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PubMed1975

Macrophage migration inhibition test in untreated syphilis.

Two modifications of macrophage migration inhibition test, one of George and Vaughan and the other one of Svejcar, were performed on a total of 78 cases of untreated syphilis at various stages. As specific antigens were used: Treponema Pallidum ultrasonate and cardiolipin. Inhibition of migration was observed in 87 percent patients with primary syphillis and in all patients with late and late congenital syphilis. After improving and standardisation of the technique of Treponema Pallidum antigen-the migration inhibition test may be recommended as a specific in vitro-test for detection of cell mediated immunity in syphilis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

An in vivo study of an antimicrobial mouth rinse on supragingival and subgingival plaque and calculus formation.

An antibiotic mouth rinse (CC10232) was used twice a day for one week in human subjects in a supervised double blind clinical and histological study. Nylon strips were placed supra and subgingivally for one week and then sectioned, stained and examined. Results showed that the rinse containing CC-10232 reduced the amount of plaque and reduced the amount of mineralization in 4 of 5 subjects.Also, no spirochetes were found in subjects who utilized this rinse.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2000

Detection of same sized 4.3 Kb extrachromosomal DNA elements in weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes and Serpulina pilosicoli of swine origin.

Agarose gel electrophoresis of total DNA from Italian strains of weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta HIS) and porcine Serpulina pilosicoli reference strain P43/6/78 showed an extrachromosomal band having the same size and migrating at 4.3 Kb. The same results were observed after agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA obtained from the supernatant fluids of the spirochaetal cultures analysed. Swine Serpulina hyodysenteriae reference strain P18A was comparatively analysed and a 6.5 Kb extrachromosomal DNA element was found, as expected. Furthermore, S. hyodysenteriae reference strain P18A differed from all the other spirochaetes tested and had a higher number of flagella (8-12) at each cell end and was strongly beta-haemolytic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of a band of extrachromosomal DNA having the same size in w beta HIS and S. pilosicoli from swine origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Spirochete periplasmic flagella and motility.

Spirochetes have a unique structure, and as a result their motility is different from that of other bacteria. They also have a special attribute: spirochetes can swim in a highly viscous, gel-like medium, such as that found in connective tissue, that inhibits the motility of most other bacteria. In spirochetes, the organelles for motility, the periplasmic flagella, reside inside the cell within the periplasmic space. A given periplasmic flagellum is attached only at one end of the cell, and depending on the species, may or may not overlap in the center of the cell with those attached at the other end. The number of periplasmic flagella varies from species to species. These structures have been shown to be directly involved in spirochete motility, and they function by rotating within the periplasmic space. The mechanics of motility also vary among the spirochetes. In Leptospira, a motility model developed several years ago has been extensively tested, and the evidence supporting this model is convincing. Borrelia burgdorferi swims differently, and a model of its motility has been recently put forward. This model is based on analyzing the motion of swimming cells, high voltage electron microscopy of fixed cells, and mutant analysis. To better understand spirochete motility on a more molecular level, the proteins and genes involved in motility are being analyzed. Spirochete periplasmic flagellar filaments are among the most complex of bacterial flagella. They are composed of the FlaA sheath proteins, and in many species, multiple FlaB core proteins. Allelic exchange mutagenesis of the genes which encode these proteins is beginning to yield important information with respect to periplasmic flagellar structure and function. Although we are at an early stage with respect to analyzing the function, organization, and regulation of many of the genes involved in spirochete motility, unique aspects have already become evident. Future studies on spirochete motility should be exciting, as only recently have complete genome sequences and tools for allelic exchange mutagenesis become available.

Borrelia burgdorferi Group↗
PubMed1975

Tropical ulcers.

We review 230 cases of tropical ulcers, includied reports of 7 cases with squamous cell carcinoma. We think the etiology may be a combination of the hot, humid environment, trauma, local infection, and malnutrition. Agressive treatment of these ulcers is advocated, to heal the wounds and to prevent malignant transformation.

Adult↗