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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of contingent music to increase non-nutritive sucking of premature infants.

This study assessed music as reinforcement for non-nutritive sucking of 12 premature infants born at an average gestation of 29.3 weeks and an average birthweight of 1111.9 g. At the time of the study, the infants' average post conception age was 35.5 weeks, and their average weight was 1747.3 g. A pacifier was fitted with a pressure transducer so that a sufficient suck activated frequency and duration signals as well as 10 seconds of recorded music consisting of lullabies sung by female vocalists. A 14-minute ABAB study design included a silence baseline for 2 minutes, 5 minutes of contingent music, 2 minutes of silence, and 5 minutes of contingent music. Frequency data were recorded for each 5-second interval in which the duration light was activated for at least 3 seconds. Results demonstrated that sucking rates during the periods of contingent music were 2.43 times greater than baseline (silence) sucking rates. In this study, music contributed significantly to the development of non-nutritive sucking of premature infants.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2002

[Significance of bad habits in orthodontics].

The author is concerned with the etiological role of bad habits in the development. Disturbances caused by pacifier habits, finger sucking, various forms of swallowing habits and their therapeutical possibilities are discussed. The role of mouth breathing, nail biting, bruxism and self-mutilation in development of anomalies and their therapy are also mentioned. The attention is called to the fact that dentists have responsibility and task to diagnose as early as can be the oral bad habits and that the adequate therapy in time in co-operation with other specialists helping the child get out of bad habits, preventing the development of severe anomaly.

Bruxism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non-nutritious sucking in preterm babies: bibliographic study].

UNLABELLED: This is a bibliographic study on non-nutritive sucking in pre-term infants. OBJECTIVES: To characterize and analyze the scientific production on non-nutritive sucking in pre-term infants and identify how the transition from gastric to oral feeding takes place as well as how it begins and develops by considering the stimulation of non-nutritive sucking. METHODOLOGY: Review of secondary sources (MEDLINE and LILACS). RESULTS: Pre-term infants presented a stable clinical condition, without cardiorespiratory, neurological or gastro-intestinal alterations. Gestational age varied from 30 to 35 weeks and the weight from 1,400 to 1,800 g. The stimulus for non-nutritive sucking used was a pacifier or bottle nipple. The time and frequency of stimulus application varied. As a result of the stimulation programs, there were early hospital discharges and greater weight gain. Literature on this subject, particularly that of national authorship, is scarce and the articles do not address a detailed description of the transition from gastric to oral feeding, thus leaving a gap that deserves to be further studied.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2003

[Breastfeeding. Conditioning factors].

OBJECTIVES: To know the prevalence of maternal breastfeeding over distinctive ages of a child's life, in our ward, and to analyze the factors which bear an influence on its start, duration and stop. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our study, we included 549 newborns who were born in and released in good health from the Palamos Hospital between March 1999 and March 2000. We carried out telephone surveys upon release from the hospital and at ages of one, three and six months. We compiled 82 variable which we processed and analyzed on Microsoft Excel. We defined the value p < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: 90.71% of newborns breastfed upon hospital release, 78.4% at one month, 58.28% at three months, and 32.8% at six months; of the latter, 53.6% belonged to immigrant families and 29.3% to European families. 54.43% of mothers from the European families studied attended Maternal Education. 83.13% of mothers who breastfed their babies had made their decision to do so before conceiving their child. CONCLUSIONS: We consider the rate of breastfeeding mothers to be satisfactory. Its prevalence progressively decreases as the child gets older without any important changes in any period. These are factors related to a higher rate of breast-feeding: immigrant families, full term pregnancy, low educational level, Maternal Education attendance, first births, decision to breastfeed made before conception, not giving any supplements, perception of milk production before hospital release and no to use nipple-shields nor pacifiers. Hypogalactia and mothers return to work are the main reasons for stopping breastfeeding.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Latex allergy. Clinical manifestations in the general population and reactivity crossed with foodstuffs].

Because of widespread latex manufacturing in the last decades, latex allergy has become an important clinical problem, not only in high-risk groups (health-workers) but also among the general population. Latex is used to produce a large variety of natural rubber products (medical equipment, household gloves, condoms, balls and balloons, footwear, baby pacifiers...) employed in the ordinary life, with high risk for patients allergic to latex. Among general population, children affected by myelomeningocele or spina bifida, have a higher risk to develop latex allergy. Clinical manifestations range from local reactions(contact dermatitis, urticaria), rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma, pharyngeal edema to severe systemic reactions such anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, latex can crossreact with some plant foods, and patients suffering from latex allergy often associate food allergy.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1992

[Multi-caries in the young child].

This article describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of multi-caries in young children. These rampant cervical caries usually begin with the eruption of the first teeth. Two typical cases are presented in which the prolonged use of nursing bottle at bedtime and the use of pacifiers dipped into honey are responsible for the development of multi-caries. Although such patient can be treated successfully, efforts should be made to promote preventive measures and parents education.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1992

The relations among infant temperament, security of attachment, and behavioral inhibition at twenty-four months.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among infant temperament, attachment, and behavioral inhibition. 52 infants were seen at 2 days, 5, 14, and 24 months of age. Assessments were made of temperament at 2 days and 5 months of age, and attachment and behavioral inhibition were assessed at 14 and 24 months, respectively. EKG was recorded at each assessment, and measures of heart period and vagal tone were computed. Distress to pacifier withdrawal at 2 days of age was related to insecure attachment at 14 months. 2 types of distress reactivity at 5 months, reactivity to frustration and reactivity to novelty, were identified and related to high vagal tone. Attachment classification at 14 months was directly related to inhibited behavior at 24 months. Infants classified as insecure/resistant were more inhibited than those classified as insecure/avoidant. In addition, an interaction of infant reactivity to frustration and attachment classification was found to predict inhibition at 24 months. Infants classified as insecure/resistant and who had not cried to the arm restraint procedure at 5 months were the most inhibited at 24 months. These findings are discussed in terms of hypotheses regarding multiple modes of distress reactivity and regulation in early infancy and their different social and behavioral outcomes.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed2003

The digit sucking habit and related factors: observations from a child dental health clinic in Nigeria.

An increased prevalence of the digit sucking habit among Nigerian children has been reported. Certain factors are believed to influence its occurrence. This study was carried out to assess these factors and determine possible correlation with the onset and persistence of the habit. The sample population consisted of 81 children--52 females and 29 males aged 3-16 years who were still actively digit sucking. Findings in this group were compared with a control group made up of 80 children aged 2-16 years who were not digit suckers and had no history of the habit. Results showed no correlation between mode of infant feeding and the digit sucking habit. The duration of breast-feeding was found to have a significant effect on the habit. About 79% of non-suckers had been breast-fed for more than 6 months while only 43.2% of digit suckers were breast-fed for the same duration. The digit sucking habit was observed more frequently in children with mothers in high cadre occupations (53.1%) compared to non-suckers (23.8%). More digit suckers (22.2%) than non-suckers (12.5%) were reported to have a history of pacifier use. Neither family size nor position of the child in the family had a significant effect on the occurrence of the habit. In addition, 48.1% of the sample population had siblings with the same habit compared to 16.2% of the controls. The identification of significant factors may be useful in targeting interventions in order to prevent consequences of the prolonged habit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Emergency situations in psychiatry].

Emergencies in psychiatry depend both on the diagnosis of the pathology (past diagnosis or that revealed by the emergency), and on the situations that caused the crisis, of which their reactional nature demands specific treatment. There is an emergency when this is felt by any of the protagonists: the patient, the doctor or the entourage. The response in the environment can be indifferent, aggravating or pacifying. The behavioural outbursts in the agitated and aggressive situations necessitate a symptomatic treatment of the agitation, investigation of the underlying somatic or psychiatric pathology, and an evaluation of the milleu often at the origin of the aggravation or agitation. New types of emergency psychiatric consultations are currently being observed, underlaid by outbursts of anxieties and anguish, and this occuring across the board. Patients with diverse pathological anxieties arrive in the emergency department with an imperative demand to be relieved. Thus psychiatirc emergency go from behavioural to more intra-psychi situations, and necessitate an evaluation and an immediate response.

Aggression↗
PubMed2005

The effect of breast milk and lanolin on sore nipples.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of rubbing breast milk versus lanolin in the treatment of symptoms of sore nipples. METHODS: We carried out this randomized clinical trial on 225 mothers with sore nipples in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from April 2001 for 2 years. We randomly divided the patients into 3 groups. The first group rubbed the hind milk on their nipples at the end of each breast-feeding session, and the second group used lanolin locally on the nipple 3 times a day, and cleaned the nipple with a wet cloth before infant feeding. The third group did not use anything (control group). We corrected the breast-feeding technique of all mothers throughout the study. After the first visit, we reexamined the patient on the third, fifth, seventh and tenth days. We obtained information with interviewing and physical examination by using a questionnaire. We based the sore nipple improvement on absence of irritation according to mothers opinions. We analyzed the obtained information using the SPSS version 11.5 software, and the used tests were Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The first group (breast milk users) included 78 patients, the second group (lanolin users) included 74 patients, and the third group (control group) included 73 patients. The 3 groups were similar in gravidity, delivery method, pre-delivery breast feeding education, the beginning time of the first breast feeding, prior success breast feeding experiences, detergent agents usage for nipples, use of formula, and pacifier. Clinical manifestations, such as appearance time of symptoms, irritation and breast wound were not significantly different. The healing time was different in these 3 groups (p=0.038) according to the mean ranking in the groups. The healing time in the lanolin group was longer than the breast milk group (p=0.029) and the control group (p=0.028). No side effects were noted during the study. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, due to the better healing of the sore nipple with breast milk, its availability, without payment and side effect, breast milk is recommended for the treatment of sore nipples.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2006

[Reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome through safe sleep practices].

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained sudden death of an infant under one year of age. In Taiwan, although the number of SIDS cases decreased between 1997 and 2003, the ratio for the number of such cases to infant mortality has been consistently increasing. Even though the cause of SIDS is unknown, risk factors have been identified in the literature on the subject. Nurses may help in reducing the risk of SIDS by educating parents about the risk factors. The purpose of this paper is to describe SIDS and to recommend nurses to implement the new recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to reduce the risk of SIDS. Released in 2005, these emphasize the importance of the prone position, the use of a pacifier during sleep, and the dangers of using soft bedding and of bed sharing. Side position is no longer recommended as a rational alternative of prone position. The recommendations also indicate the need to educate secondary caregivers and health care providers about SIDS.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Associations between a history of breast feeding, malocclusion and parafunctional habits in Puerto Rican children.

UNLABELLED: Studies relating breast-feeding, malocclusion and parafunctional habits in young children are scarce. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations of a history of breast-feeding, incidence of malocclusion and parafunctional habits. METHODS: The dental records of a sample of 540 children aged 6 to 72 months screened for oral conditions and behavioral risk factors were evaluated for variables such as a history of breastfeeding, malocclusion and parafunctional habits. Descriptive statistics using the EPI-INFO Program and Chi-square test at the 0.05 level of probability were performed. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age of the children was 28 months +/- 14. The mothers' mean age was 26.4 years +/- 6. The prevalence of breast-feeding was 34% with a mean breast-feeding time period of 3 m +/- 3.7. About 95% of the children had a history of bottle-feeding and 90% showed some evidence of malocclusion at the time of dental examination. The main malocclusion problems were space deficiency (closed contacts among incisors) (31%), open bites (6%) and crossbites (5%). A habit of thumb sucking was reported in 32% of the cases and pacifier use in 21%. there were significant differences for the following variables: mother's age and breast-feeding time period; number of children in family and breast-feeding time period; breast-feeding history and breast-feeding time with bottle use, malocclusion and thumb sucking habit; and gender and thumb-sucking habit. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that breast-feeding practices and time period are behavioral factors that contribute in the prevention of malocclusion in addition to decreasing the practice of parafunctional habits in preschool children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Recent studies in Canada on the occurrence and formation of N-nitroso compounds in foods and food contact materials.

We present data on the levels of both volatile and nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds in various smoked meats, including bacon, and in food contact materials (e.g., baby bottle rubber nipples and pacifiers). Evidence presented suggests that the formation of N-nitrosothiazolidine and N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid in smoked meats and bacon and that of N-nitroso-N-methylaniline in Icelandic smoked mutton, can be minimized by changing or modifying the smoking methods. The presence of two other nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds in these products is also reported.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Sucking habits: clinical management in dentistry.

Excellent results were obtained by using the classical palatal crib for the patient, who is appraised as having morphological, functional and psychological changes resulting from finger and/or pacifier sucking habits.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Breast-feeding policies and routines among Arizona hospitals and nursery staff: results and implications of a descriptive study.

In 1988, Arizona's 61 hospitals providing obstetrical services were canvased with regard to hospital routines that favor either breast-feeding or bottle-feeding. Forty-five hospitals provided responses that were used in the survey. Practices favoring breast-feeding, which were reported by a majority of the hospitals (more than 50%), were demand feeding, staff assessment for "latch-on" (the action of nipple presentation and sucking initiation) and positioning, "rooming-in" (the practice of minimal mother-infant separation), and information about follow-up support services. Hospital practices suggested to promote bottle-feeding were the provision of pacifiers and supplemental water or glucose, issuance of formula packs at discharge, and a first feed of sterile water. A positive significant relationship was identified for policies advocating breast-feeding and the prevalence of breast-feeding encouragement from professional staff. Of 44 respondents, 41 indicated that their hospital's policies endorse breast-feeding as the ideal method of feeding healthy newborns. Hospital staff perceived that they encourage mothers to breast-feed and offer support to those who initiate breast-feeding. On the basis of this information, we conclude that dietetics practitioners should evaluate current breast-feeding practices and integrate policies supportive of breast-feeding into the health care system.

Arizona↗
PubMed1990

The effect of breastfeeding promotion on the infertile postpartum period.

A new project is testing whether a breastfeeding promotion program will change breastfeeding behavior and the length of postpartum amenorrhea. The control group and 100 of the eventual 400 experimental subjects have been recruited. The program consists of workshops, prenatal care, maternity ward postpartum care, early home visits, and a breastfeeding outpatient clinic. Early results seem to indicate decreased use of pacifiers and foods and fluids other than breast milk by women in the study group.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1991

Infant and toddler sleep: a telephone survey of parents in one community.

A telephone survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of infant and toddler sleep disturbances. Parents of all 12- to 35-month-old children listed in one community were contacted, and 81% participated. Many children resisted going to bed (42%) or woke and cried during the night (35%). Approximately half the parents had changed their child's diet, naptime, or bedtime and about half these parents found changing routines helpful. Parents frequently reported that pacifiers or bottles in the crib quieted their children. Crying it out, scheduled awakenings, and progressive delay responding were all effective (70% or better) for parents who were aware of these procedures. Satisfaction did not necessarily correspond with effectiveness. Finally, parents were more likely to seek information about sleep from relatives, friends, or books and magazines than from their physician or from a psychologist.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing habits and dental decay in infants: "nursing bottle caries".

The decay-producing capabilities of certain foods can be influenced by eating habits. When a habit of frequent nocturnal bottle or breast feeding is maintained beyond a year of age, the potential for gross dental decay in very young children is established. Bovine milk, milk formulas and human breast milk have all been implicated in the condition of "nursing bottle caries," because of their lactose content. Additional sweeteners in the nursing bottle, the use of fruit juices or the use of honey-dipped pacifiers can also cause "nursing bottle caries." "Nursing bottle caries" can be prevented through a timely educational program to new parents. Prevention is particularly applicable in young children, since a healthy oral condition promotes good nutrition, a healthy state and normal growth. Both the American Dental Association and the American Society of Dentistry for Children have pamphlets explaining "nursing bottle caries," which are available for distribution to the public.

Animals↗