Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SWITZERLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in Switzerland--a comparison of a survey and official statistics].

A survey in all neonatal intensive care units in Switzerland showed that most children with a birth weight below 2000 g (identified in the birth statistics) are hospitalised in those units. Also comparison with the official neonatal mortality statistics shows that most neonatal deaths occur in these units. High agreement was found between diagnosis in hospitalised children and those recorded on death certificates. 40% of neonatal mortality in Switzerland are still due to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1986

[Seroprevalence of human Q fever in Switzerland].

In current practice, only serology, by the titration of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies, permits the diagnosis of acute or chronic Q fever. New serological techniques have also made it possible to more accurately determine the number of people in a community who have been affected by this infectious agent. We have thus been able to compare the results of 1437 specimens from the whole of Switzerland with 4009 taken in the Valais. The analysis of these sera by indirect microimmunofluorescence now shows that Q fever is much more prevalent than was generally estimated. However, these results vary greatly from one area and another, between 6.7% and 31.7% depending on the locality. Normally the lowest percentages were found in the big cities (from 9.5% to 12.2% in Berne, Geneva and Zurich) whilst the highest incidences were found in mountain regions (from 23.6% to 31.7% in the Tessin, Uri or the Valais). Regarding sex distribution, it was found that the incidence of Q fever is on average slightly lower (between 3% and 5%) in women than in men. It was also noted that the percentage of people having anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies increases with age. The high incidence of Q fever in Switzerland is also of concern because of a severe and chronic form of this infection: endocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Malaria introduced into Switzerland from 1974-1976].

In recent years there has been an increase in imported tropical diseases in Switzerland. Travellers to the tropics are often inadequately or not at all informed about the dangers and possible prophylaxis of infection. This is true for malaria, of which 207 cases covering the years 1974 to 1976 are studied. Most involved were people between 21 and 30 years old. The main infections (71%) come from African countries. Plasmodium falciparum was found somewhat more frequently than P. vivax. Only a seventh of those infected took chemoprophylaxis regularly. Very many took irregular prophylaxis, while scarcely a third ever took an antimalarial drug. All the severe cases were in this group. A review is conducted of aspects of malaria in Switzerland, a country where the disease is not endemic. However, as it can be brought in at any time from tropical areas, it must be considered in the diagnosis of various clinical pictures. As the characteristic course of the fever is rare and onset of the disease often follows later than a month after the return from the infection area, malaria is only recognized late. The diagnosis is nevertheless relatively easy if the possibility of malaria is borne in mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of malaria in Switzerland].

Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant plasmodium species in Africa south of the Sahara to a proportion of 80% and more. Two thirds of all cases of malaria in Switzerland are imported from Africa. Accordingly, malignant malaria is more frequently diagnosed in Switzerland than tertian malaria. Malignant malaria usually presents atypically, e.g. as acute gastrointestinal disease or as shock. The lethality is high. The majority of Swiss travellers are not protected effectively against malaria. A group particularly at risk are tourists of 20--30 years of age. It is suggested that travel agencies, official bodies and the medical profession should intensify public information regarding the dangers and prevention of malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Trends in and distribution of lung cancer in Switzerland].

Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in Switzerland and the distribution of this cancer by districts, linguistic regions, and occupations are described. In 1985 7.5% of male deaths were due to the disease; female lung cancer is increasing (male-female ratio of deaths 1985: 5.9;in the age-class 35-44: 1.5). From 1970 to 1980, lung cancer became more frequent in the French-speaking area than in the rest of Switzerland. The geographic distribution shows a correlation with population density (chiefly in the over 65 age group) and there were high rates in agglomerations such as Basle and in some peripheral regions. The impact of smoking and occupational/environmental factors on the distribution of lung cancer by regions and occupations is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of end-stage chronic renal failure in Switzerland].

The 31 Swiss dialysis units treating adult patients with end-stage renal failure have been surveyed. At the end of 1982, 1849 patients, i.e. 284.5/10(6) population were treated, 821 (44.4%) by center hemodialysis, 205 (11.1%) at home, 115 by self-care hemodialysis, 190 (10.2%) by CAPD and 518 (28.0%) by renal transplantation. Centers located in French-speaking Switzerland treat more patients by center hemodialysis (131.4 vs 119.7/10(6) in the German-speaking area), at home (36 vs 29.4/10(6] and by self-care hemodialysis (47 vs 9.4/10(6], while the centers located in the German-speaking area treat more patients by CAPD (33 vs 18.7/10(6] and renal transplantation (92.3 vs 44.6/10(6]. The nursing staff varies among the centers from 1.6 to 10.2 patients/nurse and is in inverse ratio to the number of patients treated per center. It is concluded that 1. in Switzerland, 284.5 patients per million population are treated for ESRF, representing one of the world's highest ratios, 2. within the same country, wide geographical differences are apparent in the choice and application of the various ESRF treatment modalities, 3. the setting-up of numerous new dialysis units seems to lead to the preferential development of center hemodialysis and to a high nursing staff requirement. Other treatment approaches are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation of measures to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland].

Policy instruments were examined to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland. The results can be summarised in two points: a) Tax increases and anti-smoking publicity (health education) are effective measures to reduce cigarette smoking. The effect is especially pronounced when both instruments are combined. b) The effect of a ban on advertising could not be examined for Switzerland due to lack of data. Results of studies abroad lead to the assumption that cigarette consumption can be influenced more by the tobacco tax and anti-smoking publicity than by a ban on advertising. This is by no means to say that such a ban would have no effect.

Advertising↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiology of acute infectious diarrhea in Switzerland (endemic diarrhea)].

Acute infectious diarrhoea and its etiology are described. Toxin-induced diarrhoea, usually caused by foodstuffs, and travellers' diarrhoea (etiologically different from endemic diarrhoea) are mentioned. The epidemiology of acute diarrhoea in adults in Switzerland, which has so far not been investigated extensively, is documented from results of our own prospective study. These results demonstrate that 30% of endemic diarrhoea cases in Switzerland are caused by Salmonella and Campylobacter and 10% by Clostridium difficile and Rotavirus. Shigella and Protozoa are rarely sole agents in endemic diarrhoea.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1984

[Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Switzerland: antibiotic sensitivity and biotyping].

208 H. influenzae (HI) strains originating from the whole of Switzerland have been analysed for capsular serotype, biotype, and susceptibility to the following antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone. Serotype b is the commonest of the encapsulated strains. Biotypes II and III (respiratory tract) and I (invasive diseases) are the biotypes most encountered. Ceftriaxone is the most active among the antibiotics tested: 0.03 microgram inhibits 100% of strains, whether penicillinase producers (PP) or not. To evaluate the rate of resistant HI in Switzerland, 1883 isolates, 206 of which originated from invasive diseases (meningitis, epiglottitis, septicemia) have been considered. The PP rate is about 4%, irrespective of the group considered. Among the isolates from the invasive diseases, 3 were resistant to chloramphenicol, and 1 to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. The value of 4% for the PP strains is not very high; however, because of its powerful antibacterial activity and its high penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, it seems reasonable to consider the use of a third generation cephalosporin, such as ceftriaxone, for the early treatment of meningitis in infants. If such a drug is indicated as a first-choice antibiotic for this meningitis it should be confined to this use only, to avoid the emergence of resistant strains.

Blood↗
PubMed1984

[Tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption of the working population in Switzerland].

In a study in Switzerland we checked the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and medicaments of 1033 women and 1260 men engaged in 44 factories in Switzerland. Cigarettes smoked 54% of the women, but only 44% of the men in the age from 20-35. No alcohol drank 10% of the feminine and 4% of the masculine employees. At the time of the study 27% of all women and 16% of all men took medicaments of any kind, but only one third of all were prescribed by a doctor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in central Switzerland in 1982. An analysis of all newborns in a geographically circumscribed region].

In assessment of the perinatal situation in Central Switzerland, all 5616 infants born in the geographically surrounding areas of the Children's Hospital Lucerne have been statistically evaluated, according to birth place, birth weight, gestational age, perinatal condition, and postnatal development. 76 infants (1.4%) were born at home, 417 births (7.5%) took place before the completed 37th gestational week. Only 5.8% of our newborns had weights below the 10th percentile according to the Winterthur percentile curves used in Switzerland. The perinatal mortality was 12.9%, the neonatal mortality 7.1%. 2/3 of the deaths concern either extremely premature babies or infants with severe congenital malformations. The recorded malformations coincide with the known incidence, with the exception of trisomy 21, which marked an incidence of 1:1400. 8% of all live-born babies (499) needed special neonatal care. Among the preterm infants, every 2nd, and among the full-term babies every 12th had to be transferred to the neonatal care unit. Most of the transferrals were due to simple disturbances of adaptation (6% of all live-borns), whereas 1% required intensive care because of severe disorders. In 50 babies (1% of all live-borns), the neonatal diagnosis allows to anticipate a reduction of the quality of life.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

[Etio-epidemiology of mouth and pharyngeal neoplasms in Switzerland].

Cancer of the upper digestive tract is very common among males in Switzerland in comparison with 19 other industrialized countries. The sex ratio is closely correlated with the mortality rates in men in these countries. Cancers of these sites are relatively more frequent among young adults than for all the other sites. After a brief review of the main risk factors the discussion focuses on tobacco and alcoholic beverages consumption. The distribution of these two risk factors and their relationship to age in a sample of 226 patients in Lausanne is discussed. If compared, the geographical variations in Switzerland of both the occurrence of the disease and the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed suggests an association. Finally, it seems likely that carcinogenic substances exist in some of the Swiss beverages. A research hypothesis related to the difference between the mutagenic properties of the beverages used by cancer patients and by controls is proposed for further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Profile of autoimmune antibodies in idiopathic hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism following radio-iodine treatment in Basedow's disease: comparison with a group of normal subjects from the female population of Switzerland].

Prevalence of thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGHA), as well as frequency of other autoantibodies (parietal cell antibodies [PZA], adrenal antibodies [NNA], islet cell antibodies [IZA], smooth muscle antibodies [SMA], mitochondrial antibodies [MitA] and antibodies to nuclear antigens [ANF]), are reported for three different female groups in Switzerland in 91 euthyroid controls (group A), in 58 patients with idiopathic hypothyroidism (group B) and in 55 patients with hypothyroidism after administration of radioactive iodine for Graves' disease (group C). Prevalence of MCHA in the three groups was 14.5%, 90%, and 72%, respectively, and TGHA were positive in 6.5%, 56%, and 28%, respectively. Simultaneous occurrence of both thyroid antibodies and their appearance in higher titers were significantly more frequent in group B than in the other two groups. Goitrous forms of idiopathic hypothyroidism show higher MCHA titers than the atrophic forms. There was no association between thyroid antibodies and the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy in group C. PZA were frequently found in groups B and C (26% and 13.6%, respectively; 4.7% in controls). The higher frequency of other autoantibodies was even more pronounced for ANF (52.1% in group B, 29.7% in group C, and 12.5% in controls). NNA and SMA were also more frequent, but not to a statistically significant degree. Two patients (both in group B) had positive islet cell antibodies. MitA were equally distributed in the three groups. These results suggest a relatively high proportion of asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis in the female population of Switzerland, with possible progression to overt hypothyroidism. Determinations of PZA and NNA are mandatory in both Graves' disease and idiopathic hypothyroidism. Cases with positive PZA must be closely monitored in view of the association with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1984

Occurrence of a cohort phenomenon in peptic ulcer mortality from Switzerland.

The present study was undertaken to examine whether the cohort phenomenon of peptic ulcer mortality is unique to the British population or whether it is a common feature of peptic ulcer disease. The occurrence of a cohort phenomenon was also found in data on peptic ulcer mortality from Switzerland. Swiss birth-cohorts born around 1870 and 1900 had been exposed to a maximum risk of dying of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and they carried this risk throughout their lives. By the time lag between both ulcer types, a common early determinant precipitating both diseases is made unlikely. The British cohort phenomenon was thought to result from high-risk birth-cohorts suffering mostly from the early phase of urbanization, World War I, and world economic crisis. This explanation, however, does not pertain to the high-risk cohorts from Switzerland. The nature of the determinants of peptic ulcer that occur early in the life of a cohort remains unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[In which operations is antibiotic prevention carried out with only a a single dose? Results of a survey among chief physicians in general surgery in German-speaking Switzerland].

We have been asking 108 surgeons in chief of the German speaking part of Switzerland in what operations they are giving an antibiotic prophylaxis. We wanted to know how far the application of the single-dose concept has been entering every day's practice in Switzerland. Its value has been proven in several prospective, randomized, controlled studies. Out of 84 valid questionnaires we could see that single-dose prophylaxis has not yet come into common use, although it is not only more reasonable but also less expensive than a prolonged course. Fortunately, already 90% of the surgeons are giving an antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery and 53% in biliary tract surgery. A majority of surgeons do not yet provide antibiotic prophylaxis in gastric surgery nor in appendectomies, where the single-dose prophylaxis is effective as well.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[How widespread is Q fever in Switzerland?].

There are very few reports in the literature on mass seroepidemiological studies of the prevalence of Q fever antibodies. Those to be found are mostly concerned with focal epidemics of Q fever. Out of more than 2000 serum specimens from blood donors analyzed at random in Switzerland in 1982 for Q fever antibodies, 3.5% gave seropositive results (CBR titer at least 1:10). In selected population samples, e.g. forestry workers or vets, the prevalence was distinctly higher (7.6% and 25.7%). Contact with sheep and the consumption of unboiled and not commercially processed milk proved to be mutually independent risk factors. The foregoing findings indicate that the incidence of Q fever in Switzerland is higher than would appear from the number of cases reported to the Federal Health Department. They are discussed in view of the recent renewed interest in Q fever endocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Switzerland--a survey of patients born in 1960 to 1974.

The incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in Switzerland was calucated for patients born in 1960 to 1974. Information was obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all Pediatric Hospitals and Institutes of Pathology in Switzerland. The number of patients and the incidences of the different enzyme defects were: all cases 110 (1:13785 livebirths), 21-hydroxylase 98 (1:15472), 11 beta-hydroxylase 5 (1:303260), 3 beta-dehydrogenase 3 (1:505433). The incidence of females--which is 1:12098 for all cases and 1:13924 for 21-hydroxylase deficiency--presumably appropximates more exactly the real incidence, because of incomplete diagnosis in the male. Salt loss was observed in two thirds of patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A more reliable estimate of the incidence of CAH could be obtained by neonatal screening programs with measurement of serum-17-hydroxyprogesterone.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1982

[Multicenter study on the status of antibiotic and chemotherapy resistance in Switzerland 1979].

In 1979 a three-month multicentre study of resistance of bacteria isolated from humans and animals was carried out in Switzerland with the participation of 22 institutes and laboratories. A total of 23,852 antibiograms were evaluated concerning the following bacteria: Escherichia coi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus (indole-negative), Proteus (indole-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci (streptococci of Group D). 95.5% of the strains were isolated from human material, almost half being isolated from urine. The remaining 4.5% were obtained from animal material, more than half being isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis. Although the various institutes and laboratories did not use a uniform, standardized method, the results are closely in line with those of similar studies carried out earlier in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and the USA. No pronounced trend in the direction of increased resistance is observable.

Animals↗