Dentin and pulp simulation in ceramic restorations.
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the colour stability of three laminate veneer materials against to tea, coffee and cigarette smoke. 72 discs prepared by using two different type composite materials and a dental porcelain were divided into groups and immersed into distilled water, tea, Turkish coffee solutions. The last group was exposed to cigarette smoke. Colour differences were measured by colorimeter at the beginning and then in the period of 1 day, 1 week and 1 month respectively. As a result, it was found that cigarette smoke was the most staining agent, porcelain material was the most colour stable material, and indirect composite material was more colour stable than the direct one.
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When a provisional is to be worn for an extended period of time, the laboratory-processed provisional may be indicated because of its strength, wear-resistance and resistance to discoloration. A large selection of shades are available, resulting in better esthetics. The incisal blend gives the provisional a translucent effect. Office visits for repairs and maintenance will be minimized. If the patient has confidence after the provisional visit, he or she will have equal confidence in the final restoration. The only difference between the two should be the materials used.
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Composite resins can restore teeth to natural appearance and function while conserving tooth structure. Adhesive technology has revolutionized tooth preparation, allowing minimum tooth removal without large retentive undercuts. Today's dental adhesives have strong bond strengths, bonding to both dentin and enamel. Many are available with fewer components, simplifying application. Composites are available in a large variety of shades in both microhybrids and microfills. Microhybrids are used in areas that need strength, whereas microfills are used in regions that require high surface gloss or decreased stiffness. Composites should be placed to natural form and shades before curing; finishing primarily involves polishing using silicone abrasives. Composites can be used to restore incisal edges, close diastemas, veneer facial surfaces, and repair defects, making teeth appear natural.
In the search for the ultimate esthetic restorative material, many new all-ceramic systems have been introduced to the market. One such system, In-Ceram, is primarily crystalline in nature, whereas all other forms of ceramics used in dentistry consist primarily of a glass matrix with a crystalline phase as a filler. In-Cream can be used to make all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial denture frameworks. Three forms of In-Ceram, based on alumina, spinal (a mixture of alumina and magnesia), or zirconia, make it possible to fabricate frameworks of various translucencies by using different processing techniques. This article discusses clinical indications and contraindications for the use of In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Spinell all-ceramic restorations. Particular attention is given to cement considerations using several clinical examples.
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There are a host of contemporary all-ceramic systems available today, as well as improved techniques for metal-ceramic restorations. Perhaps the most important factor in achieving predictable success with these restorations is excellent soft tissue management. Metal-ceramic restorations provide the most predictable service in terms of clinical longevity, versatility and prevention of wear to the opposing dentition.
Bonded porcelain veneers can provide successful esthetic and functional long-term service for patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the authors' clinical experiences with veneers over the past decade and to outline the procedures required to achieve predictable success with this conservative esthetic restorative modality. It is hoped that the authors' experiences and those of others will encourage practitioners to consider more routine use of this type of restoration in many of their more complex reconstructive cases.