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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Circadian rhythms of plasma cortisol in migraine.

Diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol, of psychological state, and of pain was measured for two days in 25 migraine patients and eight control subjects. Fourteen of the migraine patients and none of the controls displayed either consistently high plasma cortisol or an occasional aberrant peak. Abnormal psychological findings, particularly depression, were found in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory only in migraine patients with abnormal plasma cortisol levels. Neither psychological abnormality nor pain seemed the single cause of elevation of plasma cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anxiety is a good indicator for somatic symptom reduction through behavioral medicine intervention in a mind/body medicine clinic.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the effect of anxiety on symptom reduction through a behavioral medicine intervention in a Mind/Body Medicine Clinic. METHOD: Participants were 1,312 outpatients attending a 10-week behavioral medicine intervention which included training in the relaxation response, cognitive restructuring, exercise and nutrition. All of the patients had physical symptoms and were referred to the clinic by their physician. The Medical Symptom Checklist (12 major symptoms), Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R), Stress Perception Scale and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile were administered before and after the program. RESULTS: Of the sample, 1,012 patients completed the program, and 911 completed the posttreatment assessment. Self-reported frequency of medical symptoms, degree of discomfort and interference with daily activities were significantly reduced as a result of the program. Anxiety and other psychological distress as measured by the SCL-90R and stress perception scales also showed significant reductions. Furthermore, health-promoting lifestyle functioning significantly improved. High levels of pretreatment anxiety predicted a decrease in the total number of medical symptoms endorsed. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral medicine interventions are effective in reducing medical symptoms coinciding with improvement in anxiety. High anxiety at program entry may predict better outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The internalising and externalising dimensions of affective symptoms in depressed (unipolar) and bipolar patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the internalising and externalising dimensions of affective states in depressed (unipolar) and bipolar patients approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark. METHOD: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital. RESULTS: In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic. CONCLUSION: Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Psychological features of women with idiopathic detrusor instability.

Psychological tests were completed by 57 incontinent women with idiopathic detrusor instability, and compared with those of 22 women with genuine stress incontinence (an anatomical disorder) and published norms. The previously reported findings of hysterical personality traits, situational stresses and sexual dysfunction in patients with detrusor instability were not confirmed. Higher scores for anxiety, neuroticism, hostility, and depression were found in patients with detrusor instability than in controls. These findings, known associations of psychosomatic disorders, lend further support to the view that idiopathic detrusor instability is a psychosomatic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prognoses about vocational achievement behavior of first admitted psychiatric patients under special consideration of the diagnoses of depressive illnesses.

In this study prognoses about the posthospital vocational achievement behavior of 55 first admitted depressive patients were made at the time of discharge. With a structured and standardized questionnaire the patients themselves, the treating physicians, and the nurses were interviewed. As a first step of analysis the prognoses of the three groups were compared with each other and tested in respect of differences. This comparison was made with other psychiatric diagnoses too, whereby endogenic depressive patients and neurotic depressive patients were discriminated. In the second step of analysis the prognoses of the three 'rater groups' were compared with the real vocational reintegration of 1 year after discharge. The result was that the prognoses of the treating physicians and the nurses were more compatible with reality than those of the patients themselves.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Influence of hereditary factors in psychogenic disorders.

As part of a research project, a sample of 50 pairs of twins (21 pairs of identical twins, 16 pairs of nonidentical twins of the same sex, and 13 pairs of male-female twins, n = 100 test persons) was examined between 1963 and 1969 and recently, 20 years later, followed up. The index twins were drawn from among the patients making use of the services of an outpatient clinic; they had been diagnosed as having psychoneurotic, character-neurotic of psychosomatic disorders. The question again looked into was that of nature versus nurture: identical twins displayed significantly higher similarity with regard to both severity of their neuroses and manifestation of neurotic symptoms than did nonidentical twins. The hereditary factor proved to be of greater import for the continuing childhood neuroses than for the subsiding childhood neuroses. Yet a certain hereditary factor effect was observed for the neuroses which first manifest themselves in adulthood. Our findings indicate that the hereditary factor is not more pronounced in childhood than in adulthood; it is equally effective in adults.

Adolescent↗