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PubMed1979

[New possibilities in diagnosis and therapy of renal carcinoma (author's transl)].

A brief discussion of the aetiology and epidemiology of renal carcinomas is followed by a description of the clinical features. Attention is drawn to the significance of symptoms emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Intravenous urography still remains as the most important diagnostic procedure. It is pointed out that sonography and computer-tomography are now established as newer diagnostic methods, i.e. in distinguishing between cyst and tumor, in renal masses. Therapy, is still based upon surgical treatment. Transperitoneal, radical tumornephrectomy as compared with simple lumbar nephrectomy, has improved 5-year survival rate up to 16% especially in stage III tumors. Extracorporeal surgery for single kidney patients as hyperthermic surgery constitute new surgical methods, but only for specifically equiped urologic clinics. Embolisation of renal cell carcinoma is also used as therapeutic management in largely progressed tumors, and also used, as a preoperative measure, for the reducement of tumor size. Irradiation, before and after surgical treatment, as well as cytostatic therapy, revealed no significant improvement. We have reason to hope that progress in the research of hormonal- and immunotherapy will improve 5-year survival rate, in renal cell carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer analysis of defined populations of lymphocytes irradiated in vitro: I. Evaluation of murine thoracic duct lymphocytes.

Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of murine lymphocytes obtained by thoracic duct cannulation demonstrates two populations of cells; the larger population (73 percent) appears to be thymus-derived and the remaining 27 percent is of bone marrow origin. Following exposure to varying amounts of x-radiation, morphologic alterations in both populations are evident. The smaller cell populations are evident. The smaller cell population exhibits some of these changes at lower dose levels than does the larger population. In addition, the character of the radiation-induced changes appears to be different for the two populations of lymphocytes. After 500 rad, the nuclei of the larger population appears unchanged; the nuclei of the population representing 27 percent of the cells have become enlarged and vacuolated and are thought to be edematous. After 2000 rad, the nuclei of the larger population appear pyknotic with coarsely clumped chromatin. In the examined set of cells, the smaller population could no longer be detected after 2000 rad. Such disparate responses to radiation-induced injury may correlate with known differences in immunologic function which serve to distinguish thymic-dependent and bone marrow-derived small lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in ambulatory practice].

While endemic T.B. is undoubtedly receding, sources of infection are still widespread and knowledge of the pathology of the bacillus is still required. A short account of tracheobroncheal lymphadenopathy is accompanied by radiological illustration of personal cases treated without hospitalisation.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1975

Adrenocortical postirradiation fibrosis.

At autopsy, the adrenal zona reticularis showed linear hyaline fibrosis in 19 cases of cancer, after averages of six months and 5,000 roentgens of irradiation to the abdominal, lumbar, or pelvic regions. The associated roentgen dose was significantly greater than when postirradiation adrenal fibrosis was absent. Primary radiation damage to the reticular vascular plexus is suspected.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1976

Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. VII. Suppressive effect of irradiated MLC cells on CTL response.

Irradiated cells obtained from MLC at the peak of the CTL response caused profound suppression of generation of CTL when added in small numbers at the initiation of primary MLC prepared with normal spleen cells. The inhibitory activity of the MLC cells was not affected by irradiation (1000 rads) but was abolished by treatment with anti-theta serum and complement. The suppression was immunologically specific. The response of A (H-2a) spleen cells toward C3H (H-2k) alloantigens was suppressed by irradiated MLC cells obtained from MLC prepared with A spleen cells and irradiated C3H-stimulating cells, whereas the response of A spleen cells toward DBA/2 (H-2d) alloantigens was affected relatively little. However, if irradiated C3H X DBA/2 F1 hybrid spleen cells were used to stimulate A spleen cells in MLC, addition of irradiated MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward C3H antigens abolished the response to both C3H and DBA/2 antigens. The response to DBA/2 antigens was much less affected when a mixture of irradiated C3H and DBA/2 spleen cells was used as stimulating cells. Thus, the presence of MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward one alloantigen abolished the response to another non-cross reacting antigen only when both antigens were present on the same F1 hybrid-stimulating cells. This suppression of generation of CTL by irradiated MLC cells apparently involves inactivation of alloantigen-bearing stimulating cells as a result of residual cytotoxic activity of the irradiated MLC cells. This mechanism may be active during the decline in CTL activity noted in the normal immune response in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗