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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

HIV patients in the HCUP database: a study of hospital utilization and costs.

This study examines the utilization of hospital care by HIV patients in all hospitals in eight states (California, Colorado, Florida, Kansas, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina), and examines the cost of hospital care for HIV patients in six of these states (California, Colorado, Kansas, New Jersey, New York, and South Carolina). The eight states in the sample account for more than 52% of all persons living with AIDS in the United States; the six states account for 39%. The unit of observation in both studies is a hospital admission by a patient with HIV. Hospital data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), State Inpatient Database (SID), which is maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The HCUP contains hospital discharge data and is a federal/state/industry partnership to build a multistate health care data system. Using multivariate analytic techniques and data from 2000, results indicate that cost and length of a hospital stay vary significantly across states after accounting for a patient's gender, insurance type, race, age, and number of diagnoses, as well as the teaching status and ownership category of the hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of Federal Bureau of Investigation bomb-related death and injury data in the United States between 1988 and 1997.

OBJECTIVE: The study of physical injury from terrorist explosives is an increasing international area of research. However, there are few data sets to characterize the scope of injury and death from these devices. Therefore, one option is to begin evaluating statistics reported by a nontraditional public health data source, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Bomb Data Center. METHODS: We reviewed data reported by the FBI Bomb Data Center for the years 1988-1997 and analyzed the number of bomb-related deaths and injuries and incidence of bombings. RESULTS: The FBI reported 17,579 bombings, 427 related deaths, and 4,063 injuries in the United States between 1988 and 1997. The benefits of this data are reporting of information not normally found in public health data, including type of explosive device and explosive composition. The primary limitations include lack of case comparison and unknown methods of data reporting and data collection. CONCLUSION: To completely study physical injury from explosive devices requires a systematic and comprehensive data set. The FBI data provides an interesting statistical resource to assess the scope of injury from bombs in the United States, but at the current time cannot be used for extensive epidemiological analysis.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Avian influenza: are you prepared?

This article aims to assist healthcare workers to prepare, both in their professional and personal life, for a possible influenza pandemic. It identifies the medical and non-medical interventions that may be required.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2002

Improving ONS spatial referencing--the impact on 2000 births and deaths data.

This article describes the improvements in the way that ONS will be allocating births and deaths data to administrative and health areas in England and Wales, beginning with data for 2001. Births and deaths registered in 2000 are used to examine the differences in area allocations at ward, local authority and health authority levels, which this change will introduce. Differences in the geographical characteristics of births and deaths are also described.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2002

Implications of changes in the UK social and occupational classifications in 2001 for vital statistics.

In 2001, three simultaneous changes were introduced which influence the reporting of vital statistics by socio-economic status. Registrar General's Social Class was replaced by the new National Statistics Socio-Economic Status (NS SEC); the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) was updated from SOC90 to SOC2000; and the coding of employment status on vital statistics changed to stay in line with census coding and SOC2000. This article reports on these changes and describes a method for coding data prior to 2001 to NS SEC (named NS SEC90) in order to facilitate the analysis of health inequalities over time. NS SEC90 allocates 90 per cent of deaths to the same analytical category as NS SEC. This figure varies according to sub group.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

The Millennium Cohort Study.

The Millennium Cohort Study is the latest in the line of British birth cohort studies. MCS resembles its predecessors which follow people born in 1946, 1958 and 1970 in the intention to become multi-purpose longitudinal data resource charting many aspects of individual's lives over time. The families of a sample of around 20,000 babies are being interviewed during 2001-02, when eligible babies reach 9 months, to establish the conditions from which they set out in life. The survey contrasts with the previous cohort studies in various ways. Instead of taking all births in one week, the sample of births is spread over a year; the births are from a selection of electoral wards, thereby enabling eventual analysis by neighbourhood characteristics; it also over samples children living in deprived areas, wards with high ethnic minority populations and samples have been boosted in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The latter UK country has not been covered by the other studies. It interviews fathers as well as mothers, and given that its initial funding comes via the ESRC, puts a greater emphasis on socio-economic data than in early parts of the other studies. MCS has been enhanced by additional Government funding. The research team, based at the Institute of Education, aims to deposit a multi-purpose dataset for public use at the ESRC data Archive in the Spring of 2003.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2002

The Rotterdam Local Health Information System 1987-2000: from Rebus and the health barometer to the health monitor.

In this article the development of the Rotterdam Local Health Information System is sketched. Started as an offspring of the Healthy Cities Project of the WHO, the focus was very much on neighbourhoods. The data were presented by a software program, REBUS Vision. It was relatively new to gather information at the neighbourhood level, so not much consideration was given to the relative importance of data for research questions. This led to the need to condense the vast amount of data into some summary figure, the health barometer, which chose the 27 most important available neighbourhood indicators and divided these data into six groups leading to six scores in which a neighbourhood could be compared with the city mean, other neighbourhoods, or itself in time. Although REBUS Vision and the health barometer were reasonably successful, a frequently occurring criticism was that there was too much emphasis on the signalling of public health problems. This has led to the development of a health monitor that not only signals public health problems but also tries to identify determinants and to offer solutions on a health policy and promotion level.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2002

Information systems for health sector monitoring in Papua New Guinea.

This paper describes (i). how a national health information System was designed, tested and implemented in Papua New Guinea, (ii). how the system was integrated with other management information systems, and (iii). how information has been used to support decision-making. It concludes that central coordination of systems design is essential to make sure that information systems are aligned with government priorities and can deliver the information required by managers. While there is often scope for improving the performance of existing information systems, too much emphasis can be placed on revising data collection procedures and creating the perfect information system. Data analysis, even from imperfect systems, can stimulate greater interest in information, which can improve the quality and completeness of reporting and encourage a more methodical approach to planning and monitoring services. Our experience suggests that senior decision-makers and political leaders can play an important role in creating a culture of information use. By demanding health information, using it to formulate policy, and disseminating it through the channels open to them, they can exert greater influence in negotiations with donors and other government departments, encourage a more rational approach to decision-making that will improve the operation of health services, and stimulate greater use of information at lower levels of the health system. The ability of information systems to deliver these benefits is critical to their sustainability.

Decision Support Systems, Management↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-disciplinary communication needed to promote the effective use of indicators in making decisions.

This paper examines problems of assessment and decision-making that result from poor or inadequate communication of indicators among the disciplines of public health, the physical sciences, and economics. The specific examples used are drawn from climate impacts in the Americas although the issues are more general to environmental health. In terms of physical processes, problems arise in confusion about indicators at different steps along the DPSEEA framework of environmental health indicators and general scientific uncertainty about the underlying physical processes. Communication between public health and economics is hindered by a lack of understanding of economic costs used in making decisions and the presence of implicit value judgments in economic analysis. Organizational structures may further inhibit the effective use of indicators. Finally, the paper discusses the Pan American Health Organization proposal to enhance the communication of indicators by using information technology networking to support communication among program managers and decision-makers at the national and local levels. The aim of this initiative is to establish a better environment for making decisions. The problem of cholera in Peru is shown as an example of the need for better communication.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modern information technologies in environmental health surveillance. An overview and analysis.

In recent years we have witnessed the massive introduction of new information technologies that are drastically changing the face of our society. These technologies are being implemented en masse in developed countries, but also in some pockets of developing nations as well. They rely on the convergence of several technologies such as powerful and affordable computers, real-time electronic measurement and monitoring devices, massive production of digital information in different formats, and faster, wireless communication media. Such technologies are having significant impacts on every domain of application, including environmental health surveillance. The current paper provides an overview of those technologies that are having or will likely have the most significant impacts on environmental health. They include World Wide Web-based systems and applications, Database Management Systems and Universal Servers, and GIS and related technologies. The usefulness of these technologies as well as the desire to use them further in the future in the context of environmental health are discussed. Expanding the development and use of these technologies to obtain support for global environmental health will require major efforts in the areas of data access, training and support.

Decision Support Systems, Management↗
PubMed2002

[The significance of establishment of NNIS and JNIS, including the nosocomial infection surveillance].

The nosocomial infection surveillance is regarded as an important modality of nosocomial infection control. In United State the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance(NNIS) System was established in 1970 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) to create a national nosocomial infections database. The database is used to describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections, to describe antimicrobial resistance trends, and to produce nosocomial infection rates to use for comparison purposes. In Japan Japanese Nosocomial Infection Surveillance(JNIS) System was made in 1999 by the Japanese Society of Environmental Infections as a modified version of NNIS system. SSI surveillance is mainly performed using JNIS system. SSI surveillance is going to be performed under the guidance of the Ministry of Welfare and Labor.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculosis in Louisiana.

Data on tuberculosis from the Tuberculosis Information Management System in Louisiana have been analyzed. Although tuberculosis has been decreasing in recent years, it remains a public health problem in some population groups.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2002

[Medical birth registry--an essential resource in perinatal medical research].

Based on compulsory notification and operative since 1967 the Medical Birth Registry of Norway comprises all births in the country after 16 weeks gestation. The notification form is filled in by the midwife and the doctor and contains civil data on mother, father and the newborn as well as medical data on mother's health before and during the pregnancy, on the birth, including complications, and on the newborn, including birth defects and other congenital conditions. All diagnoses recorded before discharge from the hospital are included. From 1998, diagnoses recorded after transfer to a paediatric department and throughout the first year of life are notified as well. The registry data are used for epidemiological surveillance of birth defects and other perinatal health problems, for evaluation of health services and as a basis for perinatal epidemiological research; follow-up studies based on internal and external record linkage are essential.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed2002

[Cause of death registry--an important data source for medical research].

Statistics on mortality and cause of death are of crucial importance to epidemiological research. The Cause of Death Register kept by Statistics Norway is the only national register including information on cause of death for all deceased persons registered as residents in Norway at their time of death, whether death occurred in Norway or abroad. This article presents historical information and guidelines for research access to individual data on cause of death.

Cause of Death↗