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PubMed1986

[Surgical therapy of chronic instability of the upper ankle joint using periostal bridle-plasty].

We have used the technique of the autoplastic periostal bridle graft for operative treatment of chronic lateral instabilities of the ankle joint in 78 cases since 1978. Clinical and radiological follow-ups of 55 patients were made at two different intervals of time. In more than 90% of these there was no more evidence of instability and good or very good subjective results were obtained. The substitute ligament can be either fastened via drill holes or fixed to the bone with a screw. The autoplastic periostal bridle graft is a simple, anatomically appropriate and reliable procedure to restore the stability of the lateral ankle joint. Several renowned authors have also reported good results in the meantime.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the periosteal regional acceleratory phenomenon in fractured ribs: histomorphometric study in beagles.

Transverse fractures were made surgically in the midshaft of the left 9th and 10th ribs in adult Beagles. A buffer vehicle (n = 4) or 0.2 mg of prostaglandin (PG) E1/day (n = 6) was injected into the fracture sites twice a day for 10 days, and dogs were euthanatized on day 30. Double-pulsed fluorescent labels were given with each of 2 fluorochrome markers--calcein before surgical treatment and oxytetracycline HCl before euthanasia. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out on specimens collected in adjacent regions of the healing defects. The surface extent and width of the osteoid on fractured (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, respectively) and nonfractured (P less than 0.05) sites in the treated group were greater than those in the nontreated group. The net loss of mineralizing surfaces was noticed on both ribs of both groups. Of 11 samples on the fractured side in the treated group, 4 contained periosteal new bone proliferation. There was increased osteoid formation and decreased mineralizing surfaces in the PGE1-treated group. Seemingly, administration of PGE1 induced bone matrix formation on periosteal envelope adjacent to a fracture site and its contralateral matching site.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

The response of the rat tibial growth plates to distal periosteal division.

The growth plate chondrocytes have been examined in the tibiae of normal immature rats and in similar rats after circumferential distal periosteal release. In control rats, calculation of the growth rate as the product of the rate of cell proliferation and the maximum hypertrophic cell height correlated with gross measurements. The labelling index also correlated with the calculated growth rate. During the period 28 to 46 days of age there was little change in the growth rate but a diminution in the height of the hypertrophic cells. Unilateral circumferential periosteal division produced bilateral increases in tibial growth rate and in the activity of both the proliferative and hypertrophic zones as part of the systemic response to the trauma. There was a 1% ipsilateral increase in tibial length, as compared to the contralateral side, which appeared to be related principally to an increase in the number of proliferative cells. This simple method of stimulating bone growth can usefully be undertaken at the same time as other operative procedures.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Effect of phenytoin and/or beta-aminoproprionitrile on a surgically induced periosteal wound.

Phenytoin has a beneficial effect on wound healing and on the healing of bone fractures, while beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) has an adverse effect on both. BAPN causes what appears to be a repair response in the periosteum at sites of muscle attachment, but phenytoin does not alter that response. The effect of phenytoin and/or BAPN on the repair of a surgically induced periosteal wound at the insertion of the adductor longus and pectineus muscles was studied in rats at 7 days post-wounding. Phenytoin facilitated and BAPN exacerbated the repair process, as indicated by the size of the periosteal response. Phenytoin increased the percentage of bone present in the responses, and both phenytoin and BAPN reduced the amount of cartilage present. The possible role of inflammation in obtaining the beneficial effects of phenytoin in wound healing is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1985

Periosteal transection and stripping for treatment of angular limb deformities in foals: radiographic observations.

Radiographs of 23 foals (35 forelimbs) with carpal region angular limb deformities, which later were corrected by hemicircumferential transection of the periosteum and periosteal stripping, were evaluated as to geometric and morphologic abnormalities. Geometric evaluation included deviation angle and deviation pivot point. Morphologic abnormalities were categorized as: asymmetric width of the distal radial physis; asymmetric width of the distal radial epiphysis; carpal bone collapse or fracture; carpal bone hypoplasia; carpal bone displacement; and metacarpal bone displacement. Fifty-seven percent of limbs had radiographic lesions in the carpal joints and 20% had lesions in the metacarpus. Of all the limbs, 48% had carpal or metacarpal bone hypoplasia, 26% had carpal or metacarpal bone displacement, and 12% had carpal bone collapse or fragmentation. On long-term followup (5 months to 2 years), 83% of the foals were sound and had straight limbs, regardless of the deviation angle, deviation pivot point, or morphologic carpal bone changes. Sixty percent of the foals were in performance training. About 50% of these foals in performance training had carpal bone hypoplasia before correction of the deviation. It was concluded that geometric and morphologic radiographic interpretation should be performed before surgical correction of carpal angular limb deformities with hemicircumferential transection of the periosteum and periosteal stripping, but that epiphyseal, carpal bone, or metacarpal bone changes, severe deviation angle (20 to 29 degrees) or distal location of the pivot point should not discourage attempted surgical correction.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Benign sub-periosteal osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity. histological and ultrastructural study of a case].

A case of periosteal benign osteoblastoma arising in the left nasal cavity is presented. The tumor develops on the surface of the middle turbinate without evidence of bone destruction. It has been locally excised and has not recurred in 3 1/2 years. The histological aspect is identical to that of the other cases of genuine osteoblastoma. The ultrastructure (the first of a periosteal osteoblastoma) is described. The osteoblasts resemble normal osteoblasts with a few exceptions: irregular nuclei, abundance of well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous fine filaments. The osteocytes and osteoclasts basically resemble their normal counterparts. The final diagnosis of benign osteoblastoma rests at the light microscopy level. The differential diagnosis are reviewed. Distinguishing histologic and ultrastructural characteristics between this tumor and other benign osteoblastic tumors are discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1985

Periosteal stress-induced reactions resembling stress fractures. A radiologic and histologic study in dogs.

An external callus is always associated with so-called stress fractures, but a fracture line cannot always be demonstrated by radiologic means. In such instances it is assumed that an undisplaced fracture or microfracture must nevertheless exist for an external callus to form. In this experimental study, 18 beagles were immobilized in a shoulder spica for periods of time ranging from 6 to 32 weeks and then remobilized. At the time of sacrifice, which varied from four to 28 weeks after remobilization was started, eight showed on radiographs an external fusiform bone formation on the distal metacarpal metaphysis during the remobilization period without evidence of a fracture line. Serial histologic examination, in seven metacarpi, also failed to reveal the presence of any break in the bone's continuity. Although this does not exclude the accumulation of microdamage (mechanical fatigue) at such sites, there is sufficient evidence that the circumscribed periosteal reaction occurred at a site of increased stress in the absence of an actual fracture. Consequently, this condition is called a periosteal stress-induced reaction.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Periosteal transection of the proximal phalanx in foals with angular limb deformities of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal area.

Bilateral angular limb deformities of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal regions in 2 foals are discussed. Periosteal transection was used to correct the deformity in both foals. In one foal, only the right forelimb was treated because the deformity in the left forelimb did not appear to warrant surgery. Subsequently, an angular limb deformity, which could have been prevented, developed in the left forelimb. A third foal developed a deformity in the proximal phalanx after periosteal transection of the distal third metatarsal bone.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Structure of the erosive lacunae on the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of bone].

The periostal and endostal surfaces of the femur, ribs and lumbar vertebrae have been investigated in people at the age of 20-90 years. The erosive lacunae on the surface of the bone are revealed as recesses of various form and size. They are usually encountered as groups forming a resorptive focus, or fuse into large zones of resorption. Comparing the data of the light optic investigation and the results of SAM studies of the bone surface, it is possible to distinguish the erosive lacunae with an active process of resorption from the lacunae, where the process proceeds slowly or is not yet fully completed. On the periostal surface the resorptive foci are revealed more often, while on the endostal surface--large zones of resorption are seen. The erosive lacunae are often situated in the ostial parts of the vascular canals. No age dependence is noted in morphological manifestation of the resorption process on the investigated osseous surfaces of a mature person.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

In vitro studies on skeletogenic potential of membrane bone periosteal cells.

In the avian embryo ectomesenchyme cells, derived from the mesencephalic level of the cranial neural crest, migrate into the presumptive maxillary region and subsequently differentiate into the membrane bones and associated secondary cartilage of the upper jaw skeleton. The cartilage arises secondarily within the periosteum at points of articulation between membrane bones and provides an embryonic articulating surface. The stimulus for the differentiation of secondary cartilage is believed to be intermittent pressure and shear created at the developing embryonic movement. The development of one such system--the quadratojugal, has been analysed using organ and explant culture techniques and studied with particular reference to the differentiation of periosteal cells into secondary cartilage. A number of conclusions were reached. (1) Normally only cells at discrete loci express a chondrogenic potential in vivo: the periosteal cells at these sites of future articulation become committed to chondrogenesis during stage 35, more than 24 h before cartilage is identifiable in vivo. (2) However, cells with a 'latent' chondrogenic potential are widespread in membrane bone periosteum and occur over most, if not all, of the surface area of the bone. This potential is expressed in the 'permissive' environment created by submersion of the tissue in explant culture or in submerged organ culture. (3) This chondrogenic potential exists long before the time at which commitment of cartilage-forming cells occurs and even presumptive maxillary ectomesenchyme at stage 29 has a limited ability to form cartilage in vitro. It is suggested that spatial position is a principal factor controlling the differentiation of secondary cartilage. Ectomesenchyme cells with the potential to form secondary cartilage are widespread but it is only those cells whose migration from the neural crest positions them and their progeny at the site of a presumptive joint which subsequently express this potential. This epigenetic interpretation is discussed in the general context of development mechanisms underlying the spatial and temporal patterns in which neural crest-derived cells differentiate to produce bone and cartilage during the formation of the head skeleton.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

The induction of neochondrogenesis in free intra-articular periosteal autografts under the influence of continuous passive motion. An experimental investigation in the rabbit.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chondrogenic potential of free intra-articular autografts of periosteum under the influence of joint immobilization compared with continuous passive motion. A graft of periosteum (including the cambium layer) was taken from the medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia and transplanted into each corresponding knee joint in thirty adolescent New Zealand rabbits. A cast was applied to the left hind limb to immobilize the knee joint in a position of 40 degrees of flexion; the animal was then placed on the continuous passive-motion apparatus so that the right knee joint could be moved continuously and passively from 40 to 110 degrees of flexion. Fifteen rabbits were killed at intervals from seven to twenty-eight days and fifteen rabbits were killed at twenty-one days. The grafts in the immobilized limbs were small and soft, and did not resemble cartilage, whereas the grafts in the limbs that had been treated with continuous passive motion had grown much larger and had taken on the gross appearance of articular cartilage. After one week the cells in the cambium layer were rapidly proliferating and by two weeks there was consistent evidence of differentiation along a chondroid line in the grafts that had been exposed to continuous passive motion. After three weeks bone formation was apparent in all of the grafts, which had become adherent to the synovial tissue and vascularized. Cartilage was the predominant tissue in only 8 per cent of the grafts in the immobilized limbs, compared with 59 per cent of the grafts (p less than 0.01) in the limbs exposed to continuous passive motion. This investigation demonstrated the chondrogenic potential of free periosteal grafts in a synovial fluid environment and also the stimulating effect of continuous passive motion on periosteal neochondrogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Bone growth and modeling changes induced by periosteal stripping in the rat.

In this study, the changes in longitudinal bone growth and metaphyseal modeling induced by middiaphyseal periosteal stripping in the rat femur were analyzed by means of histomorphometrical techniques. One hundred forty-four male 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley albino rats distributed in 4 groups of 36 were studied: a control group, a sham group, a group with middiaphyseal right femoral periosteal stripping, and a group with a polyethylene ring wrapped around the stripped zone. The animals were euthanized at 1, 2, or 4 weeks from the start of the experiment, after double tetracycline labeling. A statistically significant, albeit small, longitudinal overgrowth of stripped femurs was observed after a latency period of 2 to 4 weeks. The metaphyseal diameters were greater in stripped femurs than nonstripped femurs. This finding was associated with a lower osteoclastic index in the external metaphyseal surface and with a lower bone formation rate in the internal surface of the metaphyseal cortex. These latter findings have not been reported previously in the literature and may support the role of the periosteum in controlling metaphyseal modeling.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Results of the administration of bisphosphonates for the prevention of periosteal bone formation following Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors.

The effect of continuous and discontinuous administration of bisphosphonates on the periosteal osteogenesis induced by Moloney sarcoma development was studied in mice by histological examination and bone dry mass evaluation. Both EHDP and Cl2MDP did not inhibit periosteal osteogenesis but EHDP, in contrast to Cl2MDP, inhibited the mineralization of osteoid. This inhibition was completely reversible after the withdrawal of the drug. Within two weeks the remineralization of newly formed bone matrix was completed.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Periosteal sunburst spiculation in osteosarcoma. A possible role for bone morphogenetic protein.

Periosteal sunburst spiculation is a peculiar radiographic feature of osteosarcoma, and it represents a reactive ossification resulting from the action of normal osteoblasts rather than tumor cells. Because bone morphogenetic protein is known to be a potent inducer of ectopic bone formation, the authors hypothesized that bone morphogenetic protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of such reactive bone formation in osteosarcoma. Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene were injected into the femurs of athymic nude mice to form experimental bone tumors producing bone morphogenetic protein. Two weeks after intramedullary injection, new bone formation was observed radiographically and histologically within the extraosseous portions of the tumors. This showed a close resemblance to sunburst spiculation in human osteosarcomas. In contrast, the control nontransformed Chinese hamster ovary tumors showed no extraosseous bone formation. Because the induced bone was composed of multiple parallel spicules similar to those found in human bone morphogenetic protein-producing osteosarcomas, these findings suggest that periosteal sunburst spiculation may be the result of bone morphogenetic protein production by osteosarcoma cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Substitution of the external malleolar ligament with a periosteal flap].

Substitution of lateral malleolar ligament with a periosteal flap Authors describe their operative procedure for chronic instability of the lateral malleolar ligament: substitution of this ligament with a periosteal flap. This operation is suitable, according to follow up examinations, both in isolated talofibular and talofibular-calcaneofibular ligamental deficiencies, for the stable restitution with good function of the talorural joint. The advantage of the operation is that less burden is imposed on the patient, the technique is relatively simple, and the need of instruments is minimal. Control examinations have shown very good or good results in the majority of 16-49 years old operated patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Extra-periosteal mask-lift. Technical note].

Based on the work by Caix and Goin, it seemed logical to perform mask-lift by extra-periosteal dissection, as it is the adipose and cutaneous planes which are affected by age, while the periosteum is not distended. It is much more logical to directly displace the planes concerned by the operation rather than operating underneath the periosteum, a relatively poorly extensible barrier. Apart from the dangerous zone of the middle third of the zygoma, the frontal branch of the facial nerve is at no greater risk than during a forehead facelift. Extra-periosteal dissection does not raise any particular problems in the malomaxillary region.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Stimulation of PGE2 synthesis in a co-culture of periosteal fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells by parathyroid hormone.

In previous experiments, we demonstrated that hPTH 1-34 activates PGE2 synthesis and calcium mobilization by chick calvaria. In this report, we started to search for the PTH responsible cell population in this bone tissue. When the chick calvariae were subjected to sequential enzyme digestion, we found that the third cell population were the cells that reacted to human PTH 1-34 and bovine PTH 1-34. A subsequent procedure was performed using the cells isolated from enzyme digestion and separated into two distinct populations--periosteal fibroblasts (PF) and osteoblast-like cells (OB)--by a two-step density gradient of Percoll. We found that PF and OB cells alone did not respond to PTH in terms of PGE2 synthesis. However, when these two cell populations were mixed in the proportion of 50:50, the synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was increased significantly by the treatment of PTH and calcitonin. No effects were demonstrated in the mixing proportions of 30:70 and 70:30. These results suggest that PTH responsiveness may need a local interaction between periosteal fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells residing in chick calvaria.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The subgalea-periosteal turnover flap for reconstruction of scalp defects.

Subgalea-periosteal flaps were successfully used in a turnover pattern to reconstruct two scalp defects with exposed calvaria caused by tumor ablation. A copious vascular network of the subgaleal fascia in the base and its attached lateral territories provide adequate blood inflow for the turnover flap. The periosteum is included in the flap to protect the blood supply of the subgaleal component from damage during dissection, and its uniform surface constitutes an ideal bed to receive skin grafts. The tissue is readily available and a large flap can be created in a single surgical step without deformities or sequelae left in the donor area. The subgalea-periosteal turnover flap overlaid with skin graft seems to make reconstruction of the complicated scalp defect much simpler and straightforward.

Adult↗