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PubMed1984

Effect of Senokot on rat intestinal electrolyte transport. Evidence of Ca++ dependence.

The mechanism of action of Senokot, a widely used laxative, has not been established. Senokot was given orally to rats 8-14 h before intestinal water and electrolyte transport were studied. Senokot significantly decreased colonic and jejunal water absorption measured in vivo by the single-pass perfusion technique. The Senokot changes were not associated with changes in jejunal or colonic histology or adenylate cyclase activity or colonic cyclic adenosine monophosphate content. Senokot also altered active electrolyte transport in rat descending colon as measured by the Ussing chamber-voltage clamp technique. These changes consisted of an increase in short-circuit current and a decrease in active Na and Cl transport that was due to a decrease in the mucosal-to-serosal fluxes. The changes in active electrolyte transport were dependent on Ca++ in the serosal but not the mucosal bathing solution. In contrast, addition of 10(-4) M verapamil to the serosal surface did not alter the Senokot effect. In spite of a dependence on serosal Ca++, Senokot did not alter 45Ca++ entry across the colonic serosal surface. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine (10(-4) M) also did not alter the effect of Senokot on colonic Na and Cl transport. Senokot alters active colonic Na and Cl transport via a presently unknown mechanism that is dependent on serosal Ca++.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1983

[Measurement of the intestinal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin and the exchangeable potassium pool in elderly patients treated with anthraquinone glycosides].

In order to check the long-term tolerance of a laxative treatment, the authors supervised during six months a group of 14 elderly people (12 women and 2 men) with a mean age of 81.3 years suffering from long-standing constipation without any organic cause. The laxative was given in a daily dosage corresponding to 20 mg of sennosides. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) clearance and exchangeable potassium pool (PPE) were measured, at the beginning (T0), and at the end of the third (T3) and the sixth (T6) months of the study. No abnormal variation of intestinal protein loss (alpha 1-AT: T0, 6.74 +/- 3.16; T3, 2.96 +/- 1.35; T6, 4.15 +/- 1.45 ml/24 h; T0-T3; p less than 0.05, T0-T6, T3-T6: NS) and exchangeable potassium pool (PPE: T0, 19.54 +/- 2.55; T3, 20.29 +/- 3.46, T6, 23.56 +/- 4.92 mEq/kg; T0-T3, T0-T6, T3-T6: NS) was observed. In opposition to current views, all long-term laxative treatments do not necessarily induce significant intestinal protein and potassium losses.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Standardized senna in the management of constipation in the puerperium: A clinical trial.

Successful treatment of constipation in the immediate postpartum period in 93% of White patients and 96% of Coloured patients was achieved in a clinical trial of standardized senna tablets (Senokot; Reckitt & Colman). This is significantly better than the success rates of 51% and 59% achieved in White and Coloured controls treated with a placebo. Minor abdominal cramps occurred in some 13% of the patients treated with standardized senna, and in 4% of the controls given the placebo. There is no evidence to suggest that standardized senna has any effect whatsoever on a breast-fed baby if taken by the mother.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of sodium picosulfate, bisacodyl and sennoside in cultured human, rat and rabbit liver cells.

Cultured liver cells of man, rat and rabbit were exposed to sodium picosulfate using medium concentrations of 400, 800,1000,1600, or 2000 micrograms/ml, and the results were compared with findings after bisacodyl at 25, 50 or 100 micrograms/ml and sennoside at 100 or 200 micrograms/ml. Much higher concentrations of sodium picosulfate than of both comparative substances were tolerated. At the doses used, hepatocytes of rabbit were slightly more sensitive against sodium picosulfate, while effects of bisacodyl and sennoside on hepatocytes were comparable between the three species used. No substance-related deviations in leakage of LDH from liver cells into culture medium were observed. The protein content was lowered in liver cells of rabbit exposed to 1600 micrograms/ml sodium picosulfate and the human cells exposed to 100 micrograms/ml bisacodyl. An increase in spindle-shaped growth occurred only in human cells exposed to bisacodyl.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Simple, safe and effective method of intestinal cleansing without enemas].

The ideal characteristics of a method of cleansing the bowel suitable to the high resolution power of double contrast enema, are discussed. Moving from these aims, the authors tested this scheme: modified diet (no roughage and fermentable foods); in the morning one day before examination: oral administration of Sennosides A + B 150 mg; three to four hours after lunch: oral administration of MgSO4 or Na2SO4 15 g. followed by hyperhydration; no supper, no cleansing enemas; radiological examination in the following morning. --group A: preparation above described; --group B (control group): castor oil plus three cleansing enemas. The method proposed offers a higher cleansing effectiveness and better radiologic results; is much appreciated by the patients; shortens the application time of medical and paramedical staff. This simple, innocuous and efficient method is suggested as routine for those radiologic examinations needing an accurate bowel preparation, for abdominal CT and echotomography, for colonoscopy, and by some changes, for colonic surgery.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1978

Study of the comparative effectiveness of Dulcolax, Laxadine, Dorbanex, Normacen and Senokot laxatives in the bowel preparation of patients for radiological examinations.

The effectiveness of five laxatives - Dulcolax, Normacen, Laxadine, Dorbanex and Senokot in the bowel preparation of adult patients for radiological examinations has been compared. The value of using suppositories in addition to the tablets in those preparations that have tablet and suppository forms has also been assessed. The use of Dulcolax tablets plus suppository was most effective. Dulcolax, especially its suppository, was however very expensive and more frequently attended by side effects when compared with the other preparations. Normacen tablet was the second most effective and it is cheap and quite free of side effects. It is therefore given the position of first choice. Laxadine tablet plus its suppository was third best. It is cheap and free of side effects. Dorbanex was fourth best but it is rather expensive. Senokot tablet was the least effective but it is cheap and relatively free from side effects. In those laxatives with tablet and suppository forms, the use of both tablet and suppository is much more effective than the use of the tablet form alone.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of emodin, sennosides and rheum polysaccharides on free calcium in isolated rat liver cells].

The effects of emodin (EMD), sennosides (SEN) and Rheum polysaccharides (RPP) on the free calcium level in the isolated rat liver cells were studied with Ca2+ level 131.60 +/- 37.79 nmol/L in the liver cells. After adding CaCl2 (2 mmol/L) and KCl (120 mmol/L) to liver cell suspension sequentially, the free Ca2+ levels were significantly elevated compared with that of the resting status (P < 0.01). When the liver cells were pretreated with EMD (0.037 mmol/L) for 10 min, in the resting status or using the above doses of CaCl2 and KCl, the free Ca2+ levels were significantly increased compared with that of the control groups (P < 0.01). On the contrary, after administration of SEN (0.046-0.092 mmol/L) and RPP (0.1-0.2 mg/ml), the free Ca2+ levels were obviously decreased compared with that of the control groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect was dose dependent. The opposite effects of the different active ingredients of rhubarb (EMD,SEN,RPP) on the free Ca2+ levels suggested that rhubarb has many kinds of regulatory function in the liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of sennosides, rhubarb polysaccharides and emodin on the cytoplasmic free calcium in isolated rat brain cells].

Free intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels in rat brain were measured by Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator Fura-2/Am and the effects of sennoside (SEN), polysaccharides from Rheum palmatum (RPP) and emodin (EMD) were studied. Results showed that the resting [Ca2+]i level in the brain cells was 176.25 +/- 44.67 nmol.L-1 (n = 10) in Ca(2+)-free Hank's solution containing EGTA 0.5 mmol.L-1. After adding CaCl2 (2 mmol.L-1) and KCl (120 mmol.L-1) to the brain cells suspension sequentially, the free [Ca2+]i levels were obviously elevated (P < 0.01) compared with that of resting level. The brain cells were pretreated with SEN (0.07, 0.37 mmol.L-1) for 10 min. In the resting or using the above doses of CaCl2 and KCl, the [Ca2+]i were obviously decreased compared with the control groups (P < 0.01) at the same conditions. RPP dose-dependently decreased the [Ca2+]i. On the contrary, when brain cells were pretreated with EMD (0.037 mmol.L-1) for 10 min, the [Ca2+]i were obviously increased compared with the control groups (P < 0.01) at the same conditions. The results showed that EMD could not only promote the release of intracellular Ca2+ but also the influx of extracellular Ca2+. The opposite effects of the different active components of rhubarb on the [Ca2+]i levels suggest that rhubarb may have different kinds of regulatory functions on brain cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Melanosis coli].

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Adolescent↗