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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

The purification and properties of the -lactamase specified by the resistance factor R-1818 in Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.

1. The beta-lactamase specified by the R-1818 resistance factor in Escherichia coli was purified 300-fold; the resulting preparation gave a single peak on Sephadex G-100 and a single band on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. The beta-lactamase specified by the same R-factor in Proteus mirabilis was purified over 2000-fold, but was still far from pure. The specific activity of this preparation was one-fifth that of the purified enzyme from E. coli. 3. The two enzymes were shown to be identical as regards substrate specificity, pH optimum, K(m) values and molecular weight. 4. It is suggested that the low beta-lactamase activity of extracts of P. mirabilis (R-1818), about 5% of that from E. coli (R-1818) in crude extracts, could be due to inefficient transcription of the R-factor DNA by Proteus RNA polymerase.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1998

Proteus syndrome with widespread portwine stain naevus.

Proteus syndrome is a rare condition comprising asymmetrical overgrowth of different parts of the body in association with various cutaneous abnormalities. We describe a 3-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome, who presented with hemihypertrophy of the right leg, asymmetric macrodactyly, subcutaneous masses and a widespread portwine stain interspersed with angiokeratomas on the right leg, scrotum and on the middle and left side of the back. Doppler ultrasound of the right leg did not show hypercirculation, but did reveal the absence of the right superficial femoral vein.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Anaesthesia for Proteus syndrome.

A 4-month-old boy with Proteus syndrome underwent a successful operation for a left abdominal mass due to hydroureter and hydronephrosis with left ureterovesical stenosis. The operation lasted 4.5 h under general anaesthesia; there were no anaesthetic complications. There is only one previous report on anaesthesia in a patient with Proteus syndrome.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Novel genes that upregulate the Proteus mirabilis flhDC master operon controlling flagellar biogenesis and swarming.

By screening for restoration of multicellular migration in a non-swarming but motile Proteus mirabilis mutant lacking the FIgN facilitator of flagella assembly, we identified four distinct genes that, in trans and multicopy, increased flagella production and cell length. Each of the genes upregulated expression of the flhDC master operon that controls flagellar biogenesis, cell division and swarming, not only in the mutant but also in the wild type. The genes were named umoA, umoB, umoC and umoD. Disruption of each of the wild-type chromosomal umo genes caused corresponding reductions in swarming and cell elongation, which correlated with decreased expression of the flhDC operon. The umoA, umoB, umoC and umoD genes are not closely linked, and only umoB is part of an operon. The sequences of the calculated gene products, UmoA (20.6 kDa), UmoB (78.0 kDa), UmoC (15.2 kDa) and UmoD (19.2 kDa), contain putative N-terminal secretion signals and predict a location in the cell membranes or periplasm. UmoB and UmoD have sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli uncharacterized open reading frames YrfF and YcfJ respectively; UmoA and UmoC have no known homologues. The umoB and umoC gene transcripts were present at very low levels, but umoA and umoD expression was similar to that of flhDC and increased in parallel with flhDC expression during differentiation into elongated hyperflagellated swarm cells. Like flhDC, umoA and umoD expression was subject to negative feedback in aflagellar assembly mutant lacking the FlhA inner membrane component of the export machinery. Assays of umo gene expression and cross-complementation indicated that the umo genes do not act in sequence within a pathway to upregulate flhDC, but revealed that umoA and umoD are reciprocally upregulated by FlhDC. Our findings strengthen the picture of the flhDC master operon as a major assimilatory checkpoint in Proteus mirabilis and other Gram-negative bacteria and expand the view of a complex regulatory network coupled to flagellar biogenesis.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2000

The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of core-lipid A region ofthe lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis wild-type strain S1959 (serotype O3) and its Ra mutant R110/1959.

The following structure of core-lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Proteus mirabilis strain 1959 (serotype O3) and its rough mutant R110/1959 (Proteus type II core) was determined using NMR and chemical analysis of the core oligosaccharide, obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of LPS, and of the products of alkaline deacylation of the LPS: Incomplete substitutions are indicated by italics. All sugars are in pyranose form, alpha-Hep is the residue Lglycero-alpha-Dmanno-Hep, alpha-DD-Hep is the residue Dglycero-alpha-Dmanno-Hep. The differences with the previously reported structures are discussed.

Acylation↗
PubMed2000

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Proteus penneri 71 and classification of cross-reactive P. penneri strains to a new proposed serogroup O64.

A neutral O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the bacterium Proteus penneri 71. On the basis of sugar analysis and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic studies, including two-dimensional COSY, 13C,1H heteronuclear COSY and ROESY, the following structure of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: -->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-- > The polysaccharide has the same carbohydrate backbone as the O-specific polysaccharide of P. penneri 19 and both are similar to that of P. penneri 62 studied by us previously. A cross-reactivity of anti-P. penneri 71, 19 and 62 O-antisera with 11 P. penneri strains was revealed and substantiated at the level of the O-antigen structures. These strains could be divided into three subgroups within a new proposed Proteus O64 serogroup containing P. penneri strains only.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Structure of a 2-aminoethyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Proteus penneri 8 from a new serogroup O67.

An acidic O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the Proteus penneri 8 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain D-glucose, D-galacturonic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (L-FucNAc) and 2-aminoethyl phosphate (PEtn) in the ratios 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was applied to the intact and dephosphorylated polysaccharides, and the following structure of the hexasaccharide repeating unit was established: The O-specific polysaccharide has a unique structure, and, accordingly, we propose for P. penneri 8 a new Proteus O67 serogroup, in which this strain is at present the single representative. The nature of epitopes on LPS of P. penneri 34, P. mirabilis O16, P. mirabilis O23 and P. vulgaris O22, which cross-react with O-antiserum against P. penneri 8, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Genetic diversity in Proteus mirabilis isolates found in the urinary tract of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Elevated levels of anti-Proteus antibodies but not antibodies to E. coli have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The suggestion has been made that P. mirabilis may have a role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences at the genetic level inisolates of P. mirabilis obtained from controls and RA patients. METHODS: A blind study was performed whereby P. mirabilis isolates obtained from urinary cultures of RA patients and controls were analysed using RAPD PCR. Isolates were then grouped on the basis of their DNA band profile after agarose gel electrophoresis, thereby allowing the composition of the Proteus population in the urinary tract to be analysed at the genetic level. RESULTS: Fourteen different DNA band profiles were obtained from the 93 isolates tested: 70% of these isolates fell into only five of the 14 groups and approximately 25% of all isolates fell into one group. No differences were observed in the frequency of isolates from either control or RA subjects. CONCLUSIONS: There is genetic diversity in P. mirabilis populations found in the urinary tract, but there are no differences in the frequency of these bacteria between RA patients and controls.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proteus syndrome: a case report].

The Proteus-syndrome is a recently described congenital hamartomatosis consisting of numerous clinical features of great variety. Mainly affected are the musculo-skeletal system, primarily by hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly and exostoses, and the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, primarily by pigmented naevi and subcutaneous tumors. The differential diagnosis includes other malformation syndromes, e. g. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome and other hamartomatosis. Surgical intervention and treatment is difficult because of a frequency of complications and recurrences. This article describes clinical manifestations of Proteus syndrome, differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Proteus syndrome.

Proteus syndrome is a rare sporadic, hamartoneoplastic disorder of vascular, skeletal, and soft tissues that causes asymmetry of the skull, body, arms, and the legs. The name "Proteus" of the Greek god who had the ability to change his shape was coined to define the variety of deformities including partial gigantism of the hands or feet, asymmetry of the arms and legs, hypertrophy of long bones, plantar hyperplasia, haemangiomas, lipomas, varicosities, linear verrucous epidermal naevi, macrocephaly, and cranial hyperostoses. The basic defect seems to be the focal overgrowth of cellular elements in skin, bone, and other connective tissues. The variable features of the syndrome make differential diagnosis challenging for clinicians. The most important features are the hamartomatous disorders. The long-term prognosis is still not clear. As it is a hamartoneoplastic and incompletely delineated syndrome, the patients must be followed up because of the possible risk of neoplasms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Adhesion of thrombin-stimulated and unstimulated blood platelets to collagen in the presence of Proteus mirabilis lipopolysaccharides.

Adhesion of blood platelets to collagen may be involved in pathogenesis of septic shock after damage of endothelial cells by LPS or inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, analysis of platelet adhesion in the presence of endotoxin seems to be of great importance. We studied in vitro the effects of LPSs (S1959, R110, R45) from Proteus mirabilis (smooth and rough types differing significantly in their composition) on the adhesion of unstimulated and thrombin-stimulated platelets to collagen. The adhesion was measured by a static method as absorbance of cell attached proteins. In this work we report that adhesion of resting platelets to collagen was stimulated by all tested LPSs. The effects were dependent on the doses of LPSs. In the presence of LPSs the inhibition of adhesion of thrombin-treated platelets to collagen was observed. The results presented in this paper indicate that LPSs from Proteus mirabilis may act directly on blood platelets and stimulate adhesion of resting platelets to collagen. On the other hand, LPSs can have an inhibitory effect on adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Cytoplasmic DNA synthesis in Amoeba proteus. I. On the particulate nature of the DNA-containing elements.

The incorporation of tritiated thymidine in Amoeba proteus was reinvestigated in order to see if it could be associated with microscopically detectable structures. Staining experiments with basic dyes, including the fluorochrome acridine orange, revealed the presence of large numbers of 0.3 to 0.5 micro particles in the cytoplasm of all cells studied. The effect of nuclease digestion on the dye affinity of the particles suggests that they contain DNA as well as RNA. Centrifugation of living cells at 10,000 g leads to the sedimentation of the particles in the centrifugal third of the ameba near the nucleus. Analysis of centrifuged cells which had been incubated with H(3)-thymidine showed a very high degree of correlation between the location of the nucleic acid-containing granules and that of acid-insoluble, deoxyribonuclease-sensitive labeled molecules and leads to the conclusion that cytoplasmic DNA synthesis in Amoeba proteus occurs in association with these particles.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1966

Basal bodies of bacterial flagella in Proteus mirabilis. I. Electron microscopy of sectioned material.

Years ago (16, 18, 19), in a study of shadowed preparations of Proteus vulgaris that had been autolyzed in the cold, the observation was made that the flagella arose from basal bodies. However, recently (3, 7, 24, 33) doubt has been cast on the conclusion that the flagella of bacteria emerge from sizable basal bodies. This problem has, therefore, been reinvestigated with actively developing cultures of Proteus mirabilis, the cell walls of which had been expanded slightly by exposure to penicillin. Two techniques were applied: ultramicrotomy, and negative staining of whole mount preparations. This paper deals with the thin sections of bacteria after the usual fixation technique had been altered slightly: the cells were embedded in agar prior to their fixation and further processing. The flagella then remained attached to the cells and were seen to extend between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. Occasionally, the flagella appeared to be anchored in the cell by means of a hook-shaped ending. In sections of cells rich in cytoplasm, the basal bodies are particularly difficult to visualize due to their small size (25 to 45 mmicro) and the lack of properties that would enable one to distinguish them from the ribonucleoprotein structures; in addition, their boundary appears to be delicate. However, when the cytoplasm is sparse in the cells, either naturally or as a result of osmotic shocking in distilled water, the flagella can be observed to emerge from rounded structures approximately 25 to 45 mmicro wide. Contrary to a previous suggestion (21), the flagella do not terminate in the peripheral sites of reduced tellurite, i.e. the chondrioids. The observations in this part of the study agree with those described in the following paper (15) dealing with negatively stained preparations.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1959

Nuclear synthesis of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid in Amoeba proteus.

The enucleation technique has been applied to Amoeba proteus by several laboratories in attempts to determine whether the cytoplasm is capable of nucleus-independent ribonucleic acid synthesis. This cell is very convenient for micrurgy, but its use requires a thorough starvation period to eliminate the possibility of metabolic influence by food vacuoles and frequent washings and medium renewal to maintain asepsis. In the experiments described here, amoebae were starved for periods of 24 to 96 hours, cut into nucleated and enucleated halves, and exposed to either C-14 uracil, C-14 adenine, C-14 orotic acid, or a mixture of all three. When the starvation period was short (less than 72 hours), organisms (especially yeast cells) contained within amoeba food vacuoles frequently showed RNA synthesis in both nucleated and enucleated amoebae. When the preperiod of starvation was longer than 72 hours, food vacuole influence was apparently negligible, and a more meaningful comparison between enucleated and nucleated amoebae was possible. Nucleated cells incorporated all three precursors into RNA; enucleated cells were incapable of such incorporation. The experiments indicate a complete dependence on the nucleus for RNA synthesis. The conflict with the experimental results of others on this problem could possibly stem from differences in culture conditions, starvation treatment, or experimental conditions. For an unequivocal answer in experiments of this design, ideally the cells should be capable of growth on an entirely synthetic medium under aseptic conditions. The use of a synthetic medium (experiments with A. proteus are done under starvation conditions) would permit, moreover, a more realistic comparison of metabolic capacities of nucleated and enucleated cells.

Adenine↗
PubMed1961

Infective organisms in the cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus.

Evidence from electron and phase microscopy is given which shows that infective organisms are present in the cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus. Vesicles containing living organisms have been observed after repeated washing and starvation of the amebae for a period of 2 weeks. Exposure to gamma-radiation in conjunction with starvation, repeated washing, isolation of single amebae, refeeding with contaminant-free Tetrahymena, and clone selection has produced clones with reduced cytoplasmic infection. These findings are discussed in regard to the autoradiographic studies of other investigators on Amoeba proteus. The controversies over whether DNA and RNA are synthesized in the cytoplasm may be resolved by the finding of cytoplasmic infection.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1978

Cefamandole in the treatment of infections due to Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus.

Clinical and bacteriologic results are reported for 80 patients treated with 1.5--12 g of cefamandole daily for a variety of infections caused by Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, organisms that have been resistant to most available cephalosporins. Of 45 patients with infections due to Enterobacter, 41 (91%) had satisfactory clinical responses; 36 were bacteriologic successes, and six cases of complicated urinary tract infections relapsed. Of 37 patients with infections due to indole-positive Proteus, 28 (88%) were clinical successes and 30 (81%) were bacteriologic successes. Fourteen cases of complicated urinary tract infection relapsed. Of 104 patients in whom the drug was evaluated for safety, use of cefamandole was discontinued in five; nine adverse reactions were considered drug-related. A summary of published in vitro data shows that the majority of strains of these organisms were susceptible to cefamandole at concentrations achievable in the serum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations are variable, and there is a significant inoculum effect, the clinical significance of which has not been determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Klebsiella antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis and Proteus antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Antibodies to Klebsiella, but not to other bacteria, have been shown to be present in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by seven different techniques. Antibodies to Proteus, but not to E. coli or Klebsiella, have been shown to be present in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by three different techniques. It is suggested AS and RA are forms of reactive arthritis, to Klebsiella and Proteus respectively, probably mediated by cross-reactivity to HLA antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A muscular lesion suggestive of focal myositis in a child with Proteus syndrome.

Proteus syndrome is a polymorphic hamartomatous disorder associated with a broad spectrum of rare congenital malformations. Many neoplasms have been linked to this condition, including lipomas, lymphangiomas, and hemangiomas. The authors describe a case of a congenital muscular lesion in a child with Proteus syndrome. This mass was painless but was growing out of proportion to her leg musculature. A magnetic resonance imaging scan and incisional biopsy showed findings consistent with focal myositis. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of this previously undescribed lesion are discussed, with a brief review of the literature.

Child, Preschool↗