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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Influence of a 5HT1 receptor agonist on gastric accommodation and initial transpyloric flow in healthy subjects.

Sumatriptan, a 5HT1 receptor agonist, inhibits antral motor activity, delays gastric emptying and relaxes the gastric fundus. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of sumatriptan on transpyloric flow and gastric accommodation during and immediately after ingestion of a liquid meal using duplex sonography. Ten healthy subjects were investigated twice on separate days. In random order either sumatriptan 6 mg (Imigran 0.5 mL) or a placebo were given s.c. 15 min before ingesting 500 mL of a meat soup. The subjects were examined during the 3-min period before ingestion of the liquid meal, the 3-min spent drinking the meal and 10 min postprandially. Sumatriptan caused a significant widening of both the gastric antrum (P=0.02) and the proximal stomach (P=0.01) 10 min postprandially as compared with placebo. It caused no significant differences in time to initial gastric emptying (P=0.2), but significantly delayed commencement of peristaltic-related transpyloric flow (P=0.04). Sumatriptan had no significant effect on mean abdominal symptom scores, but after sumatriptan there was a significant negative correlation between width of postprandial antral area and postprandial nausea and between width of postprandial antral area and postprandial bloating. We therefore conclude that sumatriptan causes a postprandial dilatation of both the distal and the proximal stomach with no change in dyspeptic symptoms nor in length of time to first gastric emptying. Time to commencement of peristaltic-related emptying is delayed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous rupture of the stomach.

A patient with spontaneous rupture of the stomach, treated successfully by a proximal gastrectomy, is described. The probable cause of the rupture was the ingestion of a large meal accompanied by functional blockage of the normal gastric outlets. Only immediate surgical intervention can reduce the high mortality rate associated with this rare condition.

Aerophagy↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of electro-acupuncture of zusanli on unit discharges in the lateral hypothalamic area induced by stomach distension].

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that some unit discharges of the neurons in Feeding Centre of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) may be inhibited by distending stomach. The present study was performed to observe the effect of electro-acupuncture of "Zusanli" point on the discharge-inhibitory reaction induced by distending stomach in rats. Among 52 unit discharges observed, 36 (69.2%) showed that electro-acupuncturing "Zusanli" point abolished the inhibitory reaction induced by distending stomach. The durations of the effect range from 5 to 15 minutes. These results indicate that the somatic input from "Zusanli" plant may influence the reactivity of Feeding Centre of LHA to the activity of stomach.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adhesions induced by incisional gastropexy in 16 dogs.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ultrasonography to assess the gastropexy site for permanent adhesion in clinical cases. Two groups, each comprising eight dogs, were studied, all 16 cases undergoing decompression, anatomical repositioning of the stomach and an incisional gastropexy after gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Group 1 was set up as a prospective group in which ultrasonographic examinations were performed three times (mean three, 12 and 67 days) after surgery to evaluate the gastropexy region. The gastropexy site was assessed ultrasonographically at only one stage (mean 449 days after surgery) in the group 2 dogs. Criteria used to assess the usefulness of the ultrasonographic evaluation included the ability to identify the gastropexy site, to obtain measurements of the length and thickness of the site and to assess the ultrasonographic appearance of the different gastric wall layers. The average number of peristaltic contractions and degree of gastric filling were also evaluated. The fixation between the stomach and the abdominal wall was easily detected in all 16 cases. Ultrasonography proved to be a simple and non-invasive technique to assess the permanency of the gastropexy. The incisional gastropexy was relatively easy to perform and induced permanent adhesions in all 16 dogs, without recurrence of GDV.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1987

Endoscopic evaluation of dysphagia in the elderly.

A survey of 100 consecutive endoscopies on elderly patients with suspected obstructive dysphagia is reported. Seventy-eight patients had positive findings and one to three lesions were reported in these cases. Benign stricture of the oesophagus was the commonest finding, and led to active treatment (dilation) in most cases either with Hurst bougies or Eder dilators. Fifteen patients had upper gastro-intestinal malignancy (12 oesophagus, three stomach). All of those with oesophageal carcinoma received some form of active treatment, either in the form of radiotherapy, surgery, dilation or Celestin tube insertion. Six patients with negative endoscopies had diagnoses established by other means and in 14 no cause was identified, but in four of these symptoms settled after endoscopy. The duration of dysphagia was not particularly helpful clinically. Two thirds of 'endoscopically normal' patients had short histories with dysphagia for less than 1 year, as did half of the patients with benign stricture. Most patients who were found to be malignant had experienced dysphagia for only a short time although one patient had a 4-year history! Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy is a safe and valuable procedure in elderly patients with dysphagia and often leads to positive therapeutic intervention even in quite frail subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Acute gastric dilatation with volvulus in a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus).

Acute gastric dilatation with volvulus occurred in a 4-year-old female northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). The animal had been maintained in an outdoor exhibit at Mystic Marinelife Aquarium (Mystic, Connecticut, USA) from June 1989 to March 1994. On necropsy, we observed a 360 degrees clockwise rotation of the stomach about its mesenteric axis as viewed ventrodorsally. The stomach was markedly distended with gas, fluid, and partially digested fish. The spleen followed the rotation of the stomach 360 degrees and was enlarged and congested with twisted mesentery. This is the first reported case of acute gastric dilatation with volvulus in a pinniped.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal Wirsung gastrostomy in the surgical management of chronic pancreatitis].

UNLABELLED: The longitudinal pancreatico-jejunostomy is a commonly used procedure in the management of the chronic pancreatitis with dilated pancreatic duct (Wirsung), however the drainage of the dilated pancreatic duct is realizable with longitudinal Wirsungo-gastrostomy to. We present one clinical case of chronic pancreatitis with dilated pancreatic duct, where the pancreatic drainage was realized with an anastomosis between the dilated Wirsung duct and the posterior wall of the stomach (longitudinal Wirsungo-gastrostomy). RESULTS: One year after Wirsungo-gastrostomy (postoperative reevaluation of the patient) a general well condition without subjective accuses, ponderal increase and stabile glucidic metabolism was found. CONCLUSION: The Wirsungo-gastrostomy could represent an alternative procedure in the management of the chronic pancreatitis with dilated pancreatic duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prenatal diagnosis of fatal infantile olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia syndrome.

We report the first case of prenatal diagnosis of fatal infantile olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia syndrome, OMIM 225753. Ultrasound findings noted at 28 weeks' gestation included polyhydramnios, a small stomach bubble, a small but morphologically normal cerebellum, dilatation of the fourth ventricle, and long periods of normal fetal movement punctuated by sudden bursts of violent seizure-like activity of the fetal extremities. At birth, the child was noted to be hypertonic, myoclonic, hyper-reflexic, demonstrated poor gastrointestinal motility, and had severe apneic episodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated marked hypoplasia or atrophy of the cerebellum, pons and medulla, mild atrophy of the cerebral cortex, and mild ex vacuo venticulomegaly of the fourth, third and lateral ventricles. This child died from respiratory insufficiency at 14 days of age. The parents of this child had previously lost a child with similar clinical and anatomical findings. Prenatal sonographers should be aware of the existence of this rare syndrome and should look carefully at the size of the cerebellum in cases of polyhydramnios or when in utero 'seizure-like' activity is seen. The importance of establishing this diagnosis lies in the fact that it appears to have a very poor postnatal prognosis and is likely to be inherited as an autosomal recessive disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current trends in the surgical treatment of lesions caused by caustic ingestion].

During a twenty-six year period from 1973 to 1999 a total of 78 patients with severe esophago-gastric lesions after caustic ingestion were referred to and managed at our unit. Hydrochloric acid was the most frequently involved caustic agent and the lesions were located in the esophagus (52.6%), in the stomach (19.2%) and in both the esophagus and stomach (28.2%). Thirty-seven patients were managed by endoscopic dilation of esophageal stricture that gave permanent relief of dysphagia in 13 cases only. Twelve patients are still managed with endoscopic dilation and in another 12 we performed bypass surgery. Two perforations developed and spontaneously sealed after T.P.N. for 6-8 weeks. No death occurred. Fifty-three patients were operated on in emergency or during survey period or for stenotic lesions. Surgical procedures were: in esophageal strictures a substernal esophago or pharyngocologastroplasty without esophagectomy; in esophago-gastric strictures, after an esophago-gastrectomy, an esophago or pharyngocolojejunoplasty in one or two steps; in total gastric stenosis without esophageal involvement a total gastrectomy followed by a Roux-en-Y esophago-jejunal anastomosis and in antropyloric strictures a Billroth I or II partial gastrectomy. The morbidity rate was 32% with a 5.6% mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contribution of prostanoids to gastric circulatory and metabolic actions of solcoseryl.

Solcoseryl, a deproteinized extract of calf blood has been used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, but the mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic properties remain elusive. The present study was designed to determine the effects of solcoseryl on gastric total (GBF) and mucosal (MBF) blood flow, gastric oxygen consumption (GVO2) and mucosal formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in anesthetized dogs. Soloseryl given iv or ia into the oxyntic gland area of canine stomach caused a dose-dependent increase in the GBF, MBF and GVO2, PGE2 and LTC4 contents in the ethanol-treated gastric mucosa showed a 5-12 fold increase over the values in the intact mucosa. The generation of LTC4, but not PGE2, was significantly diminished by solcoseryl. Pre-treatment with indomethacin completely prevented the effects of solcoseryl on mucosal PGE2, but not LTC4 levels, and significantly reduced its circulatory and metabolic actions on the stomach. The results of these studies indicate that solcoseryl causes dilatation of gastric arterioles and precapillary sphincters thereby improving mucosal blood flow and oxygen supply. The results also suggest that endogenous prostaglandins serve as mediators of the vascular and possibly metabolic effects of the drug on the stomach. The observed reduction by solcoseryl in gastric biosynthesis of LTC4 during mucosal injury may be an important factor in the gastroprotective and anti-ulcer effects of solcoseryl.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1980

[Peptic esophageal strictures. Dilatation with the Eder-Puestow's olives system (author's transl)].

Esophageal dilatations under topical pharyngeal anesthesia with the Eder-Puestow's metallic olives system were performed 101 times on 30 patients presenting peptic strictures. This method uses first a metallic wire introduced into the esophagus and the stomach under endoscopic control. Then, the wire allows to guide dilatating olives through very tight strictures. Functional results were excellent 28 times out of 30; two patients only required repeated dilatations because of uncomplete treatment (stenosis on esojejunal anastomosis). Finally, surgical procedure was never indicated. The use of Eder-Puestow's material together with fiberoptic esophagoscope reduces the hazard of peroral bougienage: no complication occured in our series.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Acute gastric dilatation and volvulus in a free-living polar bear.

A large, adult male polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was found dead on a barrier island north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (USA), in June 1987. There were no external signs of trauma. A twisted distended stomach, distinctive parenchymal and fascial congestion, and significant difficulty in repositioning the anterior abdominal organs, indicated that gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) was the proximate cause of death. Polar bears frequently consume large quantities of food at one time and have large stomachs that are well adapted to periodic gorging. The scarcity of food in winter and early spring, combined with voluntary fasting and protracted vigorous activity during the breeding season in late spring may have predisposed this bear to GDV. The relationship between GDV and postprandial exercise emphasizes the need for a better understanding of how the present human invasion of arctic habitats may influence polar bear activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Observations on the anatomy of the stomach and duodenum of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus.

Gastric and cranial duodenal structure of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) was examined grossly and microscopically. The stomach was arranged in a series of four compartments. The first chamber, or forestomach, was a large nonglandular sac lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. It was followed by the fundic chamber, a large, somewhat globular and entirely glandular compartment. At the entrance of the fundic chamber, a narrow cardiac gland region could be defined. The remaining mucosa of the chamber contained the proper gastric glands. A narrow, tubular connecting channel, the third distinct gastric division, was lined by mucous glands and joined the fundic chamber with the final stomach compartment, or pyloric chamber. This fourth chamber was also tubular and lined by mucous glands but was of a diameter considerably larger than the connecting channel. The stomach terminated at the pyloric sphincter which consisted of a well-developed band of circular smooth-muscle bundles effecting a division between the pyloric chamber and small intestine. The small intestine began with the duodenal ampulla, a dilated sac considerably smaller than the fundic chamber of the stomach. The mucosa of this sac contained mucous glands throughout. The ampulla led without a separating sphincter into the duodenum proper which continued the intestine in a much more narrow tubular fashion. The mucosal lining of the duodenum was composed of villi and intestinal crypts. Although their occurrence varied among whales, enteroendocrine cells were identified within the mucous glands of the cardiac region, connecting channel, pyloric chamber, and cranial duodenum. The hepatopancreatic duct entered the wall of the duodenum shortly after the termination of the duodenal ampulla and continued intramurally along the intestine before finally joining the duodenal lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hemodynamic effects of intra-arterial infusions of catecholamines on the canine gastric circulation.

The effects of intra-arterial infusions of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol upon right and left gastric blood flow were studied in anesthetized dogs. Blood flow was measured electromagnetically before and after adrenergic blockade. Infusion of epinephrine (0.05 mug Kg.(-1) min.(-1)) resulted in vasoconstriction (-50 +/- 6 ml. min.(-1)) with autoregulatory escape in the right gastric artery (RGA) and constriction (-41 +/- 8 ml. min.(-1)) followed by significant dilation (+ 56 +/- 10 ml. min.(-1)) in the left gastric artery (LGA). Alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine produced only a dilator response in both RGA and LGA to epinephrine infusion and beta adrenergic blockade resulted in a constrictor response with no autoregulatory escape. Norepinephrine infusions produced a constrictor response of similar magnitude as epinephrine but with little evidence of autoregulatory escape in either RGA and LGA. Alpha adrenergic blockade significantly attenuated this response in both circulations. Isoproterenol is a dilator in both circulations and its response is attenuated only by beta adrenergic blockade. This study demonstrates that the canine stomach has two regionally distinct circulations with the fundus and body exhibiting a greater dilator response than the antrum and pylorus.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗