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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Multimedia fetal pathology].

Due to the enormous technical developments in recent years in the area of prenatal ultrasound more malformations are detected in greater detail and at an earlier point in time during pregnancy than in the past. As a result, fetuses of increasingly smaller size and with complex diagnoses are presented for autopsy. At the same time, the genetic causes of ever more diseases, malformations and syndromes are being discovered, so that DNA diagnostics, chromosome analysis and, among others, molecular-genetic and biochemical investigations have come increasingly to complement clinical-genetic diagnostics. The increasing clinical requirements also raise the requirements for advanced training in the area of fetal pathology. Multimedia techniques can help satisfy these requirements. Within the framework of routine diagnostics representative findings in exemplary cases can be worked out multimedially. These cases could be presented by CD or shown on the World Wide Web. Tele-pathology can come to play an essential role in advanced training: seminars can be conducted directly or virtually using preserved specimens or direct expert consultations can be conducted for the increasingly complex routine cases. The technical development mentioned above makes it clear that advanced training has to be carried out within a clinical context. Commonly accessible interdisciplinary databases play a central role here.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed2003

Complexity in multimedia mass balance models: when are simple models adequate and when are more complex models necessary?

Three environmental multimedia models of varying degrees of complexity are compared to assess when simple models are adequate and when more complex models are advantageous. The simplest model, the level II (L-II) model, assumes all environmental media are at chemical equilibrium, whereas the more complex models treat chemical disequilibrium between well-mixed media (standard level IV [L-IV] model) or the major media are subdivided into separate layers to simulate heterogeneity (high-resolution level IV [HR-IV] model). The three models are compared for their performance in predicting steady-state, regional concentrations; dynamic, local-scale concentrations; and chemical persistence in the environment. The results indicate that the L-IV model often provides adequate regional simulations when chemical emission occurs to air or water. This model also is useful for assessing chemical persistence in both steady-state and dynamic scenarios. More complex models, such as the HR-IV model, are suggested for local-scale, dynamic simulations or when the chemical emission occurs to soil because they better characterize rates of intramedia transport, which can greatly affect the model predictions. The simplest L-II model predicts environmental concentrations that can differ significantly from those of more complex models, but it is useful for establishing partitioning tendencies and for ranking chemicals for their relative persistence in steady-state situations.

Air Movements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life assessment for low literacy Latinos: a new multimedia program for self-administration.

Cancer patients who have limited literacy skills or English language proficiency are particularly vulnerable to receiving sub-optimal care. Outcome measurement in these patients may provide new insight into previously undetected problems. This report describes the development and testing of a Spanish language, multimedia program for quality of life (QOL) assessment. Pilot testing was conducted with 30 Latino cancer patients with a range of education levels and computer experience. Patients found the program easy to use and understand. The "Talking Touchscreen" is a practical, user-friendly method that provides greater opportunities to assess QOL in Spanish-speaking patients with a range of literacy skills.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2003

[Multimedia fate modeling with spatial resolution for phenanthrene in Tianjin].

Behavior and fate of phenanthrene in various phases in Tianjin were calculated using a multimedia model with spatial resolution under steady-state assumption. Spatial variation of two parameters, namely soil organic carbon content and emission from fossil fuel combustion, were taken into consideration. Both soil and air phases were further divided into 3113 sub-compartments and 6226 equations in total were solved simultaneously under mass-balance assumption. A number of output parameters, therefore, were generated and were used for mapping of phenanthrene concentrations in soil and air, as well as transfer fluxes between compartments. The model was evaluated in two ways. 1. Comparison between the calculated and the observed average concentrations in bulk compartments, and 2. Comparison of spatial distribution of the calculated and the observed phenanthrene concentrations in surface soil. In both cases, the predicted results are in fair agreement with the independently measured values. As the results of the modeling, it was demonstrated that soil and sediment, especially the later, is the primary sink of phenanthrene in the area over 70% of the chemical accumulated in sediment. The spatial distribution pattern of phenanthrene in surface soil depends on content of soil organic matter which prevent the degradation of the material by bacteria. For distribution in ambient air, the dominant controlling factor is the emission.

Air↗
PubMed1992

ATLAS-plus: multimedia instruction in embryology, gross anatomy, and histology.

ATLAS-plus [Advanced Tools for Learning Anatomical Structure] is a multimedia program used to assist in the teaching of anatomy at the University of Michigan Medical School. ATLAS-plus contains three courses: Histology, Embryology, and Gross Anatomy. In addition to the three courses, a glossary containing terms from the three courses is available. All three courses and the glossary are accessible in the ATLAS-plus environment. The ATLAS-plus environment provides a consistent set of tools and options so that the user can navigate easily and intelligently in and between the various courses and modules in the ATLAS-plus world. The program is a collaboration between anatomy and cell biology faculty, medical students, graphic artists, systems analysts, and instructional designers.

Anatomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PCP exposure for the Canadian general population: a multimedia analysis.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is ubiquitous in the Canadian environment, as a result of the large quantities used in the wood preservation and wood protection industries. In the past decade, agricultural and wood protection applications of PCP in Canada have been sharply curtailed. A multimedia approach was used to update estimates of PCP exposure of the members of the general population in Canada, based on currently available information. A detailed review of PCP concentrations reported in air, water, foods, household dust, and soil was performed. PCP intake estimates for infants, toddlers, school-age children, and adults in Canada were calculated. Estimates were made for people with average intakes of air, water, foods, household dust, and soil, as well as for recreational anglers and aboriginal subsistence fishermen, who were expected to have higher intakes. The current estimated intake by all of these populations is well below the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 6 micrograms/kg bw/day. The average members of the general population have an estimated intake via all routes of 0.05 micrograms/kg bw/day; most exposure is calculated to occur via food (dairy products, grains and cereals and meats) and indoor air. Recreational anglers are estimated to be exposed to only marginally more PCP per day (roughly 2%) than the general population. In contrast, aboriginal subsistence fisherman, because of their very high consumption of fish and fish products, experience the highest exposure to PCP through food; their estimated intake of PCP is almost twice that of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

BIRD: Bio-Image Referral Database. Design and implementation of a new web based and patient multimedia data focused system for effective medical diagnosis and therapy.

This paper presents a low cost software platform prototype supporting health care personnel in retrieving patient referral multimedia data. These information are centralized in a server machine and structured by using a flexible eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Bio-Image Referral Database (BIRD). Data are distributed on demand to requesting client in an Intranet network and transformed via eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) to be visualized in an uniform way on market browsers. The core server operation software has been developed in PHP Hypertext Preprocessor scripting language, which is very versatile and useful for crafting a dynamic Web environment.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excellence in teaching end-of-life care: a new multimedia toolkit for nurse educators.

Nursing strongly values comfort and patient-centered care at the end of life, but little end-of-life content is included in most basic nursing education programs. An innovative way to improve nursing education about the end-of-life transition is to provide nurse educators with an electronic toolkit. This article describes a newly created multimedia toolkit (TNEEL), which includes engaging strategies for teaching and learning about end-of-life care.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical application of synchronised multimedia scanning for the objectification of laryngeal events in stuttering: preliminary study and first results].

OBJECTIVE: We have tried in this preliminary work to observe what kind of mechanical laryngeal events were corresponding to the disfluencies heard while stuttering, especially in the pre-phonatory and phonatory blocks. Basing our observations upon numerised and synchronised multimedia recordings (videonasofibroscopic long duration recordings synchronised to the acoustic recordings of speech corpus) we also tried to figure what happened when an adult speaker used a fluency enhancing method such as the Erasm. Authors advanced the hypothesis of a closed larynx in two or three folds while the stuttering blocks and some even described those folds. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We have recorded the stutterers and non-stutterers (N= 3) as well during speaking tasks as in cough, snuffling (N= 2), swallowing and sustaining a vowel. Secondary, the patients had to use the Erasm method, for the productions they had first stuttered. We wanted to focus rather on the supraglottal components movements. RESULTS: In our study we haven't visualised any laryngeal double or triple folding while the blocks. But we did observe abnormal laryngeal behaviours, which recall spasmodic or myoclonic type of movements with: Tremors of the base of the tongue, a strong lateral pharyngolaryngeal constriction, quick successive up and down involuntary movements of the larynx, anarchic and paradoxal attempts of opening the vocal folds, at the moment of the intention of speaking. We did also objectify a real improvement in those aberrant movements by using the Erasm method.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1991

A multimedia Anatomy Browser incorporating a knowledge base and 3D images.

We describe a multimedia program for teaching anatomy. The program, called the Anatomy Browser, displays cross-sectional and topographical images, with outlines around structures and regions of interest. The user may point to these structures and retrieve text descriptions, view symbolic relationships between structures, or view spatial relationships by accessing 3-D graphics animations from videodiscs produced specifically for this program. The software also helps students exercise what they have learned by asking them to identify structures by name and location. The program is implemented in a client-server architecture, with the user interface residing on a Macintosh, while images, data, and a growing symbolic knowledge base of anatomy are stored on a fileserver. This architecture allows us to develop practical tutorial modules that are in current use, while at the same time developing the knowledge base that will lead to more intelligent tutorial systems.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1991

The DeSyGNER data access element: a readily reusable component for the construction of data-compatible multimedia programs.

Dynamic assembly of applications from diverse and possibly disparate collections of information components is a key element for powerful information management environments. Traditional methods of application development hinder flexible integration of information components because they treat computer programs as single, isolated units of functionality where inter-application connections and sharing of intra-application information components are achieved only by special cooperation between program authors. Although many programmers strive to develop re-usable program code, it is rare that independently developed components can be readily combined into new applications. One of the major reasons for this is that there is no overall agreement as to the types of segments written, how the segments communicate, or how their data is stored. We have created a multimedia applications development architecture called DeSyGNER (the Decision Systems Group Nucleus of Extensible Resources) that provides a type-independent definition of the fundamental information-bearing unit for the construction of data-compatible applications. By incorporating a common high-level architecture and an intrinsically modular object-oriented design, DeSyGNER applications process information in smaller, isolatable, and more mobile and reusable units than do monolithic computer programs.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1995

Multimedia approach to dental education in the 21st century.

Today's technology allows educators to design and create tools that enable teachers and students to work with material from different sources and to attend courses at various sites. The personal computer represents perhaps the greatest boon to this movement by providing a vehicle for "user friendly," interactive, multimedia courseware. A discussion of that courseware, its development and implementation, is provided here.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1995

The virtual hospital. Providing multimedia decision support tools via the Internet.

Physicians in the clinical setting remain isolated from important sources of medical information. The authors have created a multimedia database known as The Virtual Hospital that improves access to current medical data, which is used to improve patient care decisions. The Virtual Hospital is a digital health sciences library stored on a server (computer) at The University of Iowa and delivered via the Internet to inexpensive personal computers in the workplace. The emerging standard of the World Wide Web is used to provide cross-platform distribution.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Tutorial software for clinical chemistry incorporating interactive multimedia clinical cases.

We have developed computer-based clinical case histories incorporating multimedia elements to aid the learning of medicine in a problem-based manner. Topics have been developed in the specialty of Clinical Biochemistry but the approach used is suitable for any branch of clinical medicine. Each topic has material aimed at medical students and also postgraduate candidates for professional examinations. A browser program is also incorporated. Emphasis is made on interaction through the case and modeling of real-life decisions in diagnosis and treatment. Advantages of the program are self-paced learning, assessment of understanding, feedback, and emphasis on deep understanding of the basic physiological and biochemical processes underlying clinical problems.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1995

Building a medical multimedia database system to integrate clinical information: an application of high-performance computing and communications technology.

The rapid growth of diagnostic-imaging technologies over the past two decades has dramatically increased the amount of nontextual data generated in clinical medicine. The architecture of traditional, text-oriented, clinical information systems has made the integration of digitized clinical images with the patient record problematic. Systems for the classification, retrieval, and integration of clinical images are in their infancy. Recent advances in high-performance computing, imaging, and networking technology now make it technologically and economically feasible to develop an integrated, multimedia, electronic patient record. As part of The National Library of Medicine's Biomedical Applications of High-Performance Computing and Communications program, we plan to develop Image Engine, a prototype microcomputer-based system for the storage, retrieval, integration, and sharing of a wide range of clinically important digital images. Images stored in the Image Engine database will be indexed and organized using the Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus and will be dynamically linked to data in a text-based, clinical information system. We will evaluate Image Engine by initially implementing it in three clinical domains (oncology, gastroenterology, and clinical pathology) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1994

Multimedia communications networks. Patient care through interactive point-of-care testing.

This decade will see a historical convergence of technologic and socioeconomic events that will merge interactive multimedia communications with longitudinal participatory health care systems. Diagnostic testing will extend from the home to the most sophisticated acute care settings. Point-of-care testing networks will resemble modern electrical utility power grids with workload distributed to optimize test turnaround time and economic effectiveness. Throughout the network, clinical and managerial information will be accessible as needed at all points of use. The networks will become "physician extenders" by allowing broad interactive geographic and mobile accessibility to clinical information in a context that maintains patient confidentiality and data security.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Multimedia computer-assisted instruction in cardiology.

BACKGROUND: Medical education faces problems caused by increasing restraints on resources. A multicenter consortium combined simulation and multimedia computer-assisted instruction (MCAI) to develop unique interactive teaching programs that can address a number of these problems. We describe the consortium, the MCAI system, the programs, and a multicenter evaluation of technical and educational performance. METHODS: The MCAI system uses computer-controlled access to full-screen, full-motion, and full-color laser disc video in combination with digitized sound, images, and graphics stored on removable media. The Socratic teaching method enhances interaction and guides learners through the patient's history, cardiovascular physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and therapy. Self-instruction and instructor-led modes of function are possible. The first five programs, based on simulations of specific cardiology problems, were distributed to four medical centers. Questionnaires evaluated technical function and medical student opinions, while behaviors and scores were automatically tracked and tabulated by program administration software. RESULTS: The MCAI system functioned reliably and accurately in all modes and at all sites. The programs were highly rated. Student ratings, scores, and behaviors were independent of institution and mode of use. CONCLUSION: A multicenter educational consortium developed a system to produce unique, sophisticated MCAI programs in cardiology. Both system and programs functioned reliably at four institutions and were highly rated by fourth-year medical students. With this enthusiastic reception, the economies and strengths associated with MCAI make it an attractive solution to a number of problem areas, and it will likely play an increasingly important role.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1994

An object-oriented tool for the generation and management of multimedia patient folders.

Computer-based patient folders are evolving from the simple reproduction of traditional paper documents toward active tools, able to support the whole diagnostic and therapeutic process. The advent of multimediality has given emphasys to the idea of computerized folder, i.e. a collection of heterogeneous kinds of documents pertaining different media. In this paper we present a tool implementing generation and management of multimedia patient folders showing its architecture and functionalities and the innovative interaction paradigms adopted. The tool realized allows medical users to choose the concepts desired in their target application and generates a customized patient folder management system by means of a friendly interface and without the need of a programming language. The system automatically created can be effectively employed for reporting and storing clinical cases.

Computer Systems↗