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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A new transurethral resection system: operating in saline environment precludes obturator nerve reflexes.

PURPOSE: We developed a transurethral resection system comprising a uniquely designed resectoscope and high frequency wave generator. The obturator nerve is free of electrical stimulation during transurethral resection since high frequency current is delivered via a resection loop to the sheath of the resectoscope in saline irrigation. Preclinical verification of the system was performed in an animal model to ensure its efficacy and operational safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The swine bladder wall was transurethrally resected using the system in a saline environment. Results were subsequently compared with data on identical resection performed with the conventional system in sorbitol solution irrigation. Electrolyte contents were measured after resection for comparative evaluation with corresponding pre-resection data. Also, the depth of heat degeneration was measured in resected tissue. RESULTS: No additional skills were required for bladder resection performed with the new system versus the conventional system. No lower limb adductor contraction was noted except minimal creeping during resection of a site close to the urethra. There were no apparent anomalies of blood electrolytes after transurethral resection. No difference was observed in the mean depth of heat degenerated tissues compared with the conventional system. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed transurethral resection system was effective in a saline irrigated environment, which inhibited the obturator nerve reflex when applied in an animal model. This finding suggests promising potential for the system as a safe and cost-effective alternative compared with conventional transurethral resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Repeat liver resections from colorectal metastasis. Repeat Hepatic Metastases Registry.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective multiinstitutional study was performed to assess survival benefits of patients undergoing repeat liver resection for colorectal metastasis. An updated report is presented here. METHODS: The series comprised 170 patients from 20 different institutions around the world. Mean age of patients was 58 years (range, 28 to 84 years). The mean and median follow-up were 29 and 25 months, respectively. RESULTS: Three- and 5-year overall survival rates were 45% and 32%, respectively. The Dukes' stage of the primary tumor showed a 34% 5-year survival rate for those patients with negative nodes and 30% if nodes were positive (p = 0.42). The disease-free interval between liver resections showed a better outcome for those who had undergone repeated liver resections less than 1 year from the first liver resection (42% versus 23% 5-year survival rates); the difference was not significant (p = 0.58). The number of metastases found and resected at second procedures did not show significant differences in survival and was probably due to selection criteria. Anatomic resections reached a better 5-year survival rate (39%) than wedge resections (21%). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). The presence of extrahepatic disease and residual liver tumor left behind when repeat liver resection was performed were the most important prognostic variables in survival. Patients with extrahepatic disease had 19% 5-year survival rate, whereas those without disease outside the liver had 36% 5-year survival rate (p = 0.09). Patients with complete resections and those with residual liver disease after repeat resections had 36% and 17% 5-year survival rates, respectively (p = 0.01). Presence of postoperative morbidity after second liver resections did not show a significant negative impact in survival (p = 0.70). Adjuvant therapies were not widely used after liver resections and did not seem to improve prognosis of patients who were treated (39% versus 29% 5-year survival rates, p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat liver resections for colorectal metastasis is a justified approach because surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment. These procedures are relatively safe with low morbidity and mortality rates. Long-term survival (32%) can only be achieved in selected patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Hepatic resection for noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine metastases: a fifteen-year experience with ninety-six patients.

BACKGROUND: The role of liver resection for hepatic metastases from noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine (NCNN) cancers is unknown. This study examines a large, single institutional experience of hepatic resection for NCNN metastases. METHODS: Records of 96 patients who underwent liver resection for metastatic NCNN cancer from 1980 to 1995 at a single institution were reviewed. Survival after liver resection in this cohort of patients is reported, and factors predictive of survival are analyzed. RESULTS: Resection was performed for liver metastases from genitourinary primary tumors (n = 34), soft tissue primary tumors (n = 41), and metastases from other primary cancers (n = 21). Extent of liver resection included wedge (n = 32), lobectomy (n = 44), and extended hepatic lobectomy (n = 20). No operative deaths occurred. Overall survival rate after resection at 1, 3, and 5 years was 80%, 45% and 37%, respectively (median survival, 32 months), with 12 actual 5-year survivors. There was no difference in survival according to the type of liver resection, bilateral versus unilateral disease, or resection of extrahepatic disease. Disease-free interval of less than 36 months before discovery of liver metastases, curative resection, and primary tumor group (genitourinary was greater than soft tissue, which was greater than gastrointestinal) were predictors of a significantly better survival by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Primary tumor type, disease-free interval, and curative resection predict those patients who benefit from hepatic resection. Hepatic resection for patients with NCNN metastasis has value in carefully selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lung metastases of renal cell carcinoma: results of surgical resection.

OBJECTIVE: The research was designed to evaluate the results of surgical resection of renal lung metastases. METHODS: Between 1960 and 1994, 50 consecutive patients underwent resection for pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Mean age was 59 years (range: 40-78 years). Mean time between nephrectomy and pulmonary resection was 3 years (range: 0-18 years). Nineteen patients had solitary metastase, 13 multiple unilateral, and 18 bilateral. Wedge excision was performed in 28 patients, segmentectomy in 3, lobectomy in 17, sleeve lobectomy in 1, pneumonectomy in 5 and biopsy in 3. Twelve patients had repeat resection for recurrent metastases. RESULTS: The resection was complete in 45 patients. Three patients also had a complete resection of limited extra-pulmonary disease. There was one postoperative death and 3 complications. Mean follow-up was 42 months without loss of follow-up. The cause of death was always metastatic recurrent disease. Five-year survival in complete resection was 44%. Only one long survivor was observed in the case of incomplete resection in a patient who had a complete response after adjuvant immunotherapy. Five-year survival for the 12 patients with repeat resections was similar to the overall survival rate (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Resection of renal lung metastases is a safe and effective treatment. No factor influenced the 5-year survival in this series except the complete resection. Extra-pulmonary metastases does not contra-indicate pulmonary resection. In selected patients, repeat resection for recurrent disease is warranted.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2000

Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports highlighting reduced mortality rates to less than 1% after hepatic resections have evaluated the management of selected patients. The current risk of liver resection in unselected patients needs to be more clearly defined to appreciate the actual risk of new indications. STUDY DESIGN: From 1990 to 1997, 747 consecutive patients, including 16 operated in emergency, underwent hepatic resection. Resection was indicated for malignancy in 473 patients (63%). Major resections were performed in 333 patients (45%). An underlying liver disease, including cirrhosis (n = 239) and obstructive jaundice (n = 4), was present in 253 patients (35%). Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for postoperative mortality, morbidity, and transfusion after stratifying patients for the circumstance of the operation and the pathological changes of the remnant liver was performed. RESULTS: There was no intraoperative death and the overall mortality rate was 4.4%. This rate was 25% after emergency liver resection and 3.9% after elective liver resection (p < 0.001). After elective resection, mortality was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis (8.7%) or obstructive jaundice (21%) than in patients with a normal liver (1%; p < 0.001). Analysis of this subgroup of 478 patients with normal liver showed that the mortality rate was 0% in 220 patients operated for a benign disease and in 263 patients who underwent minor resections. All five deaths occurred in patients with a malignancy and resulted from extrahepatic complications. In patients with a malignancy, the only independent predictor of death was an associated extrahepatic procedure. The incidence of postoperative complications was 22% and was influenced by the American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score, extent of resection, presence of a steatosis, and an associated extrahepatic procedure. The incidence of major complications was 8% and of reoperation 3%. Perioperative blood transfusion was required in 112 of 478 (23%) and was not associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The 1% basic risk of elective liver resection on normal liver suggests that indications of resection for malignancy could be extended, unless an associated extrahepatic procedure is needed. Because of this low basic risk, future studies evaluating resection on normal liver should not consider in-hospital mortality as the only end point.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of massive vs. repeated resection leading to short bowel syndrome.

Short bowel syndrome can result from either a single massive intestinal resection or repeated lesser resections, which might have prognostic implications. The aim of this study was to compare patient populations and outcome of short bowel syndrome caused by massive and repeated resection. The records of 95 adult patients with short bowel syndrome evaluated over a 20-year period were reviewed. Massive resection was performed in 72 patients (76%) and repeated lesser resections in 23 patients (24%). Patients undergoing massive resection were more likely to be more than 70 years of age (26% vs. 9%, P <0.05). Mesenteric vascular disease was more prevalent among patients undergoing massive resection (39% vs. 9%, P <0.05), whereas Crohn's disease was less prevalent (1% vs. 35%, P <0. 05). Distribution of remnant length, presence of the ileocecal junction, and presence of a stoma were similar. Patients undergoing massive resection were more likely to require parenteral nutrition after the first year (56% vs. 23%, P <0.05). Patients with very short remnants (<60 cm) were more likely to receive parenteral nutrition after massive resection (95% vs. 60%, P <0.05). Thirty-day mortality was higher after massive resection (24% vs. 4%, P <0.05). However, those surviving 30 days had similar survival rates at 1 year and 5 years after massive and repeated resections. Patients undergoing massive vs. repeated resections are different with respect to age, underlying condition, and nutritional support needs. These factors may influence overall outcome in short bowel syndrome. The better nutritional prognosis of patients undergoing repeated resection given similar intestinal remnants may be related in part to enhanced intestinal adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Experience with laparoscopic ultrasonography for defining tumour resectability in carcinoma of the pancreatic head and periampullary region.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is currently the most widely available staging investigation for pancreatic tumours. However, the accuracy of CT for determining tumour resectability is variable and can be poor. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) is potentially a more accurate method for disease staging. The authors' experience of LUS for staging carcinoma of the pancreatic head and periampullary region is described. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with potentially resectable pancreatic tumours defined at CT underwent further investigation with LUS. Twenty-seven patients subsequently had an open laparotomy. The evaluations of tumour resectability at CT and LUS were compared with the operative findings. RESULTS: At LUS, 24 patients were considered to have resectable tumours, 21 non-resectable tumours and six patients were shown to have no pancreatic tumour mass. Twenty-two patients deemed to have a resectable tumour at LUS underwent surgery. Twenty patients were confirmed to have resectable disease and two patients had non-resectable disease. A further five patients underwent surgery. In all five the ultrasonographic diagnosis was confirmed at surgery (four patients with non-resectable disease and no pancreatic tumour in one patient). LUS prevented unnecessary extensive surgery in 53 per cent of patients. For the 22 patients who underwent surgery for potentially resectable disease, the positive predictive value of LUS for defining tumour resectability was 91 per cent. CONCLUSION: LUS is an accurate additional investigation for defining tumour resectability and directing management in patients with potentially resectable carcinoma of the pancreatic head or periampullary region.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nonanatomic hepatic resection with a pledgetted suturing technique.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Anatomic hepatic resection is dependent on the segmental infrastructure of the liver, whereas nonanatomic resection is independent of structural planes and is often fraught with excessive bleeding. The authors describe their experience with a novel technique using pledgetted suturing for extensive liver resection in patients with benign or malignant hepatic tumors. METHODS: Four children, (mean age, 24.7 +/- 12.5 months) underwent liver resection for the following hepatic lesions: hepatoblastoma, invasive Wilms' tumor, Caroli's disease, and infantile hemangioendothelioma. In the child with hepatoblastoma, the lesion was considered unresectable by segmental anatomy. A surgical technique was designed in which nonabsorbable 2-0 Teflon felt pledgetted sutures were placed through the liver parenchyma in a nonanatomic resection plane. The mattress sutures were sequentially tied until the resection plane was defined. The resection was sharply completed with a scalpel along the line of pledgetted sutures, independent of hepatic segmental anatomy. RESULTS: Complete surgical resections of the hepatic lesions were obtained in all cases. Estimated blood loss was minimal with a mean of 5.3 +/- 0.9 mL/kg. No patient received a blood transfusion as a result of the hepatic resection. There were no postoperative hepatic complications resulting from the resection. The child with hepatoblastoma had a delayed recovery, resulting in reexploration that ruled out a subphrenic abscess. CONCLUSIONS: The pledgetted suturing technique for hepatic resection is relatively bloodless, safe, easy to perform, and may enable a complete surgical resection of otherwise unresectable lesions. We advocate this technique when approaching a large hepatic lesion that would entail a difficult or incomplete anatomic resection in infants. J Pediatr Surg 36:209-212.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Tumor presence at resection boundaries and lymph-node metastasis in bronchial carcinoma patients.

A prospective study was performed analyzing the bronchial resection boundaries of 120 patients operated on for lung carcinoma. The resection boundary, maximum tumor diameter, distance between tumor and resection boundary, and lymph-node stage were analyzed by serial sections of the surgical specimens (lobes and lungs). The following results were obtained: 20/120 cases (17%) displayed microscopic tumor invasion of the resection boundary (R1 status), most frequently adenocarcinoma (21%). The R1 status was closely associated with the distance between tumor and resection boundary and postsurgical lymph-node state (pN stage): all 8 tumors excised at distance 1 mm or less from the bronchial resection boundary revealed bronchial submucous tumor growth, whereas none of the tumors located more than 20 mm from the resection boundary was found to display tumor invasion of the bronchial boundary. Curative resection was noted in all 40 tumors operated at pNO stage and in only 11 cases (69%) of tumors with distant lymph-node metastases (pN3 stage). No relationship between tumor infiltration of the resection boundary and type of resection was seen. The data indicate that a) intra-operative control of bronchial resection boundaries is necessary in all lung-carcinoma patients with central tumor localization less than 20 mm from the proposed resection boundary; b) a "safety distance" between resection boundary and tumor boundary is of specific importance in bronchial carcinoma with lymph-node metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic piecemeal resection with submucosal saline injection of large sessile colorectal polyps.

BACKGROUND: Because endoscopic en bloc resection of large, sessile colorectal polyps is technically difficult, they are usually resected piecemeal. However, piecemeal resection makes it difficult to evaluate the completeness of the resection histopathologically. In this study the efficacy of endoscopic piecemeal resection of large, sessile colorectal polyps was investigated after follow-up greater than 1 year. METHODS: We removed 56 sessile colorectal polyps 2 cm or greater in diameter in 56 patients by using an endoscopic submucosal saline injection technique. Endoscopic examinations were repeated at 3, 6, and 12 months and longer after initial endoscopic resection. If no residual tumor was found endoscopically and histologically, the patient was considered to be "cured." RESULTS: Of the 56 polyps, 14 (25%) were resected en bloc, and 42 (75%) were resected piecemeal. Of the 42 patients treated with piecemeal resection, 23 (55%) required additional endoscopic or surgical interventions. In patients followed 1 year or longer after initial treatment, the cure rate by en bloc resection was 100% (14 of 14) and that by piecemeal resection was 83% (35 of 42). Arterial bleeding occurred in 4 patients (7%) during or after endoscopic resection. In 3 of them, bleeding was stopped by endoscopic clipping, but 1 patient required emergent laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic piecemeal resection after submucosal saline injection with an intensive follow-up program is a safe and effective treatment for large, sessile colorectal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer. Options for curative resection.

Pelvic recurrence is an ominous event after curative resection of rectal cancer and is rarely amenable to re-resection by conventional methods. A method to permit a composite resection of these using the abdominal sacral approach has been described previously. This report updates that experience with resection of pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer in 28 patients. Of these, 24 were done with curative intent, and four were done for palliation (mainly for infected or fungating tumor). All patients had extensive preoperative evaluation by clinical and radiologic tests, and most patients had a long free interval period of approximately 18 months, after their primary resection. Although 47 patients had exploratory surgery, only 29 had local disease amenable to resection and four had palliative resections. About half the patients had had an abdominoperineal resection, half had had an anterior resection, and one third had had previous efforts to resect the recurrence. All but one patient had been irradiated with 3000-11,000 cGy. All but two patients (of the 24 curative efforts) required a formal abdominosacral resection (through S1-2 in 12, S2-3 in 9, and S4-5 in 1). Over half the patients also required a bladder resection. There were three operative deaths (12%); one patient had a cardiac death immediately after operation and two were septic deaths at 35 and 60 days. The survivors generally had relief of sacral root pain and good motor function; most of those previously employed could return to work. The actuarial 5-year survival rate is 25% and median survival is 36 months. Long-term survival over 48 months was recorded in five of 21 surgical survivors (23.8%). Survival in a historic comparative group of 30 patients treated for local recurrence only (mainly by radiation) was 15 months median, and at 5 years the survival rate was 3% (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, selected patients with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer may be retrieved by and returned to functional life with the composite abdominosacral resection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

The analysis of resectability and survival in pancreatic cancer patients with vascular invasion.

One of the major limitations of curative resection in patients with pancreatic cancer is local tumor extension to the mesenteric vessels. Thus, the purposes of our study were to assess the clinical value of contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer with suspicious vascular invasion and to assess the influence of curative resection on the survival of these patients. We enrolled 40 patients with pancreatic cancer who were suspected of having an involvement of the adjacent large vessels and who subsequently underwent operation with curative intent in the study. Resectability and survival were correlated with CT findings such as segment length, degree of encasement, and type and number of vessels involved. The survival rate was compared between the curative and palliative resection groups, and survival rate was compared between the resected and unresected groups. Of the 40 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 14 had curative resections and 26 had palliative resections. The probability of curative resection was higher in patients with segment lengths less than 2 cm, as compared with segment lengths more than 2 cm. However, there was no difference in survival between the two groups. There were no differences in resectability and survival according to the degree of encasement and type and number of vessels involved. There was no difference in survival between the curative and palliative resection groups. There was no difference in survival between the resected and unresected groups. A survival benefit was not achieved by curative resection in patients with pancreatic cancer with vascular invasion. Therefore, it would be better to avoid aggressive surgery in patients with pancreatic cancer with vascular invasion.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1,803 consecutive cases over the past decade.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nature of changes in the field of hepatic resectional surgery and their impact on perioperative outcome. METHODS: Demographics, extent of resection, concomitant major procedures, operative and transfusion data, complications, and hospital stay were analyzed for 1,803 consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection from December 1991 to September 2001 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Factors associated with morbidity and mortality and trends in operative and perioperative variables over the period of study were analyzed. RESULTS: Malignant disease was the most common diagnosis (1,642 patients, 91%); of these cases, metastatic colorectal cancer accounted for 62% (n = 1,021). Three hundred seventy-five resections (21%) were performed for primary hepatic or biliary cancers and 161 (9%) for benign disease. Anatomical resections were performed in 1,568 patients (87%) and included 544 extended hepatectomies, 483 hepatectomies, and 526 segmental resections. Sixty-two percent of patients had three or more segments resected, 42% had bilobar resections, and 37% had concomitant additional major procedures. The median blood loss was 600 mL and 49% of patients were transfused at any time during the index admission. Median hospital stay was 8 days, morbidity was 45%, and operative mortality was 3.1%. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in the use of parenchymal-sparing segmental resections and a decrease in the number of hepatic segments resected. In parallel with this, there was a significant decline in blood loss, the use of blood products, and hospital stay. Despite an increase in concomitant major procedures, operative mortality decreased from approximately 4% in the first 5 years of the study to 1.3% in the last 2 years, with 0 operative deaths in the last 184 consecutive cases. On multivariate analysis, the number of hepatic segments resected and operative blood loss were the only independent predictors of both perioperative morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past decade, the use of parenchymal-sparing segmental resections has increased significantly. The number of hepatic segments resected and operative blood loss were the only predictors of both perioperative morbidity and mortality, and reductions in both are largely responsible for the decrease in perioperative mortality, which has occurred despite an increase in concomitant major procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Preoperative determination of the resectability of hepatic tumors: efficacy of CT during arterial portography.

OBJECTIVE: A multiinstitutional study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of CT during arterial portography for determining the resectability of hepatic tumors. The impact of findings from CT during arterial portography on patients' treatment (i.e., surgical vs nonsurgical) was assessed. In patients considered to have resectable tumors, the accuracy of CT during arterial portography for predicting surgical findings was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was done of 404 patients from three institutions who had CT during arterial portography during the period 1985-1991 as part of preoperative staging to determine the resectability of hepatic tumors. The tumors included metastases from colorectal carcinoma in 197 patients (49%); other hepatic metastases, mostly from adenocarcinoma of the stomach, pancreas, and biliary tree in 123 (30%); and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in 84 (21%). Imaging results were correlated with results of percutaneous biopsy of at least one hepatic lesion in patients whose tumors were considered unresectable. In patients whose tumors were considered resectable, results were correlated with preoperative percutaneous biopsy (obtained in almost all cases) and pathologic examination of a surgical specimen (all cases). Although each case was considered individually, four criteria were used for resectability: (1) accessibility of all lesions to lobar or wedge resection that would yield clear margins, (2) anticipation that residual liver tissue after resection would provide sufficient function, (3) the absence of invasion of central hepatic vascular or biliary structures, and (4) the absence of extrahepatic disease. No specific restriction was made with respect to the number of hepatic lesions present. The accuracy of findings by CT during arterial portography for predicting resectability was assessed in the 146 patients who had tumors that were considered resectable on the basis of imaging findings and had surgery. RESULTS: Of 404 patients, only 146 (36%) were thought to be candidates for resection on the basis of findings from CT during arterial portography. Of these, 122 (84%) actually had resection. The 24 patients who did not have resection included 22 patients with disease understaged or overstaged by CT during arterial portography, one with true-negative findings by CT during arterial portography, and one who died during surgery. The accuracy of findings by CT during arterial portography for predicting results at surgery was 85% for all patients and 91% for the subset of patients who had primary colorectal tumors with hepatic metastases. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows that CT during arterial portography is a useful procedure for assessing the resectability of hepatic tumors. In our study, 64% of patients were spared unnecessary surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical resection of liver metastases from colo-rectal cancers.

Surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative treatment in some selected patients with colo-rectal liver metastases (LM). Unfortunately only a minority of patients are candidates for resection. Only solitary or unilobar LM that can be removed by partial liver resection, are considered to be resectable. The second condition for the resection of LM is that the primary cancer must be resected. The third condition for resection is that the patient must be able to undergo a major liver resection if it is necessary. Small metastases which do not exceed 5 cm, and appear on the surface of the liver can be removed by a simple wedge resection. If the tumor is larger than 5 cm, or if multiple unilobar nodules are discovered, a major liver resection becomes necessary. Hospital mortality does not exceed 5% in most published series. Five year survivals are very rare when histologically proven colo-rectal LM are left in place. After surgical resection of LM, five year survival rates are close to 25% and range from 18% to 52%. Surgical resection is of benefit to approximately one fourth of the patients, who survive five years or more, but three fourths of the patients have early recurrences. None of the studied criteria can predict which patients will benefit from surgical resection of LM. In order to try to reduce the rate of early recurrences adjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed. No positive data have yet been obtained.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Resection with preservation of the lower limb in chondrosarcoma of the pelvis].

Twenty-seven chondrosarcomata of the pelvis were treated by local resection with preservation of the limb. Twenty-two were grade I or II, and 5 were grade III or IV. Attention is drawn to the importance of tomodensitometry in assessing the extent of the tumor before operation. An en bloc resection was well wide of the tumour in 16 cases, close to the tumour in 10 cases and involved the tumour in one case. Post-operative complications were varied. There were 6 nerve paralyses after iliac resection, 3 cases of sepsis after resection of the anterior part of the pelvic ring, and 3 cases of sepsis and 2 vascular complications after peri-acetabular resections. The average follow-up was 5 years. Three had metastases and three had local recurrences, one of whom died later from pulmonary metastases. No local recuRrence was seen in cases with wide resection. The functional results were satisfactory in 6 out of 7 partial resections of the ilium and in 4 out of 5 resections of the anterior part of the pelvic ring. They were only fair after peri-acetabular resections and complete resections of the ilium. After peri-acetabular resections, the results were about the same after ilio-femoral arthrodesis or Girdlestone operations. It is not appropriate to reconstruct the pelvic ring after resection limited to the anterior part of the pelvis but it is indicated after resections of the whole of the ilium, particularly in children to avoid shortening of the limb with pelvic shift.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gastrectomy with combined resection of other organs for carcinoma of the stomach with invasion to adjacent organs: clinical efficacy in a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the stomach invading one or more adjacent organs raises serious concerns over en bloc dissection because en bloc resection has an associated high risk and such advanced carcinoma is frequently associated with incurable factors. Thus, it is important to understand the efficacy of gastrectomy combined with other organ resection and to refine the indications for en bloc dissection. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-seven patients with carcinoma of the stomach directly invading adjacent organs or structures were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the efficacy of en bloc resection. Forty-one patients underwent gastrectomy combined with resection of one or more invaded organs (combined resection group), while the other 36 patients underwent gastrectomy with palliative abrasion between the primary tumor and the invasion site (noncombined resection group). RESULTS: The five-year survival rate was 23 percent in the combined resection group and 0 percent in the noncombined resection group (p < .05). The 23 curative cases and 18 noncurative cases in the combined resection group had a survival rate of 41 percent and 0 percent, respectively (p < .05). The survival rate after a single organ resection was 29 percent, and after a multiple organ resection, 0 percent (p < .05). Cases of carcinoma invading either the pancreas or mesocolon had a slightly but not significantly better prognosis. In Borrmann type IV carcinoma there was no difference in survival between the curative and noncurative operation. Cases with P1 dissemination had a better prognosis than those of P2 and P3 dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: The best indication for an en bloc combined organ resection was an invasion limited to only one other organ, not more than N2, no incurable factor, and any type except Borrmann type IV. Additionally, an en bloc combined resection would be worth trying for any type of gastric carcinoma with not more than P1 dissemination and with no other incurable factor.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Anatomically based patellar resection criteria for total knee arthroplasty.

Thirty-six patellae were used to geometrically assess anatomically based patellar resection criteria for total knee arthroplasty. The plane of resection was defined in the coronal plane by three distinct anatomic landmarks on the undersurface of the patella: the medial and lateral edges of the quadriceps tendon insertion and the lateral edge of the patellar ligament insertion. The depth of the resection plane is defined by the anatomic landmark points approximately 1 mm posterior to the posterior aspect of the superior and inferior ligament insertions. Following resection, the resected patellae were geometrically characterized using two dimensional rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. The anatomically based patellar resection yielded a simple, consistent, and reliable method for patellar resection for total knee arthroplasty. The proportionate geometric characteristics of both the remaining anterior piece and the resected posterior piece were remarkably uniform. Following resection, the remaining patellar thickness was 65.6+/-5.3% (mean+/-SD) of the original thickness. The maximum width to height ratio of the resected surface was approximately 1:1. The thickness to diameter ratio of the resected portion of the patella was approximately 1:5. The apex of the patella was slightly off to the medial-distal quadrant from the geometric center of the resected surface. The results of this study indicate that anatomically based patellar resection criteria may help reduce the surgical variations associated with patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasties with dome-shaped prostheses.

Anthropometry↗