Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PEPPERMINT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Antioxidants and oxidative stress].

BACKGROUND: Oxidative damage is related to the development of several diseases. An improved antioxidant defence may therefore protect against these diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary plants contain several hundred different antioxidants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have systematically assessed the total amount of antioxidants in a variety of dietary plants by the "ferric-reducing ability of plasma" assay, a method that measures the sum total of all antioxidants above a reference redox potential. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that antioxidant levels vary considerably. Plants with the highest values include dog rose, sour cherry, blackberry, crowberry, blueberry, walnuts, sunflower seed, pomegranate and ginger. Among the dried culinary herbs tested, we found very high levels of antioxidants in oregano, sage, peppermint, garden thyme, lemon balm, clove, allspice and cinnamon. INTERPRETATION: Our results are in accordance with studies in experimental animals demonstrating beneficial effect against age-related neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis after treatment with some of the most antioxidant-rich foods identified in the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Sweets from the pharmaceutical industry reason to suspect intoxication with quetiapine].

A 13-year-old boy was presented to the emergency department with a presumed intoxication with quetiapine, an antipsychotic. The tablets turned out to be peppermints, used as advertisement gift from the pharmaceutical industry. This misunderstanding could have led to unnecessary treatment and observation of the patient in hospital, for a moderately serious intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome affects 10 to 15 percent of the U.S. population to some degree. This condition is defined as abdominal pain and discomfort with altered bowel habits in the absence of any other mechanical, inflammatory, or biochemical explanation for these symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome is more likely to affect women than men and is most common in patients 30 to 50 years of age. Symptoms are improved equally by diets supplemented with fiber or hydrolyzed guar gum, but more patients prefer hydrolyzed guar gum. Antispasmodic agents may be used as needed, but anticholinergic and other side effects limit their use in some patients. Loperamide is an option for treatment of moderately severe diarrhea. Antidepressants have been shown to relieve pain and may be effective in low doses. Trials using alosetron showed a clinically significant, although modest, gain over placebo, but it is indicated only for women with severe diarrhea-predominant symptoms or for those in whom conventional treatment has failed. Tegaserod has an advantage over placebo in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; it is indicated for up to 12 weeks of treatment in women. However, postmarketing reports of severe diarrhea and ischemic colitis further limit its use. Herbal therapies such as peppermint oil also may be effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Therapies should focus on specific gastrointestinal dysfunctions (e.g., constipation, diarrhea, pain), and medications only should be used when nonprescription remedies do not work or when symptoms are severe.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi in dried medicinal plants].

The quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi was determined in selected dried medicinal plants purchased in one of the herbal shops in Szczecin, Poland. The samples examined were as follows: chamomile (Flos Chamomillae), peppermint (Folium Menthae piperitae), lemon balm (Folium Melissae), St. John's wort (Herba Hyperici), and two herbal mixtures. The fungal composition depended on the specified sample. Xerophilic fungi, i.e. Eurotium amstelodami, E. herbariorum, E. rubrum and Wallemia sebi were isolated from dried medicinal plants. E. amstelodami was the predominating species. The prevailing thermophilic and thermotolerant species were Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis and Aspergillus fumigatus. Pink and white yeasts were also numerous in some samples. Except for Aspergillus niger, mesophilic and toxigenous species were found to occur infrequently in the samples. However, Aspergillus versicolor was found to occur abundantly in lemon balm.

Chamomile↗
PubMed2005

A novel approach for the management of the chalkbrood disease infesting honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in Egypt.

Except for, very few articles regarding the influence of some organic acids on the causative pathogen, Ascosphaera apis Maassen, no other studies pertaining to the management of the chalkbrood disease were performed, so far in Egypt. Laboratory investigations indicated that the fungicides, i.e (Galben C 46%, Radomil gold pluse WP 42.5% and Daconil 2787) at their recommended rates did not exert any effect on the mycelical growth of the fungus. Therefore, these fungicides were completely excluded from the subsequent apiary trials. As to the Mycostatin, it was found clearly that this mycostatic compound was effective at the rates of 50.000 and 100.000 IU. Regarding the essential oils (ceder, clove, peppermint, parsley, black cumin, garden rocket, and ricin), ceder oil surpassed the other oils and materials in controlling the subject disease. It is peculiar that no studies on the efficacy of ceder are available in the literature, so the present work using ceder oil is recorded for the first time worldwide. Thymol substance at the rate of 2% showed also a great success in managing the CHB disease. Baised on the obtained results, the promising materials in controlling the disease could be arranged according to their efficacy in a descending order as follows: ceder oil>thymol>mycostatin and oxalic acid, so these highly effective materials were again tested under the apiary conditions. Outdoors (apiary) studies revealed that ceder oil 4% gave 100% reduction in mummies numbers. Reductions in number of fallen mummies ranged from 63.22 to 96.94, 18.93 to 81.74, and 10.11 to 68.16%, on average, for thymol, mycostatin, and oxalic acid, respectively. From the practical point of view, thymol could be recommended for controlling the CHB disease, as it is the cheapest material and proved to increase the brood nest as well. In addition, thymol has other uses in the field of apiculture.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of selected media and incubation temperatures for isolation of microscopic fungi from dried medicinal plants.

The study compared selected media and incubation temperatures for isolation of fungi from dried medicinal plants (chamomile, peppermint, lemon balm, St. John's wort and two herbal mixtures). The DG18 medium was found to be the most suitable for characterization of the mycoflora at 25 degrees C. The medium selection for 37 degrees C was dependent on the species to be isolated. MEA + 40% sacharose and YpSs were found to be the best media for isolation of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi from dried medicinal plants.

Chamomile↗
PubMed1991

Diet and the irritable bowel syndrome.

Food intake plays a key role in triggering or perpetuating symptoms in patients with IBS. Evaluation of the impact of diet in the individual patient requires a precise dietary history and a 7-day prospective dietary analysis, which should include the quality and quantity of food consumed, chronologic sequence and nature of symptoms, and the frequency and consistency of bowel movements. The caloric density of the meal, total fat intake, the quantity and quality of lactose-containing foods, sorbitol, fructose, and the nature and quantity of soluble and insoluble fiber intake must be noted. Patients with reflux esophageal symptoms should eliminate foods that decrease LES pressure, such as chocolate, peppermint, alcohol, and coffee. Direct esophageal mucosal irritants such as tomatoes, citrus juices, sharp condiments, and alcohol should be limited. Gastric emptying is slowed with the ingestion of fats and soluble fiber. Small bowel motility is slowed by soluble fiber and fatty foods. Gaseous syndromes may be reduced by avoidance of smoking, chewing gum, excessive liquid intake, and carbonated drinks. The reduced intake of large amounts of lactose-containing foods, sorbitol, and fructose may limit postprandial bloating. Flatus production can be lowered by reducing fermentable carbohydrates such as beans, cabbage, lentils, brussel sprouts, and legumes. Soluble and insoluble fiber ingestion will reduce sigmoidal intraluminal pressures and overcome spastic constipation when given in progressive graded doses. Effective dietary manipulations remain a key factor in reducing symptoms in IBS.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Individualization of treatment for patients with IBS is predicated on a thorough analysis of the patient's symptoms, consideration of the reasons for seeking health care, evaluation of symptom-precipitating factors, elimination of confounding features, and the absolute knowledge of the absence of organic illness. Collecting and codifying appropriate historical data allow the physician to educate the patient with respect to the origin of his symptoms, and to enlist the patient as a partner in his future health care. There is no single, universally accepted therapeutic agent available for the treatment of the IBS patient. As a result, treatment is directed at reducing the frequency and intensity of triggering factors as well as ameliorating the symptoms when they arise. Symptoms evoked by psychologic factors may be effectively reduced by psychotherapy or hypnotherapy. Situational anxiety may be treated for brief periods by using antianxiety agents such as diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, buspirone, or similar agents. Depressive reactions may be reduced with suitable doses of antidepressant agents such as amitriptyline. Smooth muscle hyperreactivity may be dulled with small amounts of selected anticholinergics, which are usually most effective in reducing meal-induced discomfort. Peppermint oil may be of additional benefit. Gas-related symptoms require elimination of contributory dietary factors, such as lactose-containing foods, sorbitol, or fructose, as well as certain oligosaccharides. Simethecone, charcoal, or beanase may be helpful. Functional constipation is best treated with graded doses of insoluble or soluble fiber. Diarrheal episodes may be reduced with either loperamide or diphenoxylate. Careful, continued follow-up assessment of therapeutic endeavors, a sincere interest in the patient's concerns, and surveillance for intercurrent organic illness are the cornerstones of complete ongoing care.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1989

Nutritional therapy of irritable bowel syndrome.

Nutritional factors relative to IBS include diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Etiologically, foods do not cause IBS. A small percentage of patients with childhood allergic diatheses, usually in association with atopic dermatitis and asthma, may be intolerant to one or more of wheat, corn, dairy products, coffee, tea, or citrus fruits. Diagnostically, many patients labeled as IBS subjects are in fact intolerant to the ingestion of lactose-containing foods, sorbitol, fructose, or combinations of fructose and sorbitol. A precise dietary history will characterize this group. Taken in its broadest context, IBS involves the entire hollow tract inclusive of esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon. The symptomatic presentation relative to the hollow organ involved allows the selection of dietary manipulations that may help to reduce symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux, a consequence of low LES pressure in some IBS patients, may be treated with the elimination of fatty foods, alcohol, chocolate, and peppermint. Delayed gastric emptying may be helped by the elimination of fatty foods and reduction of soluble fiber. Aberrant small bowel motor function may be ameliorated by reduction of lactose, sorbitol, and fructose and the addition of soluble fiber. Gas syndromes may be improved by reduced intake of beans, cabbage, lentils, legumes, apples, grapes, and raisins. Colonic motor dysfunction may be overcome by the gradual addition of combinations of soluble and insoluble fiber-containing foods and supplements. The selective use of activated charcoal and simethicone may be helpful.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1989

[Midazolam for premedication of infants. A comparison of the effect between oral and rectal administration].

Midazolam (M) has been successfully used in oral and rectal premedication of children of one to six years of age. The following study was designed to investigate the efficacy of both methods when used as premedication "on demand". 60 children (1-6 years) were randomly assigned to 0.3 mg/kg bw M orally and 0.5 mg/kg bw M rectally. Psychological, behavioural and physiological parameters were measured at special time intervals and special stressful events (separation from the mother or father, induction of anaesthesia). Rectally premedicated children were found to be better prepared concerning psychological and behavioural parameters. This can be due to the dosage as well as the faster absorption of M. In the postoperative period orally premedicated children experienced significantly more nausea and vomiting. This might be due to the preparation with saccharin, peppermint oil and ethanol. - In "premedication on demand" rectal Midazolam must be preferred to orally administered Midazolam in the preparation mentioned above.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Assessing olfaction in general practice. A study of suitable odors].

We tested 15 substances, some of which have not so far been used for olfactometry, on a group of 200 normal adults and on 50 patients with impairment of olfaction. In the first stage the test substances were offered on strips of blotting paper. With this qualitative procedure 6 substances were found to be typical and well recognized. In a second stage these substances were tested quantitatively using the Elsberg olfactometer. This series revealed four groups with gradually differing olfactive activity. From each group one substance was accepted for definitive testing. These were: peppermint oil (strongest olfactory stimulus), benzaldehyde, orange oil and eugenol (weakest stimulus). Using this olfactory scale in the blotting paper test a rough quantitative screening of the degree of olfaction impairment should be possible, without recourse to expensive olfactometry.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Salicylates in foods.

To determine salicylate content, 333 food items were analyzed. Foods were homogenized with 25% sodium hydroxide, allowed to stand overnight, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with warm diethylether over 5 hours. The extract was dried and taken up in dilute sodium bicarbonate solution for analysis. Salicylic acid was separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by reading at 235 nm. Salicylic acid standards were used throughout to standardize extractions and analyses. This is the most comprehensive set of data on food salicylates yet published; extraction appears to have been more complete for some foods, giving higher values than those previously published. Most fruits, especially berry fruits and dried fruits, contain salicylate. Vegetables show a wide range from 0 to 6 mg salicylate per 100 gm food (for gherkins). Some herbs and spices were found to contain very high amounts per 100 gm, e.g., curry powder, paprika, thyme, garam masala, and rosemary. Among beverages, tea provides substantial amounts of salicylate. Licorice and peppermint candies and some honeys contain salicylates. Cereals, meat, fish, and dairy products contain none or negligible amounts.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1985

Food-allergic asthma in general practice.

A survey was undertaken to assess the importance of food allergy in asthma. Seventy-two asthmatics aged 15-60 years were identified in a general practice and compared with 72 controls matched for age and sex. A diagnostic procedure involving dietary elimination and challenge was carried out on those who thought food exacerbated their symptoms, together with those with concurrent eczema, positive skin tests to food or positive food IgE-RAST. The asthmatics more frequently had positive skin tests of IgE-RAST to food than the controls, but these tests proved to be rather non-specific in identifying provoking foods. One patient was found to be allergic to wheat and his clinical condition improved when wheat was removed from his diet. Two patients seemed to respond to other foodstuffs, but the effects were small, the foods (honey and peppermint) unimportant, and the patients' symptoms appeared to be largely due to other factors. Most cases of alleged food-induced asthma could not be confirmed by challenge testing. This survey suggests that some degree of provocation by food (excluding drink) affects at least 4 per cent of adult asthmatics, although in some of these patients it plays an unimportant part in the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Carbohydrate-conditioned odor preferences in rats.

The effectiveness of odor cues to support nutrient-conditioned flavor preferences in rats was studied. When the rats drank fluid, the CS+ odor was paired with intragastric (IG) infusions of Polycose, and the CS- odor with IG water. In Experiment 1, rats trained with almond and anise odors presented with plain drinking water failed to acquire a CS+ odor preference. In contrast, rats in Experiment 2 formed a strong aversion to anise (or almond) paired with lithium chloride, which indicated that the odors were distinguishable to the rats. Experiment 3 showed that providing unique tastes (bitter or sour) in combination with the odors during training potentiated odor conditioning. The rats displayed a strong preference for the odor+taste CS+ and for the odor component alone. Experiment 4 showed that with another pair of odor (peppermint and vanilla), CS+ preferences could be conditioned in the absence of taste cues during training. These results demonstrate that rats can acquire strong nutrient-conditioned odor preferences.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of resistance to essential oils in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (VR-6).

VR-6, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, harboured a plasmid and was not inhibited by 20 microliters ml-1 of essential oils (eucalyptus, lemongrass, palmarosa, and peppermint). On treatment with acridine orange, a clone VR-6-AO-1 was obtained which was susceptible to 16.6 microliters ml-1 of eucalyptus or palmarosa oil. The plasmid DNA content of this clone was similar to the parent strain.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1995

Effect of essential oils on the viability and morphology of Escherichia coli (SP-11).

The four essential oils (aromatic plant products) from palmarosa (Pm), lemongrass (Lg), peppermint (Pt) and eucalyptus (Eu) plants were found to be bactericidal to Escherichia coli strain SP-11, at a concentration of 1.66 (Pm, Lg and Eu) or 2.5 (Pt) microl ml-1. This effect was observed both at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C and was not prevented by immediate tenfold dilution or by the presence of 0.5 M sucrose. Pm and Pt but not Lg or Eu induced the formation of elongated filamentous forms, some measuring 60-70 micrometers long.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1998

[Phytochemical evaluation of essential oils, medicinal plants and their preparations].

A surway is presented on the authors' work in the field of volatile oil research. The gas chromatographic method previously used for analysis of essential oils was transformed to capillary gas chromatographic conditions. The method is also suitable for separation of compound-pairs frequently occurring in essential oils (peppermint, rosemary, lavender, sage, clary sage, thyme oils). Beside the gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils, which was necessary for their standardization and qualification, the influence of different extraction methods and some biological facts e.g. the ontogenesis on the change of essential oil composition are also discussed. It has been established that the water steam distillation from acidic medium can be more advantageous than the traditional one, if the volatile terpene derivatives were bound in form of glycosides or dimeric quajazolide lactons were present in plant (oregano, Sideritis, wormwood oils). Comparing the composition of essential oil obtained by water steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) it was found that the SFE fractions are richer in ester constituents because the possibility of hydrolysis is reduced, and the oils are more valuable than the classic oils. On the other hand, when the transformation processes are important (chamomile), the distillation is the better method. The change of essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Anthriscus cerefolium L. was also studied during the vegetation period. It has been established that in budding and early flowering stages the basil oil was rich in monoterpenes; the quantity of sesquiterpenes and phenylpropane derivatives increased only in later stadiums. Finally the extraction and analytical processes are discussed which are used for standardization of complex plant preparations which contained essential oil as active agent and represented various medicinal forms.

Chamomile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Olfactory cortical evoked potentials].

The objective evaluation of smell is the least used functional ear, nose and throat exploration. Evoked potentials can be recorded after chemical olfactory stimulation using a method similar to recording cortical auditory evoked potentials. Our results with this technique and peppermint oil as the stimulant were fully satisfactory. In 10 patients with normal smell, a characteristic wave with a long latency was recorded in the absence of auditory and visual stimuli. In contrast, in 10 anosmic patients this characteristic recording was absent. The easy recording technique proposed here can be useful for olfactory assessment of objective disorders, detection of malingers, and medical-legal reports.

Adult↗