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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Use of external drainage of the thoracic duct and lymphosorption in the complex treatment of acute diffuse peritonitis].

In 47 patients with acute generalized peritonitis in the complex of therapeutic measures, the external drainage of the thoracic duct (EDTD) with subsequent lymphosorption (LS) was used. The effectiveness of treatment was judged about by the lymph and blood toxicity, and as well by contents of peptides with the molecular mass of from 300 to 1000 dalton. In favourable course of the postoperative period, the increase in lymph debit and decrease in proteolytic enzyme activity in the lymph and blood were noted. The use of EDTD and LS in the complex with the other methods of treatment permitted to achieve a clinical effect in 76.6% of cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

The association of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery, a right-sided terminating thoracic duct, and a left vertebral artery of aortic origin: anatomical and clinical considerations.

The findings in a cadaver demonstrated: (a) an aberrant retroesophageal right subclavian artery (RRSA); (b) a thoracic duct (Th.d.) terminating at the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins ('venous angle'), and (c) a left vertebral artery (LVA) of aortic origin. The origin of the RRSA from the aortic arch was distal and medial to the left subclavian artery and it reached the upper extremity by crossing posterior to the esophagus. The Th.d. ran a normal retroesophageal course in the mediastinum, until it was intercepted by the anomalous subclavian artery. At this level the Th.d. was deflected towards the right and, accompanied by the anomalous artery, reached the right venous angle. The LVA arose from the aortic arch between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries, and ascended to the transverse foramen of C6. The practical importance of associations in general is discussed, and the special diagnostic and surgical significance of the RRSA and Th.d. is stressed.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1994

The tunica media of the thoracic duct contains a heterogeneous population of muscle cells.

The three-dimensional cyto-architecture and ultrastructure of cells composing the different regions of the tunica media of canine and feline thoracic ducts (ThD) were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tunica media of the intervalvular regions consists of 2-4 layers of circulatory oriented ribbon-like smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the contractile phenotype. Spot-like membrane contacts similar to gap junctions were observed between SMCs. In the parietal part of the valve's sinus (PPVS), modified SMCs containing large lipid droplets were found. Occasionally, in the upper thoracic part of the ThD in the PPVS, we observed cardiomyocyte-like cells (CMLCs) arranged as circularly oriented bundles. Frequent interdigitation contacts were formed between SMCs and CMLCs, suggesting a possible involvement of the latter cell type in pacemakers activity in the ThD.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Anastomosis of the thoracic duct and the esophagus in surgical treatment of cholestasis. Experimental research].

After brief recall of the pathophysiology of cholestasis, the authors describe a technic of internal drainage of lymph from the thoracic duct by an indirect anastomosis created surgically between the latter and the esophaghus. They conclude that the procedure definitely solves certain symptomatologic aspects of cholestasis, but has no effects on the underlying anatomopathological lesion, which does not regress once established.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Specific selection of cytotoxic effector cells: the generation of cytotoxic T cells in rat thoracic duct lymphocyte populations positively or negatively selected for reactivity to specific strong histocompatibility alloantigens.

These studies consider the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from precursors (CTLP) present in rat thoracic duct lymphocytes after stimulation with strong alloantigens. Also, they explore the relationship between CTLP and "initiator" (I) lymphocytes responsible for specific GVH and MLI reactions. Positively selected TDL populations prepared in bulk MLI cultures show enriched GVH and MLI reactivity for the selecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype, but no cytotoxic activity, raising the possibility that I and CTLP may belong to different subpopulations, and the latter failed to differentiate or to survive under these culture conditions. Restimulation of these cells in Marbrook culture vessels with the original priming haplotype under conditions suitable for generating killer cells in vitro resulted in greatly increased specific CTL activity with accelerated kinetics soon after priming and normal kinetics later. These findings indicate that "memory" killer cells can be generated in a previously stimulated lymphocyte population that had no overt cytotoxic activity. Restimulation with third party haplotypes failed to give CTL activity either to specific or to third party targets. Negatively selected TDL populations prepared by "filtration" through x-irradiated F1 rats, depleted of specific GVH and MLI responses, were also depleted of the ability to generate CTL in Marbrook cultures stimulated with the selecting haplotype. Stimulation with third party haplotypes, or with both third party and specific haplotypes together, gave CTL effective only against the third party target.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

The host cell response in the local graft-versus-host reaction induced in the kidneys of F 1 rats by parental thoracic duct lymphocytes.

Radioautographs of infiltrative cells in the kidneys of (Lewis x BN)F(1) rats labeled with tritiated thymidine (TdR(3)H) before the subcapsular injection of parental (Lewis) thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) showed a predominantly host-proliferative response by 4 days after grafting. The immediate renal incorporation of TdR(3)H was used to measure the local graft-vs.-host (GVH) reactions. Substantial reactions could still be induced in the face of the considerable degree of leukopenia after 400 R whole body gamma-irradiation. These results suggest that radioresistant cells are capable of carrying on the appropriate host activities and that the weakness of GVH reactions induced after higher doses of irradiation may be due to impairment of the mitotic mechanism of host cells. The importance of circulating leukocytes as a source of immunogenic stimulation was nevertheless substantiated by inducing local GVH reactions with Lew TDL in chimeric parental-type rats that had been repopulated with F(1) bone marrow. This result also emphasizes the nonspecific nature of tissue destruction in the renal GVH reaction in confirmation of Elkins. In this and other situations in which B cells were the predominant F(1) type elements available for interaction with parental-type TDL the reactions were nearly equivalent or equivalent to those in the appropriate controls. Typical local GVH reactions could be induced in heavily irradiated hosts by an inoculum of combined parental and F(1)-type TDL in the apparent absence of mononuclear phagocytes. The possible relationship between the activation of host lymphocytes, the involvement of B cells, and the nonspecific nature of tissue damage in the renal GVH is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Investigations with 3H-thymidine and electron microscopical studies in rat livers following thermocoagulation of the thoracic duct at the base of the neck (author's transl)].

Autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine were done in 90 male and female white Sprague Dawley rats following thermocoagulation of the thoracic duct at the base of the neck. In the acute stages of these experiments we were unable to find any significant influence of a lymphedema on the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. In the longterm experiments the labelling indices of the hepatocytes were slightly above those of healthy controls of the same age. In another 14 male and female white Sprague Dawley rats we did electron microscopical investigations of the liver. In the acute phase of the experiment we found an intra- and extrahepatic edema as well as damages of the hepatocytes at the periphery of the liver acini. After 12-15 days these findings have regressed. It seems therefore that an intrahepatic lymphedema does not influence the regenerative capacity of the liver to a marked extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Thoracic duct cannulation in a patient with lung cancer.

Previously the authors demonstrated limited effectiveness of tumor specific active immunotherapy adjunct to radical surgery in patients with lung cancer. In order to improve the therapeutic effectiveness, a patient with inoperable lung carcinoma was treated with a radical surgery, tumor vaccination, and "unblocking procedures" which consisted of splenectomy and throacic duct canulation. In vitro studies demonstrated the evidence of sensitization of the patient against his own tumor, removal of blocking factor by the thoracic duct fistual from the circulation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1997

[The development of the thoracic duct lymphangions in the prenatal period of human ontogeny].

The study was performed in 77 fetuses and 10 cadavers of newborns using the complex of methods, the basic one being the total preparation after A. V. Borisov. Thoracic duct lymphangions develop craniocaudad in 13-18 week fetuses. Maximal number of intervalvular segments (up to 35) was observed during the middle of intrauterine development. They achieve definitive number (15-20) by the moment of birth which correlates with active formation of muscular base. The wall of duct in fetus has constructions of capillary, postcapillary, non-muscular and muscular type vessel. Lymphangion is primitive in 13-28 week fetuses and definitive in 29-36 week ones. Local peculiarities of lymphangion myoarchitectonics were shown. The role of accessory beds of the duct in lymph passage was demonstrated.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1975

Concentration and transport of different sugars in the lymph of the thoracic duct and in blood of the portal vein in dogs after enteral and parenteral administration.

The uptake and distribution of glucose, galactose, fructose and inulin in dogs was investigated in the lymph of the thoracic duct and in different blood vessels after enteral and parenteral administration. Whereas inulin could be detected neither in the lymph nor in portal venous blood after enteral administration, all other sugars were found in different concentrations in blood and lymph. Although the concentration of different sugars in the lymph after enteral and parenteral application can be compared to that in serum, the amount of sugars transported via the lymphatics is so small that it can be neglected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Acid-base changes of the thoracic duct lymph during hypercapnia and an estimation of cellular contribution to ECF buffering capacity.

During 90 min of spontaneous or controlled CO2 breathing in splenectomized dogs, the acid-base parameter changes of the thoracic duct lymph were compared with those of the arterial and postcaval venous blood. (1) The lymph reached an apparent steady state in the acid-base parameters at least 10 min after the blood. (2) The lymph bicarbonate concentration gradually increased almost in parallel with the lymph PCO2 elevation, while the raised plasma bicarbonate concentration remained nearly unchanged until the end of CO2 inhalation. (3) The in vivo buffer slope of the lymph increased strikingly within 10 min, reaching three times the in vitro slope at 90 min after inception of CO2 breathing. After 10 min, the lymph value became higher than the venous value, suggesting early cellular contribution to ECF buffering. (4) Considering the lymph values as representative of the interstitial fluid values, cellular contribution to ECF buffering was computed; they were 7.8, 15.6, and 10.7% in the spontaneously breathing group, and 8.9, 10.6, and 12.0% in the controlled ventilation group at 30, 60, and 90 min of CO2 breathing, respectively.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗