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PubMed1992

Tissue suction of the male and female breast.

Liposuction has been used either alone or combined with resection for the correction of male and female breast deformities. The majority of the 32 patients in our study were treated for gynecomastia (69%). Other indications were Madelung's disease, gender dysphoria, asymmetry, hypertrophy, postburn and postreconstruction deformities. In 54% of the gynecomastia cases, suction alone gave a satisfactory result. In all but one male patient suction permitted us to avoid incisions other than periareolar incisions. Thirteen aspirates from gynecomastias and three glands resected secondarily after suction were examined histologically. All aspirates included glandular tissue. We conclude that breast tissue is accessible to the suction cannula, and that this is a valuable tool for correcting gynecomastia and for use in many aesthetic procedures on female patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Combined head-up tilt and lower body suction: a test of orthostatic tolerance.

A combined tilt-table and lower body suction chamber to provide a progressive test of orthostatic tolerance which avoided the use of drugs and had a defined end point even in most asymptomatic subjects has been constructed and evaluated. An air-tight cover, sealed to a tilt-table and to the subject at the level of the iliac crest, was used to study the responses to: head-up tilting for 20 min, then tilting plus lower body suction at -20 and -40 mmHg for 10 min at each. Blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were measured noninvasively and orthostatic tolerance was assessed as the time to imminent onset of syncope. All subjects tolerated tilt alone but 84% developed signs and symptoms of presyncope during the suction. Younger women had a lower orthostatic tolerance than other groups. Values of the variables measured during tilting alone did not correlate with the measured orthostatic tolerance, but during the suction subjects who developed early syncope showed larger decreases in cardiac output and smaller maximal heart rates than the more resistant subjects. The test is repeatable and is likely to be of value in the assessment of orthostatic tolerance in patients and for evaluating the effects of various interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tracheal suction in meconium aspiration.

We performed a retrospective study of the morbidity and mortality rates of 125 infants, born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and admitted to the newborn intensive-care unit for observation. A comparison was made of maternal age, history of toxemia, type of anesthesia, duration of analgesia, presence of cord complications, abnormalities of fetal heart rate, duration of meconium staining, birth weight, gestational age, 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, and type of resuscitation between infants who were symptomatic or asymptomatic in the unit. Forty-three developed respiratory distress (symptomatic) and eight died; 82 were asymptomatic. The only difference between the two groups was a history of immediate tracheal suction in the delivery room. Of 97 infants receiving immediate tracheal suction, 27 became symptomatic and one died--an infant with Down's syndrome and endocardial cushion defect. On the other hand, of 28 infants who did not receive immediate tracheal suction, 16 became symptomatic and seven died of massive meconium aspiration pneumonitis (P less than 0.001). We concluded that in infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid, immediate tracheal suction is a safe procedure that significantly lowers the morbidity and mortality rates and produces no further respiratory depression of the infant.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed2006

Muscle function and power output during suction feeding in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.

Muscle power output is thought to limit suction feeding performance, yet muscle power output during suction feeding has never been directly measured. In this study, epaxial activation and strain, hyoid depression, and intra-oral pressure were simultaneously measured during suction feeding in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A mechanical model of muscle force transmission between the neurocranium and oral cavity was used to estimate muscle stress, work, and power. The epaxials shortened from rest an average of 9% of their length, with the highest efforts producing greater than 20% strain. Onset of shortening was simultaneous with or shortly after (< 10 ms) onset of activation. Maximal net power for individual fish ranged from 17 to 137 W kg(-1). Muscle power was significantly correlated with rectified EMG area (r = 0.80; p < 0.0001). The power required for cranial expansion was significantly correlated with epaxial power (r = 0.81; p < 0.0001), and the power exponent of this relationship ( approximately 1 for 3 of the 4 fish) implies that epaxial power accounts for most of the power of cranial expansion. The limitations imposed by the kinematic requirements and loading environment of suction feeding (short delay between activation and strain, maximal stress occurring after shortening, operation at lengths shorter than resting length) may prevent maximal muscular power production.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Relationship between platelet count and cardiotomy suction return.

A simple, inexpensive, accurate method of measuring the amount of blood returned by the cardiotomy suction system was devised and calibrated. Preoperative and postoperative platelet counts were obtained in 76 patients with congenital heart disease in whom the amount of cardiotomy suction return was measured. The mean percentage of total perfusate returned by the cardiotomy suction system was 8.9%. Both postoperative platelet count and the percentage change between preoperative and postoperative platelet counts correlated with the amount of blood returned by the cardiotomy suction system, time on bypass, and the percentage of total perfusate aspirated by the system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Outcomes of suction curettage and mifepristone abortion in the United States. A prospective comparison study.

A prospective, nonconcurrent cohort analysis of 178 mifepristone/misoprostol and 199 suction curettage abortion subjects, ages > or = 18 years, with intrauterine pregnancies < or = 63 days estimated gestational age, was conducted to compare the outcomes of suction curettage abortion to those of medical abortion. The medical abortion subjects received 600 mg of mifeprisone orally, followed by 400 micrograms of oral misoprostol 2 days later. Surgical abortion subjects underwent electronic vacuum aspiration. All subjects were followed for 2 weeks or until the absence of clinical bleeding. Outcome measures included a successful abortion (complete abortion without a surgical intervention), duration of bleeding, and morbidity. Overall, 18.3% medical and 4.7% surgical patients failed their primary procedure and received an unanticipated suction curettage (RR 3.93, 95% CI 1.87, 8.29). Four mifepristone subjects required curettage for acute bleeding, nine to manage ongoing pregnancy, and five for incomplete abortion. Fourteen mifepristone and eight surgical subjects required curettage for persistent bleeding. The median time delay for therapeutic curettage was significantly longer in the medical abortion group (35 versus 8 days; Mann-Whitney U = 17.0, p = 0.008). Medical subjects experienced significantly longer bleeding (mean difference = 9.6 days, 95% CI 6.8, 12.4). No significant change in hemoglobin occurred in either group. Mifepristone patients reported significantly greater pain (77.1% vs 10.5%; RR 7.4, 95% CI 4.7, 11.5), and nausea or vomiting (68.6% vs 0.6%; RR 117.9, 95% CI 16.7, 834.7). Women receiving mifepristone/misoprostol are more likely to require an unplanned surgical intervention than women who undergo suction curettage. They experience more discomfort with their procedure and in the follow-up interval, bleed for a longer period, and remain at risk for surgical completion curettage for several weeks.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol cervical ripening before suction evacuation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a nitric oxide donor (isosorbide mononitrate) and a prostaglandin E1 analogue (misoprostol) for cervical priming before suction termination of pregnancy. METHODS: This was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred twenty-six healthy women requesting termination of pregnancy between 9 and 12 weeks' gestation were recruited. Women were randomized into three groups: control, isosorbide mononitrate, and misoprostol. All women were given moistened intravaginal study drugs (placebo, 40 mg of isosorbide mononitrate, or 400 microg of misoprostol) 4-6 hours before suction evacuation. Side effects were assessed 3 hours after drug administration. The cervical dilatation and the cumulative force required to dilate the cervix to 8 mm were measured by a cervical tonometer before suction evacuation. Operative blood loss was measured after sieving off the products of gestation. RESULTS: There were no differences in the baseline cervical dilatation, cumulative force, and operative blood loss between the isosorbide mononitrate and placebo groups. However, women in the misoprostol group had a significantly greater cervical dilatation, required less cumulative force, and had less blood loss than women in the isosorbide mononitrate or control group. The majority (more than 80%) of women in all three groups found their cervical priming agents acceptable. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal isosorbide mononitrate was less effective than misoprostol in cervical ripening before suction termination of pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Microsatellite marker analysis of peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae, Homoptera: Aphididae) from Scottish suction traps.

The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is an important vector of plant viruses. A network of suction traps collects aerial samples of this aphid in order to monitor and help predict its spatial distribution and likely impact on virus transmission in crops. A suction trap catch is thought to be a good representation of the total aphid pool. Sensitive molecular markers have been developed that determine the genetic composition of the M. persicae population. In Scotland, UK, these were applied to field collections revealing a limited number of clones. Molecular markers are less successful when applied to specimens that have been preserved in an ethanol-based trap fluid designed to preserve morphology. An assessment of different DNA extraction and PCR techniques is presented and the most efficient are used to analyse M. persicae specimens caught in the Dundee suction trap in 2001, a year when exceptionally high numbers were caught. The results reveal that the majority of the M. persicae caught belonged to two highly insecticide resistant clones. In addition, it was possible to compare the relative frequencies of genotypes caught in the trap with those collected at insecticide treated and untreated field sites in the vicinity. These results indicate that, in addition to suction trap data, the ability to sample field sites provides valuable early warning data which have implications for pest control and virus management strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Detection of suction and regurgitation of the implantable centrifugal pump based on the motor current waveform analysis and its application to optimization of pump flow.

In this study, a detection algorithm for suction and regurgitation of the centrifugal pump during left heart bypass without relying on external flow or pressure sensors was developed and evaluated in acute studies using adult goats. The detection scheme relies on power spectral density (PSD) analysis of the motor current waveform through which the waveform deformation index (WDI) is obtained. This index is defined as the ratio of the fundamental component of the PSD to the higher PSD components, and its value increases with the deformation of the basic waveform. By assuming that the undistorted motor current waveform can be represented by a pure sine waveform, we theoretically synthesized various waveforms which have different second harmonic components. We were able to synthesize the waveform whose shape was close to the distorted motor current waveform under varying suction levels obtained in a mock loop study. From this study, we came to the conclusion that the WDI value of 0.2 can serve as a threshold level in deciding the suction and regurgitation speeds (rpm) during left heart bypass. In the study using adult goats, we were successful in minimizing both regurgitation and suction when the centrifugal pump speed was adjusted based on the WDI algorithm. The resultant bypass flow ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 L/min which was around 60% of the total flow. Further study is underway to evaluate the applicability of the WDI method in optimizing bypass pump flow.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Solo-RBT: a new instrument for rectal suction biopsies in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Preoperative histochemistry on rectal mucosal-submucosal specimens is the most important step in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and other dysganglionoses. Today, rectal mucosal-submucosal biopsy specimens are obtained by suction with the widely used tool first designed by Noblett in the late 1960s. The authors developed a new instrument, for which a patent has already been filed, for one-hand execution of rectal suction biopsies, which will make this operation easier and faster. METHODS: The authors modified the old tool but maintained the cutting method described by Noblett. The authors' innovative automatic tool (Solo-RBT) is based on the possibility of sequencing suction and cutting of the rectal mucosa just by pressing a "trigger." The trigger activates a plunger to obtain the vacuum necessary for the suction and a cutter for mucosal sampling. To perform a correct biopsy in children with different weight and in adults, Solo-RBT can be adjusted suitably to obtain automatically the vacuum required in each case. Additionally, this tool is provided with 2 different sizes of both capsules and cutters, and it can be disassembled completely for easy cleaning, maintenance, and sterilization. RESULTS: The instrument was tested clinically on 62 children (189 biopsies), and it proved to be versatile, atraumatic, and extremely handy, because it can be used by just 1 physician who only needs to press the trigger to obtain the biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Solo-RBT not only maintains the benefits (atraumatic, easy to use, rapid) and the main characteristic (cutting system) of Noblett's tool but it also improves its features and eliminates most of its disadvantages. Therefore, Solo-RBT represents a significant improvement in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and other dysganglionoses.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2003

Quantification of flow during suction feeding in bluegill sunfish.

Nearly all aquatic-feeding vertebrates use some amount of suction to capture prey items. Suction prey capture occurs by accelerating a volume of water into the mouth and taking a prey item along with it. Yet, until recently, we lacked the necessary techniques and analytical tools to quantify the flow regime generated by feeding fish. We used a new approach; Digital Particle Image Velocimetery (DPIV) to measure several attributes of the flow generated by feeding bluegill sunfish. We found that the temporal pattern of flow was notably compressed during prey capture. Flow velocity increased rapidly to its peak within 20 ms of the onset of the strike, and this peak corresponded to the time that the prey entered the mouth during capture. The rapid acceleration and deceleration of water suggests that timing is critical for the predator in positioning itself relative to the prey so that it can be drawn into the mouth along with the water. We also found that the volume of water affected by suction was spatially limited. Only rarely did we measure significant flow beyond 1.75 cm of the mouth aperture (in 20 cm fish), further emphasizing the importance of mechanisms, like locomotion, that place the fish mouth in close proximity to the prey. We found that the highest flows towards the mouth along the fish midline were generated not immediately in front of the open mouth, but approximately 0.5 cm anterior to the mouth opening. Away from the midline the peak in flow was closer to the mouth. We propose that this pattern indicates the presence of a bow wave created by the locomotor efforts of the fish. In this scheme, the bow wave acts antagonistically to the flow of water generated by suction, the net effect being to push the region of peak flow away from the open mouth. The peak was located farther from the mouth opening in strikes accompanied by faster locomotion, suggesting faster fish created larger bow waves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Small intestinal perforation and peritonitis after abdominal suction lipoplasty.

Suction lipoplasty for abdominal contouring in nonoperated patients is considered a safe procedure with a low incidence of local and systemic complications. Suction lipoplasty combined with a full abdominoplasty is, however, still controversial with a higher rate of local complications. A 56-year-old woman with a history of four laparotomies and two abdominoplasties was hospitalized with abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis after an ambulatory suction lipoplasty. During laparotomy for peritonitis the abdominal wall was found to be stiff and fibrotic, with massive adhesions to the intestine. Two small intestinal perforations caused soiling into the peritoneum. The perforated intestinal segment was resected and the postoperative history was uneventful. Both recent and former laparotomies in the lower abdomen represent a possible risk when suction lipoplasty is performed. An ultrasonographic or computed tomographic scan of the abdominal wall would identify or rule out any underlying fascial defect or hernia.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1990

Subcutaneous pseudobursa secondary to suction and surgery.

Suction lipectomy has been used throughout the regions of the body to remove vast amounts of subcutaneous fat. The blunt technique allows for a multiplicity of small (4 to 6 mm) channels to be created and the fat removed by suction with little disturbance of the overlying skin, the supporting septa, vessels, or nerves. Abdominolipectomy has been successfully performed for decades, in which large amounts of skin and subcutaneous fat are removed by sharp dissection. The undermining involved in an adbominolipectomy extending from the xiphoid to pubis and laterally to the level of the iliac crest and then supplemented by the suction technique has led to the formation, in some cases, of chronic seromas not relieved by multiple aspirations. Healing and contractions of these seromas causes a deformity of the overlying skin, because it is puckered and drawn upon itself. This results in the formation of a subcutaneous pseudobursa lined by collagen sheets but no epithelial cells. We present 9 patients who have demonstrated this phenomenon. We suggest that in the largest resections, safety is best served by waiting a period of at least 6 weeks between suction and subsequent resection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1968

Photosynthesis and transpiration of monterey pine seedlings as a function of soil water suction and soil temperature.

Rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were measured under controlled conditions of soil water suction and soil temperature. Air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and air movement were maintained constant. Rates of net photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration decreased with increasing soil water suction. The decrease in the rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration as a function of the soil temperature at low soil water suctions may be attributed to changes in the viscosity of water. At soil water suctions larger than 0.70 bars rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis may be affected in the same proportion by changes in stomatal apertures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

The determination of lipids and proteins in suction blister fluid.

The concentration of 5 different proteins in suction blister fluid and serum was determined by immunotechniques. These proteins, varying in size and molecular weight (6,600-2,300,000) were insulin, albumin, high density lipoprotein determined as apoprotein A-I, alpha 2-macroglobulin and low density lipoprotein measured as apoprotein B. The difference in the blister fluid/serum concentration ratio of the proteins was dependent on the molecular weight and followed mainly the law of diffusion. Moreover, the amounts of insulin, albumin and apoproteins A-I and B in suction blister fluid were the same as those reported in peripheral lymph. The results indicate that the sieve function of the capillary basement membrane remains intact during the formation of the suction blisters. Suction blister fluid might therefore be regarded as representative of interstitial fluid. The concentrations of 4 different lipids (cholesterol, cholesterolesters, triglycerides and phospholipids) were also determined and their blister fluid/serum concentration ratio proved to have a fairly constant value of 0.25.

Blister↗
PubMed1981

Effects of dynamic and static neck suction on muscle nerve sympathetic activity, heart rate and blood pressure in man.

1. Recordings of vasoconstrictor sympathetic activity in peroneal muscle fascicles, blood pressure, and heart rate were made in twelve subjects while stimulating carotid sinus receptors by continuous or sinusoidal (cycle durations 7.5, 15 and 30 sec) neck suction. Neural activity, quantified by counting the number of pulse synchronous sympathetic bursts (burst incidence), was correlated to the pressure sensed by carotid sinus receptors (= calculated diastolic transmural carotid pressure) and to pressure sensed by arterial baroreceptors not located in the neck (= diastolic blood pressure). 2. Sinusoidal neck suction induced rhythmical modulation of sympathetic activity which became less noticeable with increasing modulation of sympathetic activity which became less noticeable with increasing cycle duration. Static suction led to a non-significant reduction of sympathetic burst incidence. 3. With sinusoidal stimuli the amplitude of the transmural carotid pressure variations were maximal at a cycle duration of 7.5 sec and decreased successively at cycles of 15 and 30 sec. Amplitudes of induces variations in R-R intervals in the e.c.g. changed in a similar way but in contrast induced variations in diastolic blood pressure were minimal at a cycle duration of 7.5 sec and maximal at 15 sec. It is suggested that the main rate limiting factors for the blood pressure responses is the sluggishness of the peripheral vascular beds. 4. Sinusoidal neck suction always prolonged mean R-R interval. This stimulus increased mean burst incidence in subjects with few bursts at rest and decreased burst incidence in subjects with many bursts at rest. These changes of burst incidence were linearly related to the increases of R-R intervals. The findings demonstrate interindividual differences in balance between cardiac and peripheral vasoconstrictor responses to changes of baroreceptor activity. 5. It is concluded that fast changes in carotid sinus pressure effectively modulate sympathetic outflow to the muscles and thereby contribute to transient compensatory blood pressure responses. Static blood pressure control, on the other hand, probably depends more on baroreceptor control over the effector organs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Vortical and acoustical mode coupling inside a porous tube with uniform wall suction.

This paper considers the oscillatory motion of gases inside a long porous tube of the closed-open type. In particular, the focus is placed on describing an analytical solution for the internal acoustico-vortical coupling that arises in the presence of appreciable wall suction. This unsteady field is driven by longitudinal oscillatory waves that are triggered by small unavoidable fluctuations in the wall suction speed. Under the assumption of small amplitude oscillations, the time-dependent governing equations are linearized through a regular perturbation of the dependent variables. Further application of the Helmholtz vector decomposition theorem enables us to discriminate between acoustical and vortical equations. After solving the wave equation for the acoustical contribution, the boundary-driven vortical field is considered. The method of matched-asymptotic expansions is then used to obtain a closed-form solution for the unsteady momentum equation developing from flow decomposition. An exact series expansion is also derived and shown to coincide with the numerical solution for the problem. The numerically verified end results suggest that the asymptotic scheme is capable of providing a sufficiently accurate solution. This is due to the error associated with the matched-asymptotic expansion being smaller than the error introduced in the Navier-Stokes linearization. A basis for comparison is established by examining the evolution of the oscillatory field in both space and time. The corresponding boundary-layer behavior is also characterized over a range of oscillation frequencies and wall suction velocities. In general, the current solution is found to exhibit features that are consistent with the laminar theory of periodic flows. By comparison to the Sexl profile in nonporous tubes, the critically damped solution obtained here exhibits a slightly smaller overshoot and depth of penetration. These features may be attributed to the suction effect that tends to attract the shear layers closer the wall.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Tumescent suction curettage in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis: experience in 63 patients.

BACKGROUND: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a common and most distressing problem, which can be addressed by a variety of treatment modalities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of tumescent suction curettage in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS: 63 patients (39 female, 25 male; mean age 30.3 +/- 7.6 years) with axillary hyperhidrosis were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated in an outpatient setting with tumescent suction curettage of the axillary cavity, using two entry sites. The results were evaluated with the iodine-starch test after 4 weeks and after 6 months. Two years after the procedure, patient satisfaction was evaluated as 'satisfied', 'partially satisfied' or 'dissatisfied'. RESULTS: None of the patients had early postoperative complications of infection or seroma. All patients had a marked reduction of hyperhidrosis after 4 weeks, confirmed by the iodine-starch test. After 6 months, 15 patients had high sweat rates and asked for repeat surgery. Two years after the procedure, 49 patients were satisfied, 11 patients were partially satisfied and 3 patients were dissatisfied. CONCLUSION: Tumescent suction curettage is a safe and effective treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis resulting in a high level of patient satisfaction. Some patients will need repeat surgery. Suction curettage, however, should not be used as the first line of treatment in axillary hyperhidrosis.

Adult↗