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PubMed1996

The consequences of drug use/abuse for vocational career: a longitudinal study of a male urban African-American sample.

This report is from a longitudinal study of a community sample of African-American males (N = 197) on the relationship of the degree of earlier substance use/abuse up to average age 24, to vocational performance (employment and occupational level) 2 1/2 years later (at average age 26 1/2). The statistical analyses included numerous control variables developed from prospective data of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, on the subjects and on their families from the subjects' birth to age 7, and from their school behavior and academic performance up to age 16, which may have influenced their vocational-occupational behavior during early adulthood. It was found that greater earlier marijuana use and greater earlier alcohol use predicted, to a significant degree, poorer occupational performance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social support as experienced by Roman Catholic priests: the influence of vocationally imposed network restrictions.

This qualitative descriptive study explored the experience of social support as perceived by four Roman Catholic priests who are community caregivers subject to role-related stressors and who have vocational limitations placed on their social support networks. The data collection process consisted of two semistructured interviews employing open-ended questions. Content and concept analysis techniques yielded seven core themes (person-role disharmony, intimate connections, network leveling, moving networks, caregiver survival, vocation-person esteem, caring relationships), three prevailing themes (subsistent relationships, person-priest being, reciprocal fulfillment), and one contextual theme (presence). The priests actively sought support as a means of coping with the daily stress associated with their caregiving roles. Large and diffuse networks were unable to compensate for restrictions resulting from vows of celibacy, discord accompanying midlife transition, or conflicts associated with socially prescribed role expectations of the priesthood. The instability of their support networks resulting from mandatory transfers may have been a contributing factor. Existential presence, an enduring theme, was identified as an inherent quality of caregiving and social support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Sociological aspects of cleft palate adults. III. Vocational and economic aspects.

Vocational and economic aspects of social functioning were evaluated for 196 adult cleft subjects, their 190 siblings and 209 random controls. Results indicated that cleft adults functioned within normal limits with regard to employment. However, levels of income were substantively lower than control groups. Cleft subjects compare favorably with their siblings and random controls in occupational mobility over the levels attained by their fathers. It would appear that cleft subjects experience some limitation in their ability to secure vocational and economic rewards from society.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Occupational roles and life satisfaction in psychiatric outpatients with vocational disabilities.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate: 1) internalization of occupational roles and 2) levels of satisfaction in psychiatric outpatients with vocational disability. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty subjects, 8 men and 12 women, aged 20-55, participated in the study. The past, present and expected values of 10 occupational roles were identified. Levels of satisfaction with life as whole and on eight different domains were reported on a six-step scale ranging from very dissatisfied to very satisfied. RESULTS: The student and worker roles were not part of current life, in contrast to the past (5 years ago) and the expected future. The roles of family member and home maintainer were the most appreciated both in the past and at present. All of the participants expected to add both number and level of role involvement in the future. No-one were satisfied with life as whole. All but one were dissatisfied with their vocational and financial situations. Most were also dissatisfied with their leisure situation, family life, partnership relations, sexual life, and contacts with friends. CONCLUSIONS: The low levels of satisfaction with life as whole and the different domains reflect the disadvantageous situation of the participants in the study. The low number of occupational roles and the low level of meaningful role involvement support the associations between occupational roles and life satisfaction. It is suggested that occupational role assessment would be an important focus in occupational therapy to help people to more adaptive daily routines and to improve their quality of life.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Clarification of rules involving residual functional capacity assessments; clarification of use of vocational experts and other sources at step 4 of the sequential evaluation process; incorporation of "special profile" into regulations. Final rules.

For purposes of this document, "we," "our," and "SSA" refer to the Social Security Administration and State agencies that make disability determinations for the Social Security Administration. "You" and "your" refer to individuals who claim benefits from the Social Security Administration based on "disability." In this final rule we clarify our rules about the responsibility that you have to provide evidence and the responsibility that we have to develop evidence in connection with your claim of disability. This includes our rules about when we assess your residual functional capacity (RFC) and how we use this RFC assessment when we decide whether you can do your past relevant work or other work. These clarifications address issues of responsibility raised by some courts in recent cases; clarify that we may use vocational experts (VEs), vocational specialists (VSs), or other resources to obtain evidence we need to help us determine whether your impairment(s) prevents you from doing your past relevant work; add a special provision to our rules stating that, if you are at least 55 years old, and specific other circumstances are present, we will find that you are disabled; and make a number of minor editorial changes to clarify and update the language of our rules, and to use simpler language in keeping with our goal of using plain language in our regulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Long-term vocational functioning after severe closed head injury: a controlled study.

Vocational functioning at least 2 years postinjury was examined in a group of 57 severely closed-head injured (CHI) patients and 50 nonbrain-injured spinal-cord injured (SCI) patients. The two groups were equated on the following preinjury parameters: age, education, socioeconomic status (SES), male/female ratio, and marital status. The CHI and SCI patients had a similar number of members who were employed at follow-up. However, mean follow-up socioeconomic status was significantly lower in the CHI group and premorbidly employed CHI patients suffered a greater loss of SES than did premorbidly employed SCI patients. These results indicate that the degree of vocational impairment after severe CHI goes beyond impairment seen with another chronic disabling condition (i.e., SCI) that is associated with severe physical impairment but not neuropsychological impairment. In the CHI group, the following variables were all correlated with SES at follow-up: preinjury education, posttraumatic amnesia duration, degree of neuropsychological impairment soon after injury, and emotional adjustment at follow-up.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

A registered nurse-licensed vocational nurse partnership model for critical care nursing.

The development, implementation, and evaluation of a program that incorporates a registered nurse and licensed vocational nurse partnership model into the critical care practice setting is described. This model can be used by nurse executives to alleviate some of the immediate consequences of the nursing shortage and potentially to achieve a longer-range solution by expanding the pool of registered nurses. Evaluation of the program revealed statistically significant increases in nurse job satisfaction; perceptions of reduced workload and stress; a perception by registered nurses and physicians of increased nursing care quality; decreased registered nurse turnover and sick time; and a positive perception of the role of the licensed vocational nurse in the critical care unit.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

The hospital component of general practice vocational training--the Irish experience.

All second and third year general practice vocational trainees in the Irish Republic in 1991 were invited to complete a questionnaire concerning the hospital component of their training. The questionnaire was based on specific recommendations published by the I.C.G.P. regarding hospital training posts. Replies were received from 39 trainees constituting 70% of the total number of eligible trainees. In general, hospital posts were perceived to be of relevance and to offer adequate exposure to outpatient management and to the development of useful practical skills. More than 70% of the trainees were free to attend at least 75% of the study release course. Everyone entitled to study leave for examination purposes obtained it. However, 95% of trainees found their hospital teachers unfamiliar with the aims and objectives of Vocational Training. Two-thirds of trainees received less than two hours a week of formal or informal teaching. More than two-thirds did not participate in an introductory general practice period and less than a quarter had their individual needs assessed early on. Substantial realisation of the guidelines issued by the ICGP has been achieved. Further work is necessary in the areas of individual needs assessment, relevant structured teaching and general practice liaison. Three specific recommendations are made to achieve these aims.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed2004

[The effectiveness of an intervention program to promote physical activity among female adolescents in a vocational nursing school].

The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of a physical activity program on exercise knowledge, exercise attitude, exercise self-efficacy, exercise behavior, and cardiorespiratory fitness among female students. A vocational nursing school was selected by purposeful sampling. The experimental group (n=88) and control group (n=89) each contained two classes which were randomly selected from 11th grade classes in the vocational nursing school. All participants completed a structured questionnaire, including an exercise knowledge scale, an exercise attitude scale, an exercise self-efficacy scale, and a cardiorespiratory fitness activities scale at both the pre-test and the post-test stages. An 800-meter running test was used to test the cardiorespiratory fitness of participants. One week after the pre-test, the experimental group received a 12-week physical activity program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The statistical analysis included percentage, mean, one-way ANOVA, pair-t test and repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. The results showed that improvements in exercise attitude, exercise self-efficacy, exercise knowledge and 800-meter running among the experimental group were significantly higher than among the control group. However, there was no significant effect on the score for cardiorespiratory fitness activities. The results of this research could be used as a reference for school health professionals to promote physical activities for female adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Health risk behavior among students of vocational schools].

UNLABELLED: Behaviour of an individual person has a significant influence on the health. The stimulant abuse and lack of various safety regulations have an inefficient influence. The aim of the study was to identify the frequency of health risk behaviour among adolescents as well as the assessment of their level of health awareness. The investigated population consisted of third grade pupils from vocational schools in Poznań and Wagrowiec. Stereotypically, vocational schools' pupils are evaluated to have a low level of health awareness and to behave in unhealthy way. It was intended to find out if city versus small town young population differs on account of their health awareness and behaviour. A questionnaire was the basic tool to collect data. It was chosen because of its anonymity in order to guarantee honest answers. The results were analysed statistically using SPSS and Statistica programmes. Chi square and significance tests between two differences were used. The differences were statistically significant when p < 0.05. The results were subsequently analysed according to following independent variables: place of living, sex, parental education, the family economic self-evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The level of health awareness among the investigated population can be generally described as medium. 2. There were no differences in the level of health awareness between the city youth and the small town youth. 3. A large proportion of the youth had unhealthy behaviour. 4. City dwellers tended to behave recklessly more often. 5. The high level of health awareness was connected to less frequency of health risk behaviours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Experience of using rating scales for the assessment of vocational trainees in general practice.

For two years trainers in the northern half of the south western region have been asked to assess their trainees with a condensed version of the new Manchester rating scales for vocational training in general practice and to send copies to the regional adviser. The condensed version retains the 23 scales but does not include the subscales. Trainers' workshops and comments from individuals suggested that no radical improvements to the scales were required and that they were an adequate statement of what was required from trainees. The response rate of 89% for returning at least one assessment and 38% for returning all three suggested that use of this condensed version would be more feasible than using the full version of the scales. Analysis of 86 first assessments and 48 sets of three assessments showed a range of variation both in trainee ratings and use of individual scales that was consistent with expectations. A lack of significant rank correlations between the scales indicated that each of the scales measured a different characteristic of behaviour. We suggest that the most useful way to achieve systematic assessment of vocational trainees is by the use of the 23 main rating scales, with regional variations where appropriate.

Communication↗
PubMed1991

Twenty years of vocational training in the west of Scotland: the practice component.

A retrospective analysis of the experience and opinions of doctors receiving vocational training in general practice was obtained by postal questionnaire. Questionnaires were received by 974 doctors who had been vocationally trained in the west of Scotland between 1968 and 1987. The response rate was 64%. It was found that 94% of the respondents had enjoyed their trainee period, 82% had been given a choice of training practice and 86% had spent 12 months in a training practice. Only 81 respondents had trained in two practices. The most common method of monitoring the trainee's consultation was the trainer sitting in on the consultation; half of the doctors had experience of this (51%). For the majority regular tutorials were commonplace, but for 41% of respondents this was not so. However, those training after 1979 were significantly less likely to have never had tutorials than those training earlier. Nearly half of the doctors (49%) felt that certain aspects had been poorly covered or omitted from their training, notably practice management and finance. Again, this was significantly less likely among those training after 1979. When asked to give a rating of the training they had received 21% of the respondents rated it as excellent, 37% as very good, 30% as fairly good and 12% as poor/fairly poor or very poor. Notably, significantly fewer respondents training after 1979 rated their training as poor/fairly poor or very poor. Very few respondents had participated in a practice exchange but virtually all of those who had felt it had been beneficial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1990

[The knowledge of the students in vocational-technical schools of the questions in preventing venereal diseases].

Students of vocational schools lack information on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The efficacy of health-educating activities in this field grows when such activities are based on the results of special sociologic analysis of the students' knowledge of such problems, as well as of their need in such information and the most suitable sources of this information. Such a sociologic study was carried out at 8 vocational schools of the Leningrad region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An evaluation of the hospital component of general practice vocational training.

The contribution of the hospital component of vocational training to the needs of the future general practitioner was investigated by undertaking semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of doctors involved. The findings indicated that, in general, training was failing to address objectives perceived to be important for general practice by the study sample. Problems related to the context and style of hospital training also emerged, which appeared to be limiting the learning potential of this type of experience for general practitioner trainees. It is apparent that there is a need to clarify priority objectives for the hospital component of vocational training, and ensure that it provides the opportunity to achieve them.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

[The sexual habits of young Greenlanders and their knowledge of AIDS. A study done among students in vocational schools in Greenland in 1989].

A questionnaire investigation was undertaken among young Greenlanders in vocational training about their knowledge of AIDS and their sexual habits as a link in monitoring of the course of AIDS prophylaxis in Greenland. The investigation was anonymous and was carried out in the vocational colleges with assistance of a contact person in the college. All of the students who were present on the day of investigation (264 out of 326 students) participated. The investigation revealed that 3/4 had basic knowledge about AIDS but their knowledge about the routes of infection was less certain. The average age for commencement of sexual activity was 18.9 years for men and 17.3 years for women. Although the investigation revealed that a number of the participants had sexual habits which scarcely differed from those in other countries, the average number of partners within the past year was stated to be 7.5 for men and 4.4 for women. Information which can provide young people with better knowledge about AIDS should be given via colleges and health service institutions to a greater extent. It is also recommended that materials should be developed which are directed particularly to high-risk groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Current problems of teaching hygiene to students of vocational coal mining schools].

Proceeding from the study of organization of the teaching and production process among students of secondary vocational mining schools it was established that students' physical adaptation, developed to the end of theoretical studies, was rather unstable. Exposure to a number of occupational factors of mines caused stress of regulatory mechanisms at the initial stage of probation that was succeeded by adaptative reconstruction when working in rather shallow mines and by its absence when working in deep mines. Thus, the necessity of hygienic corrections in the teaching process of students of vocational mining schools was underlined.

Coal Mining↗
PubMed1978

Haloperidol and thiothixene in the long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenic outpatients in an urban community: social and vocational adjustment.

Social and vocational adjustment are highly important--but frequently overlooked--measures of the effectiveness of psychotropic agents in therapeutic regimens involving chronic schizophrenic outpatients. This 24-week, double-blind study compared the effectiveness of haloperidol and thiothixene in facilitating social and vocational adjustment, as well as in controlling more traditionally studied psychopathological parameters, among 36 urban schizophrenic outpatients. Significant improvement favoring thiothixene was shown on physicians' ratings, ratings by relatives living in the same household as the patient, and patients' self-ratings. Side effects occurred with similar frequency in both drug groups; no patients were required to discontinue therapy because of side effects. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in laboratory values in either group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Adolescent health care in vocational training and work].

Approaches to promoting adolescents' health are examined. They are linked with the conditions of vocational training and work, on the one hand, and the functional potentials of adolescents, on the other. Legislative limitations to use the under-aged persons' labour are considered. The working conditions in major industries are evaluated with regard to the possibilities of employing adolescents' labour. New approaches and criteria for regarding the factors of the production environment and working process as admissible and inadmissible for the vocational training and labour of the under-aged are suggested.

Adolescent↗