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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A water quality analysis system to evaluate the impact of agricultural activities on N outflow in river basins in Japan.

We have developed a personal-computer-based water quality analysis system for river basins. The system estimates potential N outflow by model and calculates actual N outflow from monitoring data. For the former it uses the potential load factor method to estimate annual nitrogen load from various sources and runoff potential from each area of land in a basin. For the latter it analyzes water quality monitoring data in relation to meteorological data. We used the system to analyze N outflow in basins around Lake Kasumigaura and the Yahagi River in central Honshu, Japan. The land around Lake Kasumigaura is rather flat, and about 25% is periodically flooded for rice and lotus cultivation. The land around the Yahagi River is mountainous, and much less land is flooded. In the Yahagi River basin the actual N outflow agreed closely with the potential. However, the actual N outflow in the basin around Lake Kasumigaura was much less than the potential, suggesting that a large part of the N load is denitrified in flooded soils. This further indicates that a sequence of different land uses including flooded rice fields is an important factor determining N outflow in basins in Japan. On the basis of the above analyses, we incorporated a denitrification model into the system that enables us to estimate N balance in a designated basin; this system may be helpful in the formulation of scenarios of land use and soil management for improving water quality.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1992

A human genome analysis system (HUGA-I) developed in Japan.

A part of the Japanese human genome project has resulted in the development of a world original human genome analysis system. Circumstances of the project, objective, design concept, and constitution of the system are described in the paper.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of a simple method for measuring the cellular DNA content of mouse oocytes and embryos, human fibroblasts and parthenogenetically activated human oocytes using a computerised image analysis system (Seescan).

We report the use of a simple, reproducible, photocytometric method for measuring nuclear DNA content of DAPI-stained cells, using a computerised image analysis system: Seescan. As this technique is non-destructive and uses very short exposure to ultraviolet light, it can be used for either fixed or vital material. After correcting for any background cytoplasmic staining, the intensity of nuclear stain was measured by the Seescan and compared with that of control cells of known ploidy. Fixed material was found to stain more intensely than live material initially, but demonstrated a rapid loss of nuclear intensity over the first 90 min following removal from DAPI, after which the level plateaued. In contrast, live cells showed no change in nuclear intensity with time. The system was validated by measuring the DNA content of carefully timed mouse blastomeres, human fetal lung fibroblasts and parthenogenetically activated human oocytes. The results obtained were appropriate for the developmental stage or phenotypic appearance of each of the cell types measured.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A novel mating system analysis for modes of self-oriented mating applied to diploid and polyploid arctic Easter daisies (Townsendia hookeri).

We have developed a new model for mating system analysis, which attempts to distinguish among alternative modes of self-oriented mating within populations. This model jointly estimates the rates of outcrossing, selfing, automixis and apomixis, through the use of information in the family structure given by dominant genetic marker data. The method is presented, its statistical properties evaluated, and is applied to three arctic Easter daisy populations, one consisting of diploids, the other two of tetraploids. The tetraploids are predominantly male sterile and reported to be apomictic while the diploids are male fertile. In each Easter daisy population, 10 maternal arrays of six progeny were assayed for amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Estimates, confirmed with likelihood ratio tests of mating hypotheses, showed apomixis to be predominant in all populations (ca. 70%), but selfing or automixis was moderate (ca. 25%) in tetraploids. It was difficult to distinguish selfing from automixis, and simulations confirm that with even very large sample sizes, the estimates have a very strong negative statistical correlation, for example, they are not independent. No selfing or automixis was apparent in the diploid population, instead, moderate levels of outcrossing were detected (23%). Low but significant levels of outcrossing (2-4%) seemed to occur in the male-sterile tetraploid populations; this may be due to genotyping error of this level. Overall, this study shows apomixis can be partial, and provides evidence for higher levels of inbreeding in polyploids compared to diploids and for significant levels of apomixis in a diploid plant population.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed1994

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system.

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies methods. Major sources of variability for semi-automated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.

Bone Remodeling↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the E+V video image analysis system as a predictor of pork carcass meat yield.

This study was conducted to assess the ability of the VCS2001 (E+V, Oranienburg, Germany) video image analysis system to predict pork carcass composition. Pork carcasses (n = 278) were selected from a commercial packing plant to differ in weight, Fat-O-Meater (FOM) predicted percentage lean, and gender. Carcasses were imaged three times with the VCS2001, chilled overnight, and then sequentially fabricated into boneless subprimals. The VCS2001 accurately predicted the weight of total saleable product (R2 = 0.88, root mean square error [RMSE] = 1.84) and fat-corrected lean (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 1.66), but autocorrelation existed between dependent and independent variables. The VCS2001 was acceptably accurate and precise in predicting weights of bone-in ham (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 0.80), bone-in loin (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 1.17), loin lean (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.82), belly (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 0.94), sparerib (R2 = 0.55, RMSE = 0.28), and boneless shoulder (R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 0.79). Weights were more accurately predicted than yields (as a percentage of hot carcass weight) of total saleable product (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 1.97) or total fat-corrected lean (R2 = 0.44, RMSE = 1.89) using VCS2002, and it did not accurately predict percentages of bone-in ham (R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 1.13), ham lean (R2 = 0.32, RMSE = 1.46), bone-in loin (R2 = 0.29, RMSE = 1.36), loin lean (R2 = 0.56, RMSE = 0.90), belly (R2 = 0.43, RMSE = 1.08), sparerib (R2 = 0.08, RMSE = 0.32), or boneless shoulder (R2 = 0.30, RMSE = 0.88). New prediction models and equations were developed using VCS2001 output variables plus hot carcass weight to predict weight of total saleable product (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 1.72) and fat-corrected lean (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.55) with very minimal increases in accuracy and precision over that achieved using E+V-programmed models and equations. Use of new prediction models and equations marginally improved accuracy and precision of estimations of total saleable product yield (R2 = 0.56, RMSE = 1.81) and fat-corrected lean yield (R2 = 0.57, RMSE = 1.67) over that achieved using E+V-programmed models and equations. The VCS2001 was not able to predict pork carcass composition more accurately than existing technology; therefore, further development is needed to assure commercial viability of this instrument.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Developmental change of Moro reflex studied with a three-dimensional motion analysis system].

We evaluated developmental change of the reaction time of the Moro reflex from birth to three months of age using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (ToMoCo-VM:Tousou system). The reaction time was the shortest in one-month-old babies and became successively prolonged in two and three-month-old babies, showing a U-shaped pattern. The three phase of the Moro reflex, as defined by McGraw, changed with advancing age. The reaction time changed monthly. At the same monthly age, the reaction time was the same irrespective of the phase.

Aging↗
PubMed2007

A new quantitative analysis system for the evaluation of coronary bifurcation lesions: comparison with current conventional methods.

BACKGROUND: Objective conventional quantitative angiographic systems are designed to automatically follow the contours of straight vascular segments and not of bifurcations. Recently a new analysis method was specifically developed for bifurcation lesions, able to automatically divide the lesion into three separate segments. In this study, we aimed to assess whether the smaller interaction required by the analyst could reduce the analysis time and inter and intra observer variability when compared with a conventional analysis. METHOD: We used a dedicated system (QVA-CMS V. 6.0 with the Bifurcation Module, MEDIS, Leiden, The Netherlands) applying a minimum cost algorithm tuned to detect the contours of the proximal main vessel (PMV), distal main vessel (DMV), and side-branch (SB). We assessed the intra- and the interobserver agreement in measurements of minimal lumen diameter (MLD) and percentage diameter stenosis (%DS) of the PMV and DMV, as well as of the SB ostium in 30 angiograms of patients before and after percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stenting of both branches. The consensus between measurements by two observers and by the same observer was analyzed using the intra- and interclass correlation coefficient and the reliability coefficients for all measurements. Bland-Altman plots before and after PCI were also generated to assess the relationship between variability and absolute measurements. RESULTS: Before PCI, intra- and interobserver variabilities were consistently lower for the new QVA system, with a significant difference for lesion length in the SB. Post-PCI data showed a greater variability in the assessment of diameter stenosis with both techniques. The time for analysis was significantly lower both before and after PCI for QVA compared with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) (4.7 +/- 1.1 min versus 6.2 +/- 1.3 min, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that this new quantitative bifurcation analysis system can be consistently applied to the analysis of bifurcation lesions before and after angioplasty, with an intra- and interobserver reproducibility equal to or better than the conventional analysis system with a significantly shorter analysis time.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design and evaluation of a breath-analysis system for biological monitoring of volatile compound.

To ensure the health and safety of workers, integrated industrial hygiene methodologies often include biological monitoring of the workers to help understand their exposure to chemicals. To this end, a field-portable breath-analysis system was developed and tested to measure selected solvents in exhaled air. The exhaled breath data were evaluated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to relate exposure to tissue dose. The system was designed to monitor workers every time they entered or left a work environment--a vast improvement over current 8-hour integrated monitoring strategies. The system combines (1) chemical dosimeters to measure airborne contaminant levels (analyzed in the field/ workplace); (2) real-time breath analysis to quantitate exposure; and 3) PBPK models to estimate internal target tissue dose. To evaluate the system, field tests were conducted at two locations: (1) at an incinerator in Tennessee monitoring benzene and toluene exposures; and (2) a waste repackaging facility in Washington State where hexane, trimethylbenzene, and methylene chloride was monitored. Exhaled breath was sampled and analyzed before and after each specific job task, which ranged from 15 min to 8 hours in duration. In both field studies several volunteers had posttask breath levels higher than pretask levels. The greatest increase corresponded to 573 ppb for methylene chloride and 60 ppb for toluene. Compared with breath analysis, the chemical dosimeters underpredicted the dosimetry, particularly for longer sampling intervals when the volume of air sampled may have diluted exposures. The results of the field studies illustrate the utility of monitoring workers for exposures throughout the day, particularly when job-specific tasks may indicate a potential for exposure.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

Human melanocytic naevi. II. Depth of dermal protrusion: comparative measurements of the basement membrane zone and diameters of intracellular microfibrils using a microcomputer analysis system.

Thirteen acquired melanocytic naevi and five control skin biopsies were taken and fixed for observation both in the light and electron microscope. The thickness of the basement membrane, the distance of the naevus protrusion into the dermis, the number of anchoring fibrils attached to the lamina densa and the diameter of intracellular filaments in the naevus cells were measured. Comparative measurements were made in the electron microscope, from micrograph negatives and from micrographs. A non dedicated microcomputer digital analysis system developed specifically from this type of analysis, was also used.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed2006

A novel two-dimensional echocardiographic image analysis system using artificial intelligence-learned pattern recognition for rapid automated ejection fraction.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to test the hypothesis that a novel 2-dimensional echocardiographic image analysis system using artificial intelligence-learned pattern recognition can rapidly and reproducibly calculate ejection fraction (EF). BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic EF by manual tracing is time consuming, and visual assessment is inherently subjective. METHODS: We studied 218 patients (72 female), including 165 with abnormal left ventricular (LV) function. Auto EF incorporated a database trained on >10,000 human EF tracings to automatically locate and track the LV endocardium from routine grayscale digital cineloops and calculate EF in 15 s. Auto EF results were independently compared with manually traced biplane Simpson's rule, visual EF, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset. RESULTS: Auto EF was possible in 200 (92%) of consecutive patients, of which 77% were completely automated and 23% required manual editing. Auto EF correlated well with manual EF (r = 0.98; 6% limits of agreement) and required less time per patient (48 +/- 26 s vs. 102 +/- 21 s; p < 0.01). Auto EF correlated well with visual EF by expert readers (r = 0.96; p < 0.001), but interobserver variability was greater (3.4 +/- 2.9% vs. 9.8 +/- 5.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Visual EF was less accurate by novice readers (r = 0.82; 19% limits of agreement) and improved with trainee-operated Auto EF (r = 0.96; 7% limits of agreement). Auto EF also correlated with MRI EF (n = 21) (r = 0.95; 12% limits of agreement), but underestimated absolute volumes (r = 0.95; bias of -36 +/- 27 ml overall). CONCLUSIONS: Auto EF can automatically calculate EF similarly to results by manual biplane Simpson's rule and MRI, with less variability than visual EF, and has clinical potential.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Integration of a wet analysis system on a glass chip: determination of Co(ii) as 2-nitroso-1-naphthol chelates by solvent extraction and thermal lens microscopy.

The integration of a wet analysis system on a glass chip was demonstrated and determination of Co(II) was performed using this system. The Co(II) was extracted into m-xylene from aqueous solution as 2-nitroso-1-naphthol chelates, and colorimetric determination of the m-xylene phase was applied by a thermal lens microscope. The integration of the chemical operation procedures shown here leads to a considerable reduction in analyzing time. The time for extraction in the integrated system, 10 min, was about tenfold shorter than a conventional system using a separatory funnel and mechanical shaker. Moreover, troublesome operations such as phase separation necessary for the conventional system could be omitted. The determination of Co(II) in the range 2 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-8) M, which was estimated to be 0.072-1.44 zmol, was achieved.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Quantification of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity using a computerized image analysis system.

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been accepted as a marker for identification of osteoclasts. A method is reported here for quantitating TRAP using an image analysis system. The amount of the enzyme specific to osteoclasts can be used to differentiate osteoclasts from other cells capable of TRAP expression. TRAP expression characteristic of the osteoclast was compared with that of multi-nucleated giant cells (MNGC)s recruited to the site of subcutaneously implanted mineralized bone matrix. Two weeks post-implantation, the pellets were removed and processed for the demonstration of TRAP along with rat proximal tibiae. A large amount of TRAP was consistently expressed by the in situ osteoclasts. The MNGCs associated with the mineralized bone implants expressed little if any TRAP reaction product. Using this system, the amount of TRAP reaction product or any other enzyme reaction product expressed can be objectively and reproducibly quantitated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

A new image analysis system for biological dosimetry by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Step 1: metaphase finder and automatic metaphase acquisition validation.

Because of the large number of cells to be analyzed in cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, an automated imaging system is desirable for scoring both translocations and dicentrics. This system should include three essential steps: automatic metaphase finding, automatic image capture at high magnification, and, finally, optimized data analysis for aberration interpretation. We evaluated a new image analysis system (CYTOGEN, IMSTAR, France) and found that its metaphase finder saved time, as much as quadrupling the speed of scoring chromosomal aberrations. Automatic metaphase selection did not appear to induce bias. We confirmed the equivalence of observing aberrations on a screen after automatic image capture and direct observation under a microscope. This work validated all of the steps necessary for obtaining images for automatic chromosomal aberration detection. The protocols for the detection of translocations may now be applied for biological dosimetry. This step will be validated in a future study.

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2004

A video-based movement analysis system to quantify behavioral stress responses of fish.

Behavioral alterations can be measured as endpoints for sublethal toxicity, and serve as a tool for environmental risk assessment and analysis of toxicological impact. Numerous technical and biological factors have made sublethal effects on fish behavior difficult to quantify. In order to investigate stress- and contaminant-induced behavioral alterations, a video analysis system was designed by our laboratory. With this system up to 12 fish may be individually housed in 20 L exposure arenas and automatically videotaped at multiple and discrete intervals during an experimental period. Analog video data can then digitized, converted into x,y coordinates, and finally transformed into relevant behavioral endpoints using software designed for tracking fish movement combined with specific algorithms. These endpoints include velocity, total distance traveled, angular change, percent movement, space utilization, and fractal dimension (path complexity). Data from fish exposed to a reference toxicant, MS222, and simulation experiments, are presented to exemplify alterations in fish behavior associated with exposure, and accuracy and precision, respectively. The system provides flexibility to analyze any observed movement behavior, is remotely controlled, and can be transportable. These movement analyses can be used to identify characteristic behavioral responses to a variety of environmentally-relevant stressors, and assist in risk assessment and the development of more sensitive lowest observable effect level and no observable effect level for sentinel species.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[A novel light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detector for micro-scale flow analysis system].

A compact light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detector based on collinear scheme is described. The detector was assembled by all-solid-state optical-electronic components and easily coupled with micro-scale flow analysis system by on-column detection mode. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and FITC-labeled amino acids were used as test analytes to evaluate the detector performance by capillary electrophoresis and flow injection analysis techniques. The concentration limit of detection was 10(-8) mol x L(-1) for FITC-labeled phenylalanine at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3 (on-column, 0.05 mm i.d.). The system exhibited a good linear response in the range of 1 x 10(-7) -2 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) (r2 = 0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6 repetitive injections on peak heights is less than 3%.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of lymphocyte immunophenotypes obtained simultaneously from two different data acquisition and analysis systems on the same flow cytometer.

Immunophenotyping of different lymphocyte populations was carried out in parallel on 113 consecutively received specimens of human peripheral blood using 2 different data acquisition and analysis systems (EPICS C and 4Cyte-Acmecyte) on the same flow cytometer (EPICS C). The phenotypes analyzed were CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ CD56+ CD16+ CD3-, TCR-gamma delta+ CD8-, and TCR-gamma delta+ CD8+. Both HIV- and HIV+ specimens were used for this study, including some with CD4 levels as low as 2% of all lymphocytes. Despite differences in gating procedures and shapes of bitmap (rectilinear vs. "amorphous"), the 2 methods agreed to within 2% positive cells in 97% of the cases. Although some statistically significant biases in the methods were observed, these were small and not biologically important. We conclude that both methods of data acquisition and analysis, as employed by experienced operators on the EPICS C flow cytometer, gave essentially equivalent results for lymphocyte sub-populations in peripheral blood preparations.

Electronic Data Processing↗