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PubMed1987

Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with silicosis.

The numbers of total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with silicosis and their serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were studied to evaluate their immune status. The numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells tended to be decreased and the numbers of OKT3+ cells was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001), but that of OKIa-1+ cells was increased (p less than 0.001) in the patients. In the lymph nodes of the lung hilus, the ratio of OKT4+ cells to total lymphocytes was increased but that of OKT8+ cells to total lymphocytes was decreased. The serum levels of IgG and IgA were elevated in the patients with reduction in the numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT4+ cells in peripheral blood. The serum IgE levels in 17 of 82 patients were above 400 IU/ml. In 8 patients with serum IgE 82 patients were above 400 IU/ml. In 8 patients with serum IgE levels of more than 1,000 IU/ml, the numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells were decreased compared with those in controls. The following suggestions are proposed from the results: Increase and activation of helper T cells may be caused by the presentation of silica dust to macrophages in the lymph nodes, and these cells may then stimulate B cell proliferation and Ig production by B cells, resulting in increase in the serum Ig (IgG, IgA and IgE) level. Reduction in the number of OKT4+ cells helper/inducer T cells) in peripheral blood may be due to migration of helper T cells into the lymph nodes. These immunological events in patients with silicosis are probably due to the adjuvant effect of silica dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation of roentgen picture and lung function testing within the scope of silicosis evaluation].

The chest roentgenograms codified according to the 1980 ILO classification and the lung function tests of 100 persons with silicosis have been compared with each other. The results show that, with a higher degree of dissemination and a growing size of nodes, there is a statistically significant tendency to increasing gravity of pathological results of resistance and the arterial blood gas analysis. A correlation between the degree of dissemination and the size of nodes to other lung function parameters (vital capacity, intrathoracic gas volume) cannot be finally established. Furthermore, neither coding as category B nor the employment of the symbols em (emphysema) and tb (tuberculosis) allow conclusions to be drawn about the results of lung function tests. The poor correlation is caused on one hand by the insufficient description of the morphological parameters important for function, due to the restricted classification. On the other hand there is little correlation between chest roentgenogram and lung function, as lung function in anthracosis is essentially influenced by obstructive bronchitis, which has only a loose connection with silicosis.--Lung function must be the central point in the process of forming an opinion. Chest roentgenograms are important for clarifying the causes of pathological changes and allow a simple observation of progress.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation between average pulmonary artery pressure under rest and stress conditions in relation to the stage of silicosis].

The value of measuring the median pressure of the pulmonary artery for the prognosis of silicosis remains undebatable since the development of pulmonary heart disease has multifactorial causes and extreme interindividual variations. On the other side, during the course of silicosis disease, the increase of pressure is relatively small or even absent during years. Thus, measuring of mean pulmonary artery pressure is only required at larger intervals.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of inhalations of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide on the development of experimental silicosis].

Experiments on albino rats showed that polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO) inhalations (mol. mass 2000; 9.8 +/- 1.2 and 99 +/- 4 mg/m3 for 7 months) slowed down the course of silicosis developing with a gradual entrance and uniform distribution of dust in the lungs, but proved little effective with a one-time introduction of a large amount of "aggressive" dust because of the difficulty for the drug to reach and penetrate the sclerosed sections of the tissue. Considering low toxicity and an insignificant cumulative effect of PVNO, the electivity of its accumulation in the lungs during inhalation and marked protective action of low doses the authors hold it expedient to employ the inhalation method of administering the polymer for prevention of silicosis, while its use for curative purpose is not recommended.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

[Silicosis and scleroderma--attempt at synopsis].

Progressive systemic sclerosis obviously more frequently appears in men working under silica dust exposure than in professionally not selected groups. Moreover, silicosis and sclerosis frequently occur combined. Pathogenetic association with regard to immunologic patterns may give an explanation for this phenomenon. Sclerosis occuring in the course of silicosis ought to be included when impairment for compensation purposes is taken into consideration.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1984

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in silicosis.

Circulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) level, chest X-rays and respiratory function tests were determined in 76 male patients with silicosis. Mean serum ACE in the patients was significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (129.8 +/- 4 U/ml and 92.4 +/- 22.7 respectively), although individual values were in the normal range in about half of the patients. Enzyme levels were independent of silica dust exposure, X-ray changes, functional lung impairment, age, smoking habits, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, patients with more severe radiological changes tended to have lower ACE values. Our data confirm that serum ACE level is frequently raised in silicosis, but does not give further information in the evaluation of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Polyvinylpyridine N-oxide (Bay 3504, P-204, PVNO) in the treatment of human silicosis].

After having demonstrated the therapeutic effectiveness of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO) for experimental silicosis in numerous animal studies, and after having finalized the toxicological examinations, a tolerance test was run in a controlled clinical assay with human subjects. After having shown that PVNO infusions did not result in toxic side-effects its therapeutic effectiveness was clinically studied in two different cohorts: matched pairs studies were conducted in 8 miners (group 1) and in 20 stone-cutters (group 2). The study demonstrates the therapeutic potency of PVNO for man as well, subject to certain moderating conditions as follows: the degree of silicosis, the age of the silicotic focus and the dust-type influenced the outcome of the treatment. The minimal dose should be between 300 and 400 mg per kg bodyweight and should be given in intervals of one to two years.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Pulmonary silicosis and disseminated lupus erythematosus].

In a 59-year old sand-blaster, histologically proven silicosis was complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and focal glomerulonephritis with IgG, IgA and ClQ deposits. Nothing likely to facilitate SLE was detected by investigating the familial background, the HLA phenotype and the complement system. This type of SLE differs from drug-induced lupus-like syndromes by a high level of anti-double helix DNA antibodies and by the renal lesions observed. The connection between silicosis and SLE lies in changes in humoral immunity, i.e. polyclonal activation and production of antinuclear antibodies. A decrease in the number of suppressor T-cells may also be held responsible.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Long-term follow-up observations of the therapeutic effect of PVNO on human silicosis.

The effect of PVNO treatment on human silicosis was observed in 7 cases over a period of 9 years lasting from 1965 to 1974. The drug was given intramuscularly and by way of inhalation, respectively. The comparison of the radiographs taken before, during and 3 years after the administration of PVNO showed that during treatment the tendency of fibrotic progression was delayed in 4 cases while 2 cases were slightly progressive, and one was markedly progressive, 3 years after discontinuation of the PVNO treatment, only one case remained stable, two cases were slightly and 4 cases markedly progressive. These observations indicate that PVNO treatment may have an effect on the delay and control of silicosis progression in a portion of patients, but after discontinuation of the treatment further progression is possible.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enlargement of carotid bodies in rats with lung emphysema or silicosis.

Volume of carotid bodies was measured morphometrically in rats with experimental lung emphysema or silicosis. The mean volume of the left carotid body was 19.9 +/- (SD) 12.4 in 13 control rats, 30.7 +/- 12.5 in 9 rats with lung emphysema, and 41 +/- 18.9 . 10(6) micrometer 3 in 10 rats with lung silicosis. There was no correlation between carotid body volume and pulmonary arterial blood pressure. A good correlation was found between the volume of carotid body and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. The functional meaning of the increase of volume of carotid bodies in rats with chronic respiratory insufficiency remains unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A profile of silicosis cases who died.

Silicosis cases which had been notified by doctors and confirmed after investigations were followed up by the Industrial Health Division. Up to August 1981, a total of 313 persons were confirmed as having the disease. Of these, 59 had died. The majority of these 59 persons had had their silica exposure in the granite quarries. 13 had been exposed to "rubber powder" which contained a high percentage of free silica. 52 of those who died were male, and their average age at death was 60.87 years. This did not appear to be significantly shorter than their life expectancy of 65.1 years. But the average age of death for the 7 women was 58.86 years, which was much shorter than their life expectancy of 70 years. Many of the men died from causes unrelated to silicosis. But 6 of the 7 women had progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and they apparently died of the disease or complications arising from it.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of free radical oxidative reactions in the pathogenesis of silicosis].

Development of silicosis was accompanied by phase alterations in lipid peroxidation, manifested as a distinct increase at the early steps of the hydroperoxides content in lungs with their subsequent decrease below the normal level. The antioxidative activity of lipids, contrary to hydroperoxide content, was decreased at early steps and then it was increased 3.5-fold above the normal level. An interrelationship between the antioxidative activity and composition of phospholipids was found; content of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin was markedly increased at early steps. The correlation observed between lipid peroxidation, composition of phospholipids and the activity of the lipid-dependent enzymes suggest an importance of impairments in lipid peroxidation for pathogenesis of silicosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Long-term prognosis of pulmonary hypertension in silicosis.

Sixty patients with silicosis were examined by right heart catheterization and lung function tests during 1958-1966. In the 12-20 years follow-up the information was received of 57 patients (95%). 38 patients died (66.6%), 26 of them of the sequelae of silicosis. The death rate and the length of survival are related to mean pulmonary artery pressure, pressure gradient across pulmonary vascular bed, pulmonary vascular bed, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV). 12-year mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension at rest was 81.3%, in contrast to 40.2% in the other patients. No patient with PVR higher than 2.55 u. survived. No patients with SaO2 lower than 89% survived 10 years. Patients with VC higher than 4000 ml at the initial examination are still living. By the method of discriminating analysis 2 main factors determining the prognosis were identified: pulmonary artery pressure and FEV 1".

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Rounded atelectasis associated with silicosis.

Two cases of autopsy-proven, silicosis-associated rounded atelectasis (SARA) are reported. Clinicopathologically, SARA shows a combination of rounded atelectasis and the typical features of silicosis. Pathologically, SARA is characterised by the presence of numerous silicotic nodules deposited throughout the atelectatic lung tissue, which otherwise shows the ordinary features of rounded atelectasis. SARA may contribute to the development of massive fibrosis in silicotic lungs.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Pathologic studies on preventive and therapeutic effects of the formic mixture on experimental silicosis].

In order to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of formic mixture on experimental silicosis, 96 Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups, 1st group was taken as preventive administration (Two days before exposure to dust), 2nd group-therapeutic administration (one month after exposure to dust) and 3rd control group-model of silicosis. All above-mentioned animals were instilled intratracheally with standard quartz dust. At 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after instillation of dust, rats from each group were sacrificed and pathohistologic studies were performed on their lung tissue. The results showed that the progressive degree of silicotic fibrosis in various groups were greatly different, i. e. 3rd group was severest, 2nd group medium, and 1st group was mildest. Either the differences of grade or quantity of fibrosis in lung tissue was significant between 1st and 3rd group, P < 0.01. The difference of the grade of fibrosis between 2nd and 3rd group was also significant, P < 0.05, but that between 1st and 2nd group was insignificant. The results demonstrated that administration of formic mixture, in particular, preventive administration, could inhibit greatly the process of silicotic fibrosis, and provided a basis for clinical application of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cytokines and cytokine network in silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

The alveolar macrophage (AM) is a critically important cell playing a prominent role in lung inflammation via the production of oxygen radicals, enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites, and also a large panel of cytokines. Among interstitial lung disorders, silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are the most widespread fibrotic lung diseases. Although their pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, several lines of evidence suggest the participation of cytokines produced by AMs at least in the initiation of the alveolitis. In vitro exposure of AMs (obtained from healthy subjects) to coal dust particles triggered a significant release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6, by comparison with titanium dioxide used as a biologically inert control dust. Moreover, it appeared that coal mine dust was more aggressive than similar concentrations of pure silica, suggesting that cytokine secretion induced by coal mine dust was not exclusively related to the presence of silica but resulted from a complex interaction between the different components. In silicosis and CWP, bronchoalveolar lavage showed a large influx of mononuclear phagocytes, with an increased spontaneous production of oxidants, fibronectin, neutrophil chemotactic factor, and also of interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha. This spontaneous cytokine release was associated with an increased cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the lungs of coal miners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical analysis of 130 cases of Siberian silicosis].

One hundred thirty patients with Siberian silicosis occurring under exposure to large amounts of dust at labor in a siberian mine were analyzed for 67 clinical and 122 laboratory data. Eighty-eight of 130 patients are now alive, but 42 have already died. When they started work, 122 of the patients were under thirty years of age. The duration of work was 7 to 12 months for 17 patients, 13 to 18 for 43, and 19 to 24 for 40. Seventy-six of 99 patients were initially diagnosed with lung tuberculosis and 23 with silicosis. Almost all patients have complained of respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, sputum, and cyanosis. All of the pulmonary function tests including %VC, FEV1.0/FVC, V25/height, RV, TLC, and DLco showed abnormal values. The chest roentogenograms showed 3 of type 1, 22 of type 2, 55 of type 3, and 124 of type 4. Of 124 type-4, large opacities, 84 were type A, 28 B, and 12 C. Of 416 small opacities, 144 were type P, 191 Q, and 81 R. The complications and secondary changes that appeared with progression of the disease were lung emphysema, hilar and mediastinal lymphnode enlargement, egg shell calcification in lymphnode, and bulla or bleb.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[An unusual form of silicosis caused by exposure to a priming putty (Asplit ET)].

A case report on a 59-year-old male patient is given who had been exposed for 30 years to silica flour when mixing the primer Asplit ET. To some extent the diagnostic findings were uncommon for silicosis and rather suggested the diagnosis of a usual interstitial pneumonitis. Only transbronchial lung biopsy and histologic examination inclusive energy-dispersing x-ray microanalysis was able to prove a complicated form of silicosis.

Biopsy↗