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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Beta-haemolytic bacitracin sensitive strains of Streptococcus salivarius: a source of confusion with Streptococcus pyogenes in throat swab cultures.

Thirty strains of Streptococcus salivarius were beta-haemolytic when initially isolated from throat swabs and, because they were also bacitracin sensitive, they could be confused with the pathogenic Streptococcus pyogenes on primary culture plates. These strains were isolated form approximately 3000 throat swab cultures made in 6 mth, during which time 220 Lancefield group A organisms were also detected. Other features of these organisms, including loss of beta-haemolysis on subculture, penicillin resistance in half of the strains and ability to grow on MacConkey bile salt agar, are not shared by Strep. pyogenes, and their demonstration enables strains of the 2 species to be simply distinguished.

Bacitracin↗
PubMed1986

Primary throat anthrax. A report of six cases.

73 cases of anthrax were recorded by the Health Office in the Sivas region in the last 4 years. This paper presents a rare and severe clinical form of anthrax displaying diagnostic difficulties. Six women aged between 16-46 were diagnosed as having throat anthrax and treated in the Infectious Diseases Department of Cumhuriyet University. The lesions were localized on the tonsils in 5 cases and on the base of the tongue in 1 case. The main clinical features were sore throat, dysphagia, fever, regional lymphadenopathy on the neck and toxemia. Three patients died with toxemia and sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of Bacillus anthracis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Throat carrier rates of beta-hemolytic streptococci among healthy adults and children.

In order to investigate the carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci throat cultures were obtained every third month from 382 asymptomatic adults and schoolchildren during a 2-year period, altogether 2226 samples. In addition, 300 asymptomatic 4-year-olds were sampled once. The carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci was 19.4%; group A streptococci alone 5.0%. There was no season-dependent variation. In the 3 age groups the carrier rates of group A streptococci were 0.8%, 5.9%, and 11.3%, respectively, with the highest rate among the 4-year-olds. Some of the individuals that were sampled repeatedly seemed to be pharyngeal carriers of group A streptococci, while others never became carriers. Group A streptococci were found significantly more often among 4-year-olds not attending day-care centres compared to those attending such institutions. For group C and G streptococci the influence of age on carrier rates was not similar to that found for group A streptococci. Throat carriership of beta-hemolytic streptococci does not result in clinical infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Rapid throat-culture as diagnostic aid: ineffective in decreasing antibiotic prescriptions.

An overnight slide-culture for the detection of group A streptococci was introduced in a Finnish health centre. The number of patients from whom a throat culture was obtained increased from 55% to 70% with the new method. Despite this increase, the prescribing habits of primary care physicians did not change. Treatment was in most cases (84-90% of those treated) still initiated before culture results were available, and antibacterial medication was discontinued only occasionally (1-3%). Physicians usually decided the treatment during the first consultation. These findings contradict earlier studies where prescriptions decreased during rapid culture. Use of throat cultures as diagnostic aid should be reconsidered, especially when more rapid methods now are available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

How reliable and useful is the latex agglutination test in diagnosing streptococcal throat infection in general practice?

A rapid latex agglutination test for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis in general practice was evaluated on 226 patients with acute throat infection. The test had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91% regarding group A beta hemolytic streptococci. The test was fairly simple to perform and the result was available before the patient left the office. The test was supplied as a self-contained kit, was safe to handle and economically acceptable. Even through this test is not a reliable as the traditional microbiological culture, it represents a significant practical and clinical improvement in the daily management of patients with acute throat infections.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1987

Use of reference specimens for throat swab cultures on Streptocult.

Seventy-five general practitioners (GPs) who regularly used Streptocult for culture of throat swabs participated in a study aimed at evaluating the need for and the possible educational effect of examining reference specimens. Their pre-study and post-study accuracy in the interpretation of cultures of simulated throat specimens were analyzed. One group of 38 GPs received instructions as well as supplementary reference specimens during the study, while no instructions were given to the remaining 37 GPs. There was no discernible difference in the post-study accuracy of the two groups. Before the study, 80% of the GPs had felt to be in need of reference specimens; after the study, 61% did so. A majority suggested that three reference specimens should be distributed once or twice a year. Eighty-six per cent had never checked the temperature in their incubator. After doing so, only 54% measured a temperature within the recommended range of 35-37 degrees C.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Changes in the daily rhythm of plasma corticosterone concentration related to seasonal conditions in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis.

Circadian variations in concentrations of plasma corticosterone were investigated in the white-throated sparrow maintained on short (10-hr) or long (16-hr) daily photoperiods. In addition, the plasma concentrations of corticosterone were determined throughout a day in birds that were in the reproductively photosensitive spring migratory condition, the reproductively photorefractory post nuptial molt condition, and the fall migratory condition. Distinct unimodal rhythms were found in photosensitive birds. The daily rise occurred 12 hr after the offset of light in birds kept on both the short and the long photoperiodic regimens. There was no discernible daily variation in photorefractory birds kept on a 16 hr daily photoperiod and there was a bimodal rhythm in the birds that were in the fall migratory condition. The results are consistent with an hypothesis that assigns an important role to the circadian rhythm of corticosteroid concentration in the photoperiodic mechanism controlling seasonal reproductive and migratory conditions in the white-throated sparrow.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of an arenavirus in white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula), southeastern Colorado, 1995-1999.

From 1995 to 1999, we conducted longitudinal studies of white- throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) in southeastern Colorado. Forty-five (42.9%) of 105 female and 15 (26.8%) of 56 male N. albigula had antibodies against Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Sixteen female and three male N. albigula seroconverted during the study period, most of them during July-November, when population densities are highest. Analyses of longevity data, minimum numbers alive and infected, movements, and weight data suggest that the dominant mode of WWAV transmission among white-throated woodrats in Colorado is direct contact. WWAV was recently reported to cause fatal infection in humans. Our findings will lead to better assessment of the public health threat posed by infected woodrats and may be useful in predicting periods of increased risk for human infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Bacteriologic characteristics and serotypings of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from throats of school children.

To determine the carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS), throat cultures were taken from healthy elementary school children in four separate areas of Korea from 1992 to 1995, including Inje, Nonsan, Seoul and Chinju. The strains of Streptococcus pyogenes had been serotyped with anti-T, -OF and -M sera. The isolation rates of BHS and S. pyogenes ranged from 14.1-32.4% and 10.9-18.5% respectively. More than half of the carriers showed heavy growth of BHS. M78 (48.6%) and M28 (22.2%) were most common in Inje, M12 (23.6%) and M5 (20.3%) in Nonsan, M12 (48.8%) and M5 (14.6%) in Seoul, and M12 (26.3%) and M22 (14.5%) in Chinju, respectively. About 15% of school children were positive for S. pyogenes in throat cultures, and the distribution of serotypes varied according to geographical regions.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1990

Head skeletal abnormalities associated with the throat tuft mutation (hfdTt) in the Japanese quail.

Hereditary abnormalities of head skeleton ascribed to embryonic visceral arch defects were investigated in Japanese quail homozygous for the throat tuft mutation (hfdTt). Differential staining for bone and cartilage of 15-day embryos revealed partial deletion or irregularity in the mandible, basiparasphenoid, hyoid apparatus, and quadratojugal bones, incidences of which were 84, 44, 40, and 18%, respectively. Incidence of the head-skeleton abnormality was 88% when individuals having at least one of the abnormalities mentioned were regarded as abnormal. Throat tuft (hfdTt) and ear tuft (hfd) homozygotes showed distinct differences between them, although both alleles are associated with visceral arch defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Subclinical swallowing disorder in patients with abnormal sensation in the throat].

Measurement of swallowing pressure was done in 75 patients who complained of abnormal sensation such as obstructive sensation, difficulty in swallowing, etc. in the throat without noticeable cause. Abnormal swallowing pressure curves were observed in 33 patients (44%), and 76% of them showed abnormal elevation of the pressure at the hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal region. These results indicated that subclinical swallowing disorder, particularly abnormal high swallowing pressure, can be a possible cause of their complaints. The author assumed that abnormal elevation of swallowing pressure is due to hypertonicity of the hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal muscles. By the animal experiments using dog, a muscle relaxant, eperizone hydrochloride, revealed to change muscle tonus of the hypopharyngoesophageal muscles. Intravenous administration of the drug decreased swallowing pressure and prolonged the relaxation time of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Clinically the muscle relaxant showed to be effective in ameliorating the complaint of the patients with abnormal high swallowing pressure at the hypopharyngeal or cervical esophageal region. Based on the above results, the author proposed that the clinical entity, hypopharyngeal-cervical esophageal hypertonicity, causes a subclinical swallowing disorder leading to the abnormal sensation in the throat.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[On the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the throat of medical students (author's transl)].

There have been taken throat swabs of 148 medical students for making inquiries about the carrier rate of Staph. aureus. 106 of these persons could be checked-up after ca. two weeks. A comparison was made with the nursing staff of surgical wards of a university hospital. In view of the medical students Staph. aureus could be cultivated out of the throat swabs in 30%, in view of the hospital staff in 22%. 18% of the medical students were carriers for least two weeks. The Staph. aureus strains isolated from medical students and those isolated from the nursing staff showed on principle the same characteristics towards antibiotics resistance. With regard to the bedside-teaching it should be taken into consideration, that medical students are carriers of Staph. aureus to such a degree as the nursing staff.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1976

Streptococcal sore throat in general practice--a controlled study.

A controlled study was undertaken to determine the incidence of Group A haemolytic streptococci and other bacterial pathogens in throat swabs from patients presenting with sore throats. The isolation rate (38-8%) of Group A haemolytic streptococci from patients with acute tonsillitis was significantly higher than the isolation rate (8-9%) in a control group, but there was no significant difference in the isolation rates in patients diagnosed as having acute pharyngitis compared with the control group. There was no difference in the isolation rates of the other bacterial pathogens in the patient and control groups. In-vitro antibiotic studies were performed, and a comparison was made of the results of these tests and the treatment prescribed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ear, nose and throat findings in cystic fibrosis patients.

An ear-nose-throat survey was carried out on 30 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) between two and 17 years of age. There were three (10%) confirmed cases of secretory otitis media. One child had previous surgery for polyps. Ten children had chronic pansinusitis mildly responsive to medical therapy. Hypertrophy of the nasal conchae was detected in eight cases. The data showed that the risk of ear-nose-and-throat disease was increased in CF patients, but audiologic problems are not very common in CF patients. CF should be kept in mind in children who have nasal polyps, hypertrophied turbinates or sinusitis unresponsive to medical therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Communicating information about sore throats and rheumatic fever to South Auckland high-school students.

AIMS: The present study examined the effectiveness of three modes of communication designed to increase high school students' knowledge about throat infections and rheumatic fever in a high risk area. METHODS: The study was part of an evaluation of a rheumatic fever prevention programme that has established 27 school-based 'sore throat' clinics in South Auckland. The rationale for the clinics was explained to students through: assemblies conducted by public health nurses, written information sheets and classroom lessons. The effectiveness of each communication mode was assessed by comparing the knowledge of students from eight classes at an intervention school with eight classes at a control school before and after the intervention school students received the teaching. RESULTS: Students at the intervention school showed a significant improvement in knowledge compared to students at the control school. The assembly presentations by health professionals were more effective in informing students than information sheets or classroom lessons. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that presentations by health professionals are an effective method of teaching basic health information to students in these South Auckand secondary schools. Classroom teachers need to be provided with appropriate resources, if they are to provide effective instruction. Written information sheets should not be relied on.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Acute epiglottitis presenting as the sensation of a foreign body in the throat.

A 49-year-old man presented with dysphagia and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, after he had swallowed chicken meat that contained bones during the previous evening. There were no respiratory symptoms. A plain lateral soft-tissue X-ray of the neck and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a grossly swollen epiglottis. His condition improved rapidly with intravenous antibiotic therapy. As acute epiglottitis may be a sudden life-threatening condition, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for patients who present with an obstructive sensation in the throat.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Antibiotics for sore throat: impact of feedback to patients on the probability of bacterial infection.

Antibiotics are overused in the management of sore throat. Using a scoring system with 108 attenders, we provided feedback on the likelihood of bacterial infection and measured the impact on initial patient expectation for antibiotic therapy. Patient attitudes and beliefs regarding antibiotics were also examined. Of sixty two patients whose score suggested viral infection, 18(29%) opted not to take an antibiotic prescription. The 42(67%) who still wanted an antibiotic, despite being told it was "unlikely or highly unlikely" to help, had a higher mean attendance rate for sore throat (1.63 v 0.83 (p = 0.14)) and other illness (6.53 v 4.22 (p = 0.22)), and a higher mean re-attendance rate following the study (1.68 v 0.50 (p = 0.025)). Qualitative analysis suggests that this subgroup may believe in the analgesic properties of antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in throat by nested polymerase chain reaction and analysis of DNA sequencing in pediatric patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) and acute upper respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients by using nested polymerase chain reaction(nPCR) and analysis of DNA sequencing techniques. METHODS: The specimens of throat swab were obtained in 62 acute upper respiratory tract infections children and 80 health children. The two kinds of Mg species-specific, in which the sequences of I-III and V-VII variable regions of Mg 16Sr RNA gene were detected by using nPCR technique. DNA sequences of positive product were detected and analysed. RESULTS: The Positive rate of health children is 5% (4/80), while the acute upper respiratory tract infection children is 21% (13/62). The difference is significant (P < 0.001). The DNA sequences of positive product shows that: there are two point mutation(T-->C) in the sequences of V-VII variable regions of throat swab of one pediatric patient, other sequences are same as those Mg type strain(G-37T). CONCLUSIONS: Acute upper respiratory tract infection of pediatric patients have relation with Mg. There are Mg mutant strain in China.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗