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The amalgam tattoo is an asymptomatic, ill-defined pigmented macule or patch on the gingiva, buccal mucosa, or mucobuccal fold. It can be cosmetically disfiguring if present on the anterior gingiva. The only reported treatments have involved extensive surgery and grafting. We report use of the Q-switched ruby laser to remove a gingival amalgam tattoo.
Ritual scarification is the culturally sanctioned process of incising the skin to achieve patterned scars. Scarification was practiced widely by traditional societies, but the encroachment of Western cultural expectations has made the practice increasingly uncommon. Ritual tattooing has a meaningful place in many traditional societies. Ritual scarification and tattooing are still found on Santa Catalina Island, an isolated member of the Solomon Islands in the south-west Pacific.
In the course of prevention of infectious diseases the Public Health office of the city of Bremen has made increase efforts to improve hygienic conditions in tattoo and piercing studios. Defined and practicable hygienic standards have been developed and formulated for and in cooperation with the studios. Supported by intense personal counselling of the studios the hygienic standards are now--after 6-9 months--widely accepted and increasingly observed in practice. This programme has been--as a crucial point--supplemented by intense information for the general public and the customers of the studios in order to support (and control) the practice of hygienic standards in tattooing and piercing also from this point of view.
Amalgam tattoos are common oral lesions. The case presented here involved a 33-year-old woman who had had an amalgam tattoo for 2 years and complained of localized soreness and occasional swelling as well as systemic symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, sinusitis, and headaches. After excisional biopsy of the lesion, the patient's complaints ceased dramatically. It is suggested that alterations in healing due to the presence of amalgam particles led to systemic as well as local disease.
Amalgam tattoos develop as an amalgam deposit often as a result of continuous contact between an amalgam filling and the gingiva or amalgam fragments embedded in the oral tissue during dental filling or surgical operations. Sometimes fragments of amalgam restorations are broken off during extraction and embed in the adjacent soft tissue. In our case a small piece of amalgam had broken off during an extraction after retrograde filling up this tooth some years before following a resection of the dental root. Embedded in the depth of the bony resection cavity the piece of amalgam had produced the amalgam tattoo 13 years later.
Calcifications located in the dermis of the breast may appear indistinguishable from intramammary calcifications. The authors present a sign, called the tattoo sign, that can help radiologists identify dermal calcifications. When mammograms are compared, calcifications that maintain a fixed relationship to each other suggest a dermal location. This can be verified with standard techniques. Understanding the tattoo sign may help prevent unnecessary needle localization and biopsy procedures.
BACKGROUND: Advances in fluorescence microscopy and mouse transgenesis have made it possible to image molecular events in living animals. However, the generation of transgenic mice is a lengthy process and intravital imaging requires specialized knowledge and equipment. Here, we report a rapid and undemanding intravital imaging method using generally available equipment. RESULTS: By DNA tattooing we transfect keratinocytes of living mice with DNA encoding fluorescent biosensors. Subsequently, the behavior of individual cells expressing these biosensors can be visualized within hours and using conventional microscopy equipment. Using this "instant transgenic" model in combination with a corrected coordinate system, we followed the in vivo behavior of individual cells expressing either FRET- or location-based biosensors for several days. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by assessment of in vivo caspase-3 activation upon induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: This "instant skin transgenic" model can be used to follow the in vivo behavior of individual cells expressing either FRET- or location-based probes for several days after tattooing and provides a rapid and inexpensive method for intravital imaging in murine skin.
We report a case of axillary lymphadenopathy thirty years after a decorative tattoo clinically mimicking metastatic melanoma. The importance of relying on histological confirmation of metastatic disease before altering extent of surgery is discussed. The importance of recording presence of decorative tattoos is stressed.
Blast injury traumatic tattooing is a discouraging problem, because concomitant injuries so often preclude adequate preventive measures at the time of injury, and treatment is frequently less than satisfactory. The patient must be cautioned that all of the tattooing is not likely to be eliminated. We favor planned staged excisions, using deep dermabrasion as a final step.
Methods of "tattooing" the colon endoscopically were evaluated in a series of studies on dogs. Injections were performed through a sigmoidoscope using a 25-gauge sclerotherapy needle. The first phase showed excellent staining with methylene blue; however, after 24 hours the stain had completely diffused and was no longer visible. In the second phase, eight agents were evaluated for durability at the site of injection. Only indocyanine green and india ink remained visible on the serosal surface of the bowel after 48 hours. While indocyanine green showed no adverse tissue reaction, india ink caused a significant inflammatory infiltrate with microhemorrhage and thrombosis. The final phase confirmed the staining qualities of indocyanine green. The dye persisted for seven days, and no adverse reactions were noted, either macro- or microscopically. Based on our findings, indocyanine green is an excellent agent for use in tattooing the colon to facilitate intraoperative localization of small colonic lesions. Clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this agent in humans are warranted.
A case of homicide (two shots through a sheet of glass) is reported with regard to "pseudo-powder-tattooing" (irregular stippling of skin due to fragments of glass). The findings are compared with real powder-tattooing as seen in cases of intermediate-range gunshot wounds.
En bloc composite cancer surgery for head and neck tumors is now available with reconstruction. Preoperative adjuvant therapy threatens the concept of wide resection because of alteration of tumor margins. Pre-irradiation tattooing at resection margins will preserve this fundamental surgical doctrine.
Preliminary investigation of a frequency-doubled YAG laser (KTP 532 nm) manufactured by Laserscope of Santa Clara was undertaken. Twenty-five patients with either port wine hemangiomas or decorative tattoos were treated with a 532-nm light and the results compared to argon laser at identical power settings. Clinical and histological results were identical between the two lasers.
A technique embodying the use of chemical agents and the argon laser was developed in the 1981-1982 that provides for a more complete removal of tattoo dye with one treatment. The number of visits for the laser treatment to the patient is reduced to two or three treatment sessions, compared to five to eight visits previously required. The area of "chemo-laser" approximated the normal skin without hypertrophic scar tissue more than the areas of multiple or heavy laser treatment.
A study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, the risk factors for HCV infection and the markers of hepatic disease in a population of prisoners. Of 101 new prisoners admitted to a Norwegian national prison over a three month period, 70 were included in the study, of whom 32 (46%) were anti-HCV positive. Intravenous drug abuse was the predominant risk factor for HCV infection, although a history of tattooing was found by logistic regression analysis to be a significant risk factor independent of intravenous drug abuse. Most anti-HCV positive prisoners had a history of previous incarcerations. Among the anti-HCV positive subjects, increased alanine aminotransferase (> 50 U/l) was found in 23 (72%). HCV infection was the major cause of hepatic abnormalities in the study population. Only 15 (47%) of the anti-HCV positive prisoners reported knowledge of previous hepatic disease.
Hypopigmented skin developed following tattoo removal with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The hypopigmented area remained unchanged for over 4 years, until the use of the 308-nm xenon-chloride excimer laser induced a significant repigmentation in 40 sessions over 14 months. The excimer laser has the potential to influence the reduced activity of the melanocytes, as demonstrated with electron microscopy.
We here report the successful but unusual course of colonic tattooing in a patient with a carcinoma in situ in a polyp. A 70-year-old woman was admitted for persistent diarrhea, occult fecal blood, and anemia. During colonoscopy, a pedunculated large polyp in the sigmoid colon occluding the lumen was removed successfully. Histopathological examination revealed a carcinoma in situ with a resection of the peduncle in sano. At the second sigmoidoscopy, the polypectomy site was marked with India ink to facilitate the recovery of the polypectomy site in follow-up endoscopies. Three months later, the India ink had spread in the submucosal layer and a segment measuring 15 cm was colored dark blue. At the original polypectomy site, an uncolored flat mucosal proliferation was found above the dark colonic wall. After mucosectomy, the tissue was classified as hyperplastic. Six weeks later, a second control sigmoidoscopy did not show any suspicious mucosal alterations.
Tattooing and body piercing may be visible markers to identify adolescents whose lifestyle may put them at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality. In 664 Brazilian adolescents we found 8.4% of body modifications. Further, sexual experience, illicit drug, alcohol consumption, and anti-HBc positivity were independently associated with them. These data suggest the potential risk of tattooing/body piercing in our youths.