Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Netilmicin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of netilmicin alone and in combination with azlocillin, mezlocillin and imipenem against 149 coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have long been regarded as innocuous skin commensals with little pathogenic potential but they have recently become, under appropriate conditions, an important cause of infections. In fact, infections caused by CNS are an increasing problem especially, but not exclusively, in immuno-compromised patients. A total of 149 strains of CNS were identified from 47 patients admitted to the Haematology Department of Pescara Hospital from October 1986 to November 1987. The strains, isolated from different parts of the body and characterized by their methicillin susceptibility, were classified by API-Staph in 11 different groups. MICs and MBCs of netilmicin alone and combined with azlocillin, mezlocillin and imipenem were studied. For all combinations FIC and FBC indices were determined. The killing kinetics of the drugs mentioned above were also determined. Except for a few microorganisms (less than 5%), the associations showed a synergic or additive effect.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1985

Enzymuria in aminoglycoside-induced kidney damage. Comparative study of gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin and netilmicin.

Forty-one patients with urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to receive for six days gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin or netilmicin. The dose for each patient was calculated according to creatinine clearance and lean body mass in order to avoid overdosages. Urinary enzymes (alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and muramidase), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, proteinuria and urinary sediment were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. None of the patients developed nephrotoxicity, but urinary enzymes rose significantly in all. The statistical analysis of enzymuria during the treatment permitted the definition of a rank order of the nephrotoxic potential of the aminoglycosides studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Penetration of cefmetazole and netilmicin into the cerebrospinal fluid].

1. Cefmetazole (CMZ) and netilmicin (NTL) were administered by one-shot intravenous and intramuscular injection, respectively, and measurements were made on their concentrations in the serum as well in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which was collected using a drainage tube inserted into the cisterna basalis after the operation of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. 2. Concentrations of CMZ and NTL in the CSF changed nearly in parallel to those in the serum. 3. A one-shot intravenous injection of these drugs seemed to achieve their high concentrations in the CSF, though high concentrations may not last very long.

Cefmetazole↗
PubMed1986

Effects of aztreonam and netilmicin upon alveolar macrophage function.

Both aztreonam and netilmicin showed no toxic effect on alveolar macrophage function when administered at varying concentrations. Killing ability was unchanged as well. The increase of enzyme delivery, assessed at varying concentrations, was very limited and of no relevance in the pathogenesis of possible tissue damage. It can be explained on the basis of a change in the permeability of membranes or to output during phagocytosis. In cultures containing either antibiotic under similar conditions we did not note any substantial differences. The concentrations tested can be used safely in the therapy of infections due to most gram-negative bacteria.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

[Method of adjusting the netilmicin dosage in neonatal intensive care].

We tried to adapt the dose of netilmicin in an intensive care unit on 41 newborns, under 8 days of age. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after the first intramuscular dose administration and the initial dose (3 mg/kg/twice a day) was modified in 17 cases. Methodologic problems but mainly great variations in physiology and pathology explain the difficulties in predicting the serum concentration (peak and valley) on the 7th day. A decrease in the daily dose for the preterm infant, compared to the one used in full-term infant, and a drug concentration monitoring are advised.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of serious urological infections with cefotaxime compared to ampicillin plus netilmicin.

Fifty-nine patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with either cefotaxime or ampicillin plus netilmicin in a controlled, open randomised study of the clinical and bacteriological effects. The patients responded favourably in both groups. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime against the isolates from blood were low for all bacterial strains except one (Streptococcus faecalis). Time to normalisation of temperature was significantly shorter in the cefotaxime group. The results suggest that cefotaxime is an effective and well-tolerated agent in the treatment of serious infections. However, the difference between the two groups was too small to allow preference of one procedure over the other.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in hypertonic hemodiafiltration and standard hemodialysis.

Recently, we developed a peculiar model of hemodiafiltration (HDF), in which a conventional acetate hemodialysis (HD) is combined with a high flux dialyzer, a high ultrafiltration flow rate and a postdilution hypertonic reinfusion (H HDF). The pharmacokinetics of netilmicin (N), a relatively new aminoglycoside, were evaluated during 5 sessions of H HDF of 180 min and 2 sessions of HD of 270 min in the same 8 patients with a comparable blood (approximately 400 ml/min) and dialysate flow rate (approximately 520 ml/min). Additional studies were performed in 7 out of the 8 patients after 2 sessions of H HDF and one session of HD. N clearance, calculated both as plasma water and total body clearance, was so exceedingly higher during H HDF than during HD, that the amount of drug removed by H HDF in 180 min was still significantly higher than that removed by HD in 270 min. Consequently, the N half-life during HD was about 5 h, whereas during H HDF it was less than 2.5 h, approaching that reported in normal subjects. N half-life out of dialysis treatments was about 55 h. In conclusion, N pharmacokinetics are strikingly different between H HDF and HD, with N clearance during H HDF about the double of that during HD. The implications of this study are: a different dosage adjustment of aminoglycosides is needed for patients routinely treated by HDF; HDF may be a very effective treatment for the overdose of many drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

In vitro activity of netilmicin and cefotaxime compared to that of other aminoglycosides.

In vitro activity of netilmicin, cefotaxime, amikacin, dibekacin, gentamicin and tobramicin was compared against clinical isolates in Antibiotic Medium 3 at pH 7.1 and human plasma water at pH 7.8. Except against Pseudomonas aeruginosa the aminoglycosides were generally more active in plasma water than in broth. Against P. aeruginosa higher concentrations were required to inhibit or kill the strain in the plasma water. Cefotaxime was not tested against these organisms. Against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus species cefotaxime was found to be more active than the aminoglucosides, both in broth and plasma water. Its activity against Staph. aureus was markedly less than that of the aminoglycosides. Tobramicin showed a higher activity in plasma water only against Proteus species.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

Comparative evaluation of netilmicin-ticarcillin and tobramycin-ticarcillin in the treatment of serious systemic infections in elderly patients.

The effectiveness and safety of two antibiotic regimens, netilmicin-ticarcillin (NT) and tobramycin-ticarcillin (TT), were compared in a prospective, randomized, blind-evaluator study involving 60 elderly patients with serious systemic infections. Fifty-three patients were evaluated for treatment effectiveness; 25 (93%) of 27 patients in the NT group and 24 (92%) of 26 patients in the TT group had complete clinical resolution or improvement of their infections. There were two clinical failures in each group. Bacteriological responses were comparable in both treatment groups, with 87% (58/67) of the pathogens eliminated from patients in the NT group and 83% (59/71) eliminated from the patients in the TT group. The elimination rate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the organism most frequently isolated, was 88% (14/16) in the NT group and 77% (10/13) in the TT group. The differences between response rates of the treatment groups were not statistically significant. Auditory toxicity, detected by pure tone audiometry, was observed in two of the 24 patients treated with TT and in none of the patients treated with NT. Dizziness or vertigo, possibly resulting from aminoglycoside administration, occurred in one of the 29 patients given NT and in four of the 31 patients given TT. Nephrotoxicity, detected by serial serum creatinine determinations, developed in none of the patients in the NT group and in five of the 31 patients in the TT group, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that NT and TT are comparable in efficacy and that NT is less likely than TT to cause nephrotoxicity or disturbances in eighth cranial nerve function.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

In vitro inactivation of gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin by carbenicillin, azlocillin, or mezlocillin.

The in vitro inactivation of gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin, when combined with carbenicillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin, was studied. Plasma samples containing the aminoglycosides at a concentration of 5-8 micrograms/ml in combination with the penicillins in concentrations of 500, 250, and 50 micrograms/ml were incubated at room temperature and 37 degrees C for 0.3, 1, 3, 6, and 9 days. The aminoglycoside concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay. The extent of inactivation was dependent on penicillin concentration, contact time, and temperature. Penicillin concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml caused the greatest loss of aminoglycoside, while little loss occurred at the 50-micrograms/ml penicillin level. Carbenicillin, in concentrations of 250 and 500 micrograms/ml, inactivated all three aminoglycosides to a greater extent than either azlocillin or mezlocillin. The initial rate of decline in aminoglycoside concentration was greater at 37 degrees C than at room temperature. The new acylureidopenicillins, azlocillin and mezlocillin, inactivate the aminoglycosides studied, in a similar manner to that previously described for carbenicillin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on netilmicin].

Netilmicin (NTL), a new semisynthesized aminoglycoside, was evaluated in 11 episodes of infection in 10 patients, who had severe underlying diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, malignancy and hepatic cirrhosis. The infection was bacteremia in 3 cases, urinary tract infections in 3 cases and respiratory tract infections in 5 cases. NTL was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 100 mg twice a day for 3 to 14 days. Overall clinical efficacy was only 40%, including excellent in 2 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases. Bacteriologically, 2 episodes of E. coli, 2 of S. marcescens and 1 of K. pneumoniae were eradicated, whereas, 2 of P. aeruginosa were decreased, and 1 of K. pneumoniae and 1 of P. rettgeri were persisted. Transient eosinophilia was observed in 1 case, and also nephrotoxicity was encountered in 1 case.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological evaluation of netilmicin].

The following results were obtained from the bacteriological evaluations of netilmicin (NTL), a newly developed antibiotic agent, with gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB) and amikacin (AMK) as the controls. (1) NTL demonstrated broad antibacterial spectra against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but its antibacterial potency against streptococci was not very strong among other Gram-positive bacteria. (2) In terms of distribution of sensitivity of clinically isolated bacterial strains, NTL proved to have antibacterial potency comparable to that of GM and higher potency than that of DKB of AMK against E. coli K. pneumonia, Enterobacter sp., or H. influenzae. However, its efficacy was inferior to GM against Proteus sp., S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. (3) In conjunction with the influences of pH of culture media or of addition of horse sera upon the antibacterial efficacy, NTL showed an inclination similar to that of GM, DKB and AKM. Its antibacterial efficacy was fortified on the alkaline side or by addition of sera. In connection with the influences of the amounts of inoculated bacteria upon antibacterial efficacy, there were hardly any appreciable influences on it by any of the tested bacterial strains. (4) The interactions of NTL with carbenicillin were evaluated with the chequerboard titration method to find remarkable cooperative actions in any of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. (5) The results of evaluation on the patterns of its antibacterial effects revealed that it acted bactericidal in any tested bacterial strains. (6) As to the therapeutic effects against experimental infections in mice, it was found out that NTL = GM greater than DKB and AMK against E. coli, GM greater than NTL = DKB and AMK against K. pneumoniae and GM and DKB greater than NTL greater than or equal to AMK against A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa in the decreasing order of efficacy.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1980

Influence of medium composition on bacterial susceptibility testing to gentamicin and netilmicin.

The composition of the growth medium, especially the presence of divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+, affects the susceptibility of bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Regression lines were calculated for gentamicin and netilmicin with 146 fresh clinical isolates and by the use of the standardized disc diffusion and agar dilution methods on PDM-agar or Mueller-Hinton agar. At the break-point less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml, denoting susceptibility different zones of inhibition were obtained on the different agar media. When performing regression line analysis from tests with 56 isolates by the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar versus MIC's in Mueller-Hinton broth, the resulting lines were different from those when performing the MIC's in agar. Furthermore, the bacteria were twofold or more susceptible in unsupplemented Mueller-Hinton broth than on Mueller-Hinton agar.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical experience of netilmicin on chronic urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

Daily 150 mg or 200 mg dose of netilmicin (NTL) were administered to 26 patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections for 5 days, and the following results were obtained. 1) Out of 26 cases excellent response was seen in 5 cases, good response in 4, and poor response in 11. Effectiveness rate was 45%. Six cases were excluded from the evaluation. 2) Effective result was not seen in the catheterized group, whereas 5 excellent and 4 good cases were observed in the noncatheterized group, resulting 60% in effectiveness rate. 3) MICs of NTL against various bacteria were comparative to GM against P. aeruginosa, to AMK against Serratia, and to both GM and AMK against other bacteria. 4) Except a slight local irritation, no subjective side effect was observed. One case showed a slight elevation in hepatic function tests but it was not definitely judged as the side effect due to NTL.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Reproduction study on netilmicin. (1) Teratological study in rats (author's transl)].

Teratological study on netilmicin (NTL), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats (Slc : SD). NTL was administered intramuscularly to female rats from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at the dosages of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The decrease of food intake at the dosage of 50 mg/kg and more, and the resultant depression of maternal body weight gain at the dosage of 100 mg/kg were observed in dams receiving NTL. The depression of fetal growth, such as body weight and ossification of the sternebrae and caudal vertebrae, were detected in animals treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of NTL. However, NTL failed to induce the external, visceral and skeletal anomalies in fetuses. Also, NTL did not cause any significant changes in birth rate, suckling rate, weaning rate, body weight, postnatal development, behavior and reproductive performance in F1. These results suggest that NTL has no adverse effect on rat fetuses and F1 generation at the dosage of 25 mg/kg or less.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗