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PubMed2000

Determination of trace elements and calcium in bone of the human iliac crest by atomic absorption spectrometry.

A rapid and reliable analytical method for the determination of trace elements in human bone by atomic absorption spectrometry is reported. Calcium was determined to estimate the homogeneity of samples. Human bone from the iliac crest was obtained at autopsy of adult subjects. Before analysis samples were decomposed by microwave digestion and acid digestion in a Parr bomb. Zinc, rubidium, strontium, calcium and iron were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and aluminium, copper and lead by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) at optimum measurement conditions. The results for the two digestion procedures agreed for zinc, rubidium and calcium within +/-5%, for copper within +/-7% and for strontium, iron, aluminium and lead within +/-10%. The repeatability of measurement (R.S.D.) for determination of calcium and trace elements after microwave digestion and acid digestion in a Parr bomb was tested in one representative autopsy bone sample by six parallel determinations. It was found to be better than +/-5% either for microwave digested samples or samples digested in a Parr bomb, for all elements determined by FAAS and ETAAS techniques. The accuracy of the applied digestion procedures was checked by analysis of trace elements in NIST SRM 1486 Bone Meal reference material. Good agreement of the results with certified values was obtained for both digestion procedures. The microwave procedure developed for digestion of small amounts of sample was applied in trace elements analysis of bone biopsy samples from dialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Mineral and trace elements in human urine].

Mineral and trace elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P and Zn) in 24 hour human urine samples from approximately 100 healthy persons (age between 20 and 50 years) were analysed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) and DCP (Direct Current Plasma) emission spectroscopy. The obtained values can be taken as "reference values" owing to the large number of individual samples. Mean values and the range of substance concentrations and substance excretion per 24 hours are given. Physiological reference values are reported for Ba, Sr and Ti, which are of particular interest in the field of occupational medicine; examples of increases in these three elements as a result of exposure at the work place are also given. Additionally some average values for Cd, Co, Ni and Pb have been measured by a voltammetric technique.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mineral and trace element determination in human osteosarcoma. Case report].

The concentrations of calcium and magnesium, and of the trace elements iron, copper, manganese and zinc were determined in the amputation specimen of a 25-year-old patient with osteosarcoma and compared with the tumor-free, normal bone tissue. Not only the concentrations of calcium and magnesium, but also those of the trace elements were significantly higher in the osseous portion of the tumor. The periosseous concentrations of trace elements iron, copper and zinc were also significantly higher in the tumor than in the normal bone tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The cluster analysis of trace elements in fructus cnidii from different region].

The contents of trace elements in Fructus Cnidii from different region were assayed by atom absorption spectrum and analyzed by cluster analysis methods. The results showed the contents of trace elements from different regions were different, which had some relativity with habitats, but should be further studied.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Effect of smoking on vitamin A, vitamin E, and other trace elements in patients with cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Data regarding the impact of cigarette smoking on trace elements are scarce and inconsistent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of smoking on serum concentrations of trace elements among adult males with heart disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 100 adults hospitalized with heart disease in Bangladesh. The major variables of interest included mean serum concentrations of trace elements and proportion of subjects with bacterial growth on throat swab culture. RESULTS: Smokers had significantly lower serum concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and zinc and increased concentrations of copper. Throat swab cultures were more often positive for Streptococcus beta-hemolyticus in smokers than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking decreases serum concentrations of trace elements. Smoking control programs are needed in Bangladesh to improve health and nutrition of the people who are already nutritionally deficient.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Trace elements, anxiety and immune parameters in patients affected by cancer.

The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the relationship between trace elements, immune parameters, and human cancer, taking into account some personality traits, such as anxiety, implicated in the modulation of both immune responses and pathology. Thirty patients affected by the most frequent cancer types were recruited at the onset of disease together with 30 healthy controls. Se, Zn and Cu were measured in plasma together with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances--TBARS). Furthermore, Zn and GSH-Px activity were measured in red blood cells. A complete blood profile with the main lymphocytes subsets was obtained and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied to evaluate anxiety. The only differences found between trace element levels in cases and controls were significantly higher erythrocyte Zn in cancer patients and higher plasma Cu levels in male patients. In addition, subjects affected by cancer exhibited a significant reduction in TBARS levels, were more anxious, had lower total B cells percentage and T helper/T suppressor ratio, and had a higher percentage of natural killer cells. Interestingly, in patients only, GSH-Px in plasma was positively related to trait anxiety scores (p < 0.02) and Cu to state anxiety scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we could not confirm the existence of trace element deficiency in relation to cancer and no links between trace element levels and lymphocyte subsets were documented. However, interesting associations between state anxiety and Cu, and between trait anxiety and GSH-Px were observed thus deserving further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Determination of trace elements and evaluation of their enrichment factors in Himalayan lichens.

Within the framework of the Ev-K2-CNR research program of the Italian National Research Council a specific task project has been initiated for the identification of trace elements in lichens in remote high altitude areas. This is to evaluate the possibility of using lichens as biomonitors of trace elements of atmospheric pollution. In this preliminary study, more than 20 elements have been determined in some species of lichens collected at different altitudes (from 1300 to 5000 m) in the region of the Sagarmatha National Park (Nepal). Samples of superficial soils were also collected and analyzed to calculate the trace element enrichment factors (EF) using scandium as a normalizing element. Most of the trace elements were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), while lead and cadmium measurements were carried out with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). The EF values as well as the elemental concentrations are reported and discussed.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Major trace elements limiting livestock performance in New Zealand.

Many New Zealand soils are naturally deficient in cobalt and/or selenium and/or copper, or are naturally high in molybdenum. Livestock grazing pasture grown on such soils may be deficient in one or more of these trace elements. In the 1940s and 1950s, New Zealand researchers were at the forefront of research to define the cause of trace-element related ill-thrift and clinical diseases like white muscle disease, peat scours and enzootic ataxia. New Zealanders have devised production-related reference ranges for blood and liver copper, vitamin B12 and selenium that are used for the diagnosis and prevention of deficiencies. A range of supplementation procedures has been devised, from topdressing or spraying pasture to direct animal supplementation, to suit the range of livestock management systems found in New Zealand. Trace-element monitoring programmes are now a routine procedure for farmers grazing cattle, sheep, and deer on trace-element deficient land. Copper deficiency is the main trace-element deficiency diagnosed in deer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Uptake of macrominerals and trace elements by the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis PCC 8005) under photoautotrophic conditions: culture medium optimization.

Uptake rates of macrominerals and trace elements were characterized in batch and continuous cultures of Spirulina platensis under photoautotropic conditions. The values of yield coefficients were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES). Further simplifications of culture medium proved possible, mainly in the trace element solutions; concentrations of some elements were lowered and trace elements B, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Co, W, and Ti were removed.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed1986

Trace element profiles in murine Lewis lung carcinoma by radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence.

Trace element profiles of various body tissues and tumor were established during growth of the Lewis lung tumor (LLT) with the use of radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence (RIXRF) analysis. The LLT, a highly malignant experimental murine tumor, resembles its human counterpart, has a well-defined life cycle, and kills its host in 30 days. When compared with normal controls, Zn, Br, and Rb levels in lung, liver, and skeletal muscle and Zn and Sr levels in bone from tumor-bearing mice exhibited large fluctuations at critical points in the tumor life cycle. In addition, the 24-day primary tumor trace element profile resembled that of its tissue of origin, normal lung, and was quite different from other normal tissues studied. These findings indicate that trace element profiles may help in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of disease. RIXRF is an excellent technique for this purpose because it is sensitive and relatively nondestructive of samples and has multielement capabilities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Current aspects of trace element research in environmental health.

The field of research on trace element and its relationship to human health and disease is one of the most rapidly advancing fields among the health sciences. The methods of measuring elements in the body can be classified into two categories: i.e., destructive and non-destructive method. The latter analysis includes X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, by which the authors determine fluorine (F) and elements in hair specimens among patients with chronic diseases and workers exposed to polluted elements. Some advantages offered by this method are a lack of necessity for the preliminary treatment of specimens and relative ease of operation. In this paper, the authors review the current aspect of trace element researches in the environmental health field, especially those in our laboratory.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1975

Role of trace elements in cancer.

The review considers trace elements including fluorine, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, silicon, and nickel from the standpoint of their role as either inhibitory or causative agents of cancer and also the possible use of their assay in biological fluids as diagnostic or prognostic aids in patients with cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Trace element contamination of intravenous solutions.

The trace element content of various intravenous solutions was investigated, using atomic absorption and neutron activation analysis methods. The variable content of zinc, calcium, and magnesium led us to seek a source of contamination. Quantities of zinc ranging from 10.75 mug to 132 mug were leached from the rubber stoppers when placed in 0.1N nitric acid for a period of 96 hours. Calcium and magnesium were also leached from the stoppers, but in lesser amounts.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemometric differentiation of raw and commercial milk by trace elements using principal component analysis.

Nine trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb) were determined in the dissolved ash of 36 samples of raw milk. The distribution of the concentration of each element was first investigated by means of a test of normality. The matrix of the correlation between the concentrations of the elements was then used as a starting matrix for principal component analysis. Nine variables were reduced to four principal components, accounting for 75% of the total variance. The biophilic elements Mn-Fe and Cu-Mo were positively associated with the first two principal components, while Cr was correlated to the third and Ni and Cd with the fourth principal component. Pb and Zn are both negatively correlated to the first principal component. Comparison with 42 samples of a commercial milk, by using a two-dimensional plot of the principal component scores, rendered possible the differentiation between raw and commercial milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Trace element supply of newborn calves. Effect of the mother and of the genetic makeup, sex and degree of maturity of the newborn].

Stillborn calves of a large dairy cattle herd were used for investigations of trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) content of the liver and heart muscle. Trace element content varied markedly in the liver and in the heart muscle too but in the heart muscle with a smaller degree. Calves from heifers had a greater trace element content in the liver and heart muscle than those from cows. Premature calves had small amounts of Mn and Cu in their livers and small but term calves had less Fe and Zn in their livers. Single calves from cows had a greater amount of trace elements in the liver and heart muscle than twin calves.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Risk to breeding success of waterbirds by contaminants in Hong Kong: evidence from trace elements in eggs.

Concentrations of 17 trace elements (As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, Tl, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg) were determined in eggs of little egrets (Egretta garzetta), black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and bridled terns (Sterna anaethetus) from northwestern and northeastern coastal areas of Hong Kong. Results indicated significant differences among the three species. Eggs of little egrets and black-crowned night herons appeared to be good bioindicators for monitoring selected elements (As, Pb, Zn Cr, Cu, and V) due to consistent correlations between metal concentrations in eggs and those in coastal marine sediments. Based on limited toxicological information, the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of Hg and Se in the bird eggs were estimated as 0.5 to 1.8 and 0.90 to 1.45 mug g(-1), dry wt., respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) indicated that Hg and Se might pose some risk to certain waterbirds in Hong Kong.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Trace elements as a component of oxidative stress in COPD.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the serum concentrations of those trace elements that act as a component of oxidative stress in COPD patients. Clinically stable COPD outpatients (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 24) were studied. METHODOLOGY: Serum concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were determined using a Varian Spectra AA220 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum concentration of iron (Fe) was measured by the ferene assay, using a commercially available kit (IL Test Iron) with the ILAb 900 autoanalyser. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum samples was measured spectrophotometrically in terms of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). RESULTS: The serum MDA concentration in COPD patients was found to be similar to the control group (0.68 +/- 0.15 nmol/mL vs 0.62 +/- 0.13 nmol/mL, respectively; P= 0.163). The serum concentrations of the trace elements in both study groups were in the normal reference range. There was no difference in Fe concentration between COPD patients and the control group (0.81 +/- 0.38 micro g/mL vs 0.92 +/- 0.41 micro g/mL; P= 0.360). Copper concentrations were higher (1.06 +/- 0.26 microg/mL vs 0.92 +/- 0.19 microg/mL; P <0.040); while zinc was lower in the COPD group compared to the controls (0.83 +/- 0.25 microg/mL vs 1.03 +/- 0.23 microg/mL; P= 0.006). Serum Zn concentrations were lower in the severe COPD patients compared to mild-moderate COPD patients (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there are alterations in serum concentrations of trace elements in COPD patients, suggesting that they may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease by virtue of their role in oxidative stress. We recommend further studies on the role of trace elements in the pathophysiology of COPD, their association with markers of oxidant/antioxidant status and on the clinical significance of their deficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Brain trace elements in Pick's disease.

The trace element content of the brain of two patients with Pick's disease examined postmortem was studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results showed significant increases in chlorine, iron, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus and significant decreases in chromium, cesium, rubidium, and selenium and in the mean freeze-dried to wet-weight ratio for patients with Pick's disease compared with control patients. Brain zinc content was not elevated in the two patients, a finding that fails to support the hypothesis that elevated zinc levels play a role in the pathogenesis of Pick's disease.

Aged↗