized cross-over, single-blind fashion, 6 normal volunteers ingesting either normal solid foods or a liquid diet were studied using colonic transit scintigraphy. 111In-DTPA was instilled either into the cecum via a long intestinal tube or into the proximal jejunum via a feeding tube. Compared with the liquid diet, the solid diet slowed transit in the cecum and ascending colon (p less than 0.025) and delayed progression of the geometric center (p less than 0.05) during the first 4 h of the study. Transit from 18 to 48 h was similar on the 2 diets. On the solid diet, transit was similar whether 111In-DTPA was instilled into the proximal jejunum or into the cecum. Transit from the terminal ileum to the cecum was assessed in an additional 5 volunteers following jejunal instillation of 99mTc-DTPA. Cecal filling was rapid (T1/2 = 0.49 h) and complete in all subjects before the onset of cecal emptying. These results suggest that colonic transit is slower on a solid than a liquid diet and that jejunal instillation of radiopharmaceuticals should be suitable for colonic transit studies in most subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Colon cancer and solar ultraviolet B radiation and prevention and treatment of colon cancer in mice with vitamin D and its Gemini analogs.

It has been recognized that people who live at higher latitudes and who are vitamin D deficient are at higher risk of dying from many common cancers including colon cancer. To evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency on colon tumor growth, Balb/c adult male mice were fed either a vitamin D sufficient or vitamin D deficient diet for 10 weeks. Mice were arranged into groups of six and each animal received subcutaneously 10(4) MC-26 cells in the posterior trunk. The tumor size was recorded daily. By day 9 there was a significant difference in tumor volume between the vitamin D sufficient and vitamin D deficient mice. By day 18 the vitamin D deficient animals had a tumor size that was 56% larger compared to the animals that were vitamin D sufficient. To determine whether treatment with active vitamin D analogs could further decrease colon tumor growth in a vitamin D sufficient state, groups of mice were treated with the novel 19-nor-Gemini compounds. The mice were fed a low calcium diet. Twenty-four hours after tumor implantation, the mice received, three times weekly, one of the vitamin D analogs or the vehicle. The group that received Gemini 1,25-dihydroxy-21(3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluoro-butynyl)-19-nor-20S-cholecalciferol (3) showed a dose-dependent decrease in tumor volume. On day 19, at the dose level of 0.02microg molar equivalents (E), the tumor volume was reduced by 41% when compared to the control group. At the same time point, the hexadeuterated analog 1,25-dihydroxy-21(3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluoro-butynyl)-26,27-hexadeutero-19-nor-20S-cholecalciferol (4), administered at the 10-fold lower dose of 0.002microgE, showed a 52% reduction in tumor volume (p<0.05), compared to the control group. Animals that received 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at 0.002 and 0.02microg showed a trend in tumor volume reduction at the highest dose but the changes were not statistically significant. An evaluation of serum calcium concentrations revealed that the calcium levels were normal in all groups, except the group receiving 0.02microgE of 4. The results from these studies demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency may accelerate colon cancer growth and that novel Gemini analogs of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be an effective new approach for colon cancer treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic colon resection for colon cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic colon resection for cancer is as yet an unproven operation. This review article summarizes current data on the topic. METHODS: A Medline review identified articles published since 1990 summarizing patients with potentially curable colon cancer who underwent a laparoscopic-assisted colon resection. Only articles that were randomized or had a control group with historical or matched open cases were used. RESULTS: Very few prospective randomized controls exist. Several clinical trials are under way with one completed. Data thus far support some patient benefits with a laparoscopic approach. No differences in morbidity, oncologic data, or survival appear to exist. CONCLUSIONS: The results of ongoing clinical trials are still needed to further evaluate the role of laparoscopic assisted colon resection in patients with potentially curable colon cancer.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Enhanced persistence in the colonic microbiota of Escherichia coli strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2: role of virulence factors and adherence to colonic cells.

Escherichia coli segregates into four phylogenetic groups, A, B1, B2 and D. B2 and D strains usually possess virulence factors, cause most extra-intestinal infections and have superior capacity to persist in the infantile colonic microbiota. Here, we investigated 24 resident and 37 transient E. coli strains from the colonic microbiota of 13 Swedish schoolgirls sampled in the 1970s with respect to phylogenetic group identity, carriage of virulence factor genes, O and K antigens and mannose-sensitive and -resistant adherence to the colonic cell line HT-29. Resident strains more often belonged to phylogenetic group B2 than transient strains (38% vs 5% p=0.004). In contrast, transient strains more often than resident strains belonged to group A (57% vs 29%, p=0.04) or B1 (24% vs 13%, p=0.33). Most B2 strains belonged to uropathogenic O serogroups, carried genes for P fimbriae, K5 capsule and hemolysin and adhered in higher numbers to HT-29 cells via mannose-resistant mechanisms than strains from the other groups. Further, among strains carrying genes for P or S fimbriae, those belonging to group B2 adhered in highest numbers. In logistic regression, genes for P fimbriae and aerobactin predicted persistence in the colonic microbiota (p=0.050 and 0.056, respectively), while B2 origin did not reach significance as an independent variable (p=0.16). Our results indicate that virulence factors carried by group B2 strains contribute to their strong colonizing capacity. These factors may actually be regarded as fitness factors in the human gut.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has limited sensitivity for colonic adenoma and early stage colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) is used clinically to detect recurrent colon cancer after surgical resection, but the sensitivity of PET for premalignant colon lesions and early stage colon cancer is not well defined. METHODS: In a prospective study, 45 patients with a total of 58 colonic neoplasms, including premalignant polyps, premalignant, flat lesions, and early stage cancers, were evaluated by PET. RESULTS: The sensitivity of PET for cancer was 62% (8/13). PET detected 100% (7/7) of cancers 2 cm or larger but only 17% (1/6) of cancers smaller than 2 cm. PET detected 23% (3/13) of flat, premalignant lesions; 70% (7/10) of protruded, premalignant lesions 3 cm or larger; 38% (3/8) of protruded, premalignant lesions between 2 and 2.9 cm; and 14% (2/14) of protruded, premalignant lesions between 1 and 1.9 cm. There was no false-positive PET reading. CONCLUSIONS: PET has limited sensitivity for flat, premalignant lesions; protruded, premalignant lesions smaller than 3 cm; and colon cancers smaller than 2 cm.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Carbon dioxide and room air insufflation of the colon. Effects on colonic blood flow and intraluminal pressure in the dog.

The potential advantages of carbon dioxide over room air to insufflate the bowel during colonoscopy include its nonexplosive nature and rapid absorption. To evaluate whether this rapid absorption would minimize any reduction in colonic blood flow resulting from the distention, we measured inferior mesenteric artery flow before, during, and after insufflation of the canine colon with room air and carbon dioxide under conditions of transient and constant elevations of intraluminal pressures. Intraluminal pressures remained elevated for briefer periods after carbon dioxide administration, and blood flow was far less compromised. At lower levels of transient (40 mm Hg) and constant (60 to 70 mm Hg) intraluminal pressure elevation, colonic blood flow was actually increased. Because it is nonexplosive and rapidly absorbable and interferes only minimally with colonic blood flow, carbon dioxide is the preferable agent to use during colonoscopy, especially in patients with suspected or proven colon ischemia in whom prolonged distention and diminished blood flow are to be avoided.

Air↗
PubMed2002

Cloning of the mRNA of overexpression in colon carcinoma-1: a sequence overexpressed in a subset of colon carcinomas.

We have identified a novel human cDNA overexpressed in a colon carcinoma cell line, TC7, established from a tumor with a normal karyotype arising in a patient with a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma. The OCC-1 (overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1) gene is composed of six exons and located in the q24.1 region of chromosome 12. It is transcribed as two mRNA species that differ in their 5'- and 3'-terminal ends. Abundant accumulation of both transcripts was found in placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas tissues. Absent or very faint expression was observed in heart, brain, lung and liver tissues. Overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1 cDNA direct in vitro translation of several polypeptides whose size is shorter than 9 kDa. Attempts to produce antibodies against these synthesized polypeptides in Escherichia coli failed. The absence of sequences at the mRNA and DNA levels hybridizing with mouse sequences together with the absence of a large open reading frame raise the possibility that OCC-1 sequences appeared recently in evolution and are transcribed as two noncoding regulatory RNA. Elevated levels of OCC-1 mRNA were observed in three of eight colon carcinomas as compared to normal mucosa of the same patient. Since these tumors shared the same characteristics of having a near diploid karyotype, OCC-1 overexpression may be a hallmark of this subset of colon carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Putative colon cancer risk factors damage global DNA and TP53 in primary human colon cells isolated from surgical samples.

This study describes a novel in vitro method in genetic toxicology that is based on detection of chemical-induced DNA damage connected with altered migration of TP53 in primary human colonocytes. Techniques were developed to isolate high numbers of human epithelial colon cells from surgical tissues. High quantities of viable cells were obtained per donor. The primary cells were treated with the endogenous risk factors trans-2-hexenal, and hydrogen peroxide. Global DNA damage and repair were measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay). We compared responses of primary colon cells to HT29clone19A, a differentiated human colon tumour cell line, for which the karyotype was analysed with 24-colour FISH. Both compounds were genotoxic in both cell types and most of the induced DNA damage was repaired after 30 min. Specific migration of TP53 was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (Comet FISH). Using primary colon cells, we quantified the migration of TP53 signals into the comet tails. In these cells TP53 was more sensitive than global DNA for genotoxicity induced by trans-2-hexenal and H(2)O(2). HT29clone19A cells cannot be used for Comet FISH because of their aberrant karyotype. The approach described allows us to obtain more knowledge of putative risk factors in colon carcinogenesis.

Aged↗