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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Symphytoxide A, a triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Symphytum officinale.

A new triterpenoidal saponin of hederagenin named symphytoxide A has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots of Symphytum officinale and characterized on the basis of chemical investigations and spectroscopic studies as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin. The structure of this new saponin was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments including heteroCOSY, COSY-45 degrees as well as HMBC measurements and other spectroscopic techniques. The saponin exhibited hypotensive activity in anesthetized rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Triterpenoid saponins from Opilia celtidifolia.

Six saponins were isolated from leaves and stems of Opilia celtidifolia and their structures established. These saponins are described for the first time in this plant. One of them is a new saponin: 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3) beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-hederagen in.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Steroidal saponins from the bulbs of Triteleia lactea and their inhibitory activity on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

The chemical compounds in the bulbs of Triteleia lactea have been analysed as a part of our systematic study of plants of the subfamily Allioideae in Liliaceae. Thirteen steroidal saponins, seven of which appeared to be new compounds, were isolated. The structures of the new saponins were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional NMR techniques, and hydrolysis. Inhibitory activity of the isolated saponins on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was evaluated to identify new compounds with medicinal potential.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1995

Steroidal saponins from the tubers of Dichelostemma multiflorum and their inhibitory activity on cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase.

Phytochemical examination of the tubers of Dichelostemma multiflorum led to the isolation of three new steroidal saponins together with two known saponins. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral data and a few chemical transformations to be (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane- 1 beta,3 beta-diol (brisbagenin) 1-O-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O- acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside], brisgabenin 1-O-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O- [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosid e] and (22S,25S)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-o1 3-O-[O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->2)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4) -beta-D-galactopyranoside]. The known compounds were identified as desglucolanatigonin II and gitonin, with certain amounts of the corresponding C-25S isomers. Inhibitory activity of the isolated saponins and their derivatives on cAMP phosphodiesterase was evaluated to identify new compounds with medicinal potential.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1995

Dammarane saponins from Panax ginseng.

From the dried roots of Panax ginseng two new minor dammarane saponins named koryoginsenoside-R1 and -R2 were isolated, along with fourteen known saponins. On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, the structure of the new saponins were elucidated as 6-O-[trans butenoyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl dammar-24-en-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta,20(S)-tetrol and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] dammar-22-en-3 beta,12 beta, 20(S),- 25-tetrol, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Araliasaponins I-XI, triterpene saponins from the roots of Aralia decaisneana.

Seven new oleanane-type and four new ursane-type triterpene saponins, named araliasaponins I-XI were isolated from the roots of Aralia decaisneana, together with four known triterpene saponins. On the basis of the chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of these new saponins were elucidated as follows: 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D- glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D- galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D- galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]- alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L - arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid 28- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]- beta-D-glucopyranosyl ursolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1996

Steroidal saponins from Hosta longipes and their inhibitory activity on tumour promoter-induced phospholipid metabolism of HeLa cells.

Three new spirostanol saponins and two new furostanol saponins were isolated from the underground parts of Hosta longipes. Their structures were determined to be (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-2 alpha, 3 beta-diol (gitogenin) 3-O-{O-alpha-L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside}, gitogenin 3-O-{O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) -O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside-, (25R)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-ol (tigogenin) 3-O-{O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) -O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside-, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22-O-methyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta, 22 xi,26-tetrol 3-O-{O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl -(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranoside} and 26-O-beta -D-glucopyranosyl-22-O-methyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta,22 xi,26-tetrol 3-O-{O-alpha-L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl -(1-->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside}, respectively. The isolated saponins and their derivatives were examined for inhibitory activity on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbor-13-acetate-stimulated 32P-incorporation into phospholipids of HeLa cells as the primary screening test to find new antitumour-promoter compounds.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1996

Araliasaponins XII-XVIII, triterpene saponins from the roots of Aralia chinensis.

Seven new oleanane-type saponins, named araliasaponins XII-XVIII, were isolated from the roots of Aralia chinensis, together with 14 known triterpene saponins. On the basis of the chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of these new saponins were elucidated as follows: 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D -glucopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)] -beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D -xylopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-alpha-L -arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid dimethyl ester and 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D -glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D -glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl methyl ester, respectively.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1996

Steroidal saponins from fruits of Tribulus terrestris.

Further studies on the constituents of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris led to the isolation of five new steroidal saponins (terrestrosin A-E), (25R,S)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-ol-3 -O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, (25R,S)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-ol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)-[alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside, (25R,S)-5 alpha-spirostan-12-on-3 beta-ol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, hecogenin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)1-2)-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl(1-3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside and (25R,S)-5 alpha-spirostane-2 alpha, 3 beta-diol-3- O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)-beta-D- galactopyranoside, together with five known steroidal saponins, desgalactotigonin, F-gitonin, desglucolanatigonin, gitonin and tigogenin 3-O-beta-D- xylopyranosyl)1-2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl)1-3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)1-4 )- [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The structures of the new saponins were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques, and chemical reactions.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Method to denude rat aortic endothelium with saponin for phosphoinositide analysis in vascular smooth muscle.

Arterial endothelium plays an essential role in modulating vascular tone through the production of vasoactive biogenic substances. To determine the effect of endothelial cell function on vascular smooth muscle receptor-effector coupling, a simple chemical techniques was devised to denude rat aortic endothelium while receptor function was preserved. Agonist-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover (PI) and vascular contractility were studied in saponin-treated aortic rings. Uniform removal of the aortic endothelial cell layer was readily verified with the use of a modified silver stain with light microscopy. Agonist-mediated PI turnover was statistically decreased in saponin-exposed aortic rings relative to control aorta. Increased contractile sensitivity in denuded aorta was also observed with norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), and serotonin (5-HT). Thus, brief exposure to saponin is an effective chemical skinning technique that preserves vascular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dense line in cisterna of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes of the rat perfused with saponin solution.

The effect of brief perfusion of saponin solution to the membrane of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) was observed in hepatocytes at electron microscope level. The liver of rats was perfused with 1% saponin solution in 0.2m phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for 3 min. then perfused again with 4% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1m sodiumcacodylate-HCl at pH 7.4. The most striking alteration of ultrastructure of hepatocytes was the dense intracisternal line of the r-ER. That dense line often had cross striation or "ladder structure". Although its functional significance remains to be cleared, it should reflect the denature of membrane structure of r-ER as one of effects of saponin.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Separation and on-line concentration of saponins from Panax notoginseng by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

A simple, reproducible and sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for the separation and determination of 10 saponins from Panax notoginseng. Field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating micelles (FESI-RMM) was used for on-line concentration of the saponins. The effects of concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and organic modifier, the sample matrix, the injection time of water plug, the injection voltage and injection time of sample on the separation and stacking efficiency were investigated. The optimum buffer contained 10mM H3PO4, 140 mM SDS, 20% acetonitrile and 15% 2-propanol and the pH of buffer was 2.4. The sample solution was diluted with 15 mM SDS and injected for 15s with -8 kV after injection of 2s water plug. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were well separated with very high plate number (8.0 x 10(5)-1.2 x 10(6) N/m); the limits of detection of the analytes were 1.7-6.3 microg/mL. The high sensitivity permitted the determination of two minor saponins Rh1 (1.01 mg/g) and Rg2 (0.62 mg/g) in P. notoginseng, which were not determined in the literature.

Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary↗
PubMed2004

Saponins from Furcraea selloa var. marginata.

Four steroidal saponins were isolated from the leaves of Furcraea selloa var. marginata. These included one furostanol saponin, furcreafurostatin (1), and three known spirostanol saponins, furcreastatin (3), yuccaloeside C (4) and cantalasaponin-1 (5). The 22-O-methyl ether (2) of furcreafurostatin (1) was also characterized. The structures were determined by using a combination of spectroscopic techniques.

Asparagaceae↗
PubMed2006

Immunological adjuvant activities of saponin extracts from the pods of Acacia concinna.

Pods of Acacia concinna (Leguminosae) contain several saponins. In this study, four saponin fractions which were acetone fraction (AAC), aqueous fraction (WAC), hydromethanolic fraction (HAC) and methanolic fraction (MAC) were generated and their haemolytic activities and surface activities were determined in comparison with quillaja saponin (QS). There were no significant differences between the haemolytic activities of MAC and QS. However, the surface tensions of MAC was significantly lower than QS (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect and the adjuvant potential of MAC on the cellular and humoral immune response of BALB/c mice against ovalbumin were investigated. The splenocyte proliferations induced by MAC were significantly higher than QS at the concentrations of 200, 400, 800 and 1000 microg/ml (p < 0.05). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously either with OVA 20 microg alone or with OVA 20 microg combining with QS (10 microg) or MAC (10 and 40 microg). Ten days after the second immunization, concanavalin A (Con A)-, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-, and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific antibodies in serum were measured. The results suggested that MAC (40 microg) could activate T and B cells. In addition, OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 IgG2a and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were significantly enhanced by MAC (40 microg) as compared with OVA control group (p < 0.001). This finding suggested that MAC might be effect on Th1 and Th2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that MAC at a dose of 40 microg could be used as vaccine adjuvant to increase immune responses.

Acacia↗
PubMed2004

Liquid chromatographic method for determination of four active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat urine using solid-phase extraction.

Four major active saponins (ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd and notoginsenoside R1) in Panax notoginseng were determined in rat urine after oral and intravenous administration of total saponins of P. notoginseng (PNS), and the urine samples were treated with solid-phase extraction (SPE) prior to liquid chromatography. A reversed-phase liquid chromatography system with ultraviolet detection and a Zorbax SB-C18 column was used. The within-day and between-day assay coefficients of variation for the four saponins in urine were less than 7% and the recovery of this method was higher than 85%. Using this method, the excretion profile of the drug in rat urine after administration of PNS was revealed for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins.

Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Influence of purified saponin mixture from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. on phagocytic cells in Graffi-tumor bearing hamsters.

A purified saponin mixture (PSM) from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. protected significantly hamsters against the experimental Graffi myeloid tumor. The application of PSM increased the survival rates, prolonged mean survival time and the tumor growth was markedly reduced. A purified saponin mixture (PSM) of Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. was evaluated for its immunostimulating potentials on the phagocytic cells in Graffi-tumor bearing hamsters. The number, migration and phagocytic indexes of peritoneal macrophages (pMøs) and of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were evaluated in healthy and Graffi-tumor bearing hamsters (G-TBH) treated with PSM. It was established that the Graffi myeloid tumor induced suppression of the phagocytic abilities of pMøs and PMNs. The number and migration of pMøs was significantly decreased during the whole period of observation. All tested parameters-number, migration and phagocytic activities of pMøs, as well as phagocytic ability of PMNs increased significantly in healthy and G-TBH after i.p. application of the 50 mg/kg body weight PSM. The PMS extracts from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. are isolated and examined and their immunostimulating and immunorestorating impact on phagocitic cells was proven for the first time. This effect could be due to their high content of purified saponins.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Simultaneous quantification of six major active saponins of Panax notoginseng by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method.

A simple, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-UV (HPLC-UV) method has been developed for the first time to simultaneously quantify the six major active saponins of Panax notoginseng, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rg2, Rh1 and Rd. Astragaloside IV is used as the internal standard. This HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.01% formic acid in 30 min. The method provided good reproducibility and sensitivity for the quantification of six saponins with overall intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of less than 4.0% and higher than 90%, respectively. This assay is successfully applied to the determination of the six saponins in 23 notoginseng samples. The results indicated that the developed HPLC assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for P. notoginseng.

Calibration↗