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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A case of all-trans retinoic acid-induced myositis in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

The use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is now standard therapy for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML). There have been increasing reports of ATRA-induced myositis, with its frequent association with retinoic acid syndrome and Sweet's syndrome. We report a case of a young man with APML who developed ATRA-induced myositis characterized by unexplained fevers, bilateral leg swelling and a non-painful purpuric, petechial rash, with prompt resolution of symptoms and signs with high-dose steroids and cessation of ATRA. Rapid recognition of this adverse reaction and prompt institution of steroids is of prime importance given its potentially fatal course.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mast cell myositis: a new feature of allergic asthma?

There is some evidence that, in asthma, mast cells infiltrate the airway smooth muscle layer and, as a consequence, alter the functional and structural properties of myocytes. This inflammation so-called mast-cell myositis, probably contributes to both bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. Previous observations have pointed out the presence of mast cells within airway smooth muscle of atopic patients and recent data obtained in asthmatic patients demonstrate that this infiltration is more important in asthmatic patients with atopy. Although the mechanism of such a mast cell attraction remains to be fully understood, experimental data demonstrate that, upon stimulation by tryptase or cytokines, smooth muscle cells can attract mast cells through the production of TGF-beta1 or SCF. Once at the site of inflammation, activated mast cells are responsible for an important extracellular deposition of inflammatory products that may facilitate the increase in smooth muscle mass. In addition, comparison of asthmatic patients with and without atopy suggests that mast cell myositis is closely related with atopy.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Acute orbital myositis: a case report.

A case of acute orbital myositis is presented in this report. CT scanning provided an immediate diagnosis and hence institution of treatment. There was a typically rapid response to steroids. A previous presentation, prior to the advent of CT, had been misdiagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Orbital pseudotumour can be acute or chronic, and acute orbital myositis is now regarded as one of five subtypes of the former.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Inclusion body myositis in post-poliomyelitis muscular atrophy.

A 38-year-old male developed a new muscle weakness in his left thigh 35 years after having acute paralytic poliomyelitis with residual right distal leg weakness and atrophy. EMG studies showed widespread denervation in proximal and distal muscles regardless the clinical involvement. Muscle biopsy from an affected muscle showed the findings of inclusion-body myositis consisting of perivascular and interstitial mononuclear infiltration, sarcoplasmic granular inclusions with membranous whorls and typical filamentous inclusions in several myonuclei. This raises the possibility of inclusion body myositis in other cases of progressive post-poliomyelitis muscular atrophy, especially those with perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells in the muscle biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultrastructural finding of vascular degeneration in myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans).

A case of myositis ossificans circumscripta (fibrodysplasia ossificans) of the masseter muscle has been studied ultrastructurally. It showed atrophy of muscle fibres with deranged myofilaments, adjacent to dense fibrous tissue, osteoid and bone. A large number of the cells found in the dense fibrous tissue showed vacuolation and separation of membrane bound vesicles similar to matrix vesicles released by chondroblasts and osteoblasts during calcification. It is possible that, as in normal calcification of bone, these vesicles are responsible for initiating calcification in the ectopic bone found in the present condition. It was also shown that most of the blood vessel found in the blocks examined exhibited various degrees of degenerative changes. The finding of arterial occlusion together with capillary degeneration suggests that the main changes in myositis ossificans circumscripta may be those affecting blood vessels leading to ischaemic muscle atrophy. The fibrosis and ossification that follow are probably secondary changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bone formation in experimental myositis ossificans. Light and electron microscopy study.

The development of ectopic ossification in experimental myositis ossificans of the rabbit thigh was studied. The right hind limb of 25 rabbits was immobilized with the knee in extension. Once a day the limb was passively mobilized for 2-3 minutes. The animals were killed 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after the beginning of the experiment. Specimens for light and electron microscopy were obtained from both hind limbs. Extensive necrosis and fibrosis were observed in the right vastus intermedius muscle during the first week. Proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts with newly formed woven bone and cartilage formation were found in the periosteum within 7 and 14 days after the beginning of the experiment. Intensive enchondral ossification and hard calcified tissue were observed later. It was evident that bone formation in this experimental model started in the periosteum after necrosis of the adjacent skeletal muscle. Therefore the temporal and spatial relationship of traumatic changes in the periosteum and muscle seems important for the development of myositis ossificans.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Macrophages in trauma-induced myositis ossificans.

The basic cellular mechanisms of different forms of myositis ossificans are poorly known. In the current experiment the nature of the early (24-168 h) inflammatory cell reaction preceding trauma-induced myositis ossificans was studied. New bone formation was induced in the vastus intermedius region of the rabbit quadriceps muscle by means of immobilization and daily passive mobilization. Before the start of treatment, a cell harvesting device (viscose cellulose sponge in a silastic tube) was implanted in the region of interest. The opposite intermedius muscle and a standardized surgical skin wound served as the control sites. The results showed a significantly prolonged invasion of macrophages into the ossifying intermedius muscle as compared with the control intermedius muscle. It is hypothesized that microinjury and subsequent muscle necrosis cause the invasion of macrophages, and these cells respond to the conditions of the traumatized muscle under passive mobilization by releasing osteogenic growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Direct evidence for a chronic CD8+-T-cell-mediated immune reaction to tax within the muscle of a human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1-infected patient with sporadic inclusion body myositis.

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection can lead to the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), concomitantly with or without other inflammatory disorders such as myositis. These pathologies are considered immune-mediated diseases, and it is assumed that migration within tissues of both HTLV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells and anti-HTLV-1 cytotoxic T cells represents a pivotal event. However, although HTLV-1-infected T cells were found in inflamed lesions, the antigenic specificity of coinfiltrated CD8(+) T cells remains to be determined. In this study, we performed both ex vivo and in situ analyses using muscle biopsies obtained from an HTLV-1-infected patient with HAM/TSP and sporadic inclusion body myositis. We found that both HTLV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells directed to the dominant Tax antigen can be amplified from muscle cell cultures. Moreover, we were able to detect in two successive muscle biopsies both tax mRNA-positive mononuclear cells and T cells recognized by the Tax11-19/HLA-A*02 tetramer and positive for perforin. These findings provide the first direct demonstration that anti-Tax cytotoxic T cells are chronically recruited within inflamed tissues of an HTLV-1 infected patient, which validates the cytotoxic immune reaction model for the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated inflammatory disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A case of streptococcal myositis (misdiagnosed as hamstring injury).

Streptococcal myositis is a very rare bacterial infection of muscle with a high mortality. Diagnosis is difficult because of the paucity of clinical signs and symptoms at the onset. However, presentation of the disease appears to have changed over the last 50 years. A case of streptococcal myositis is presented (misdiagnosed as hamstring injury), which more closely reflects the current presentation of the disease. Some of the features that may help emergency clinicians to recognise the onset of the condition are highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dysphagia in inclusion body myositis.

Four elderly patients with inclusion body myositis and dysphagia are described. Dysphagia was the presenting symptom in three, preceding generalised weakness by 1.5 to 7 years. Myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle improved the symptoms and signs in 3 of the 4 patients. It is suggested that inclusion body myositis is not an infrequent cause of dysphagia in elderly people, and is amenable to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Focal myositis: an unusual cause of bilateral upper eyelid swellings.

Focal myositis is considered a rare self-limiting inflammatory swelling of skeletal muscle. Focal involvement of individual muscle or muscle groups with severe myopathic and inflammatory changes characterizes the histology. We report the development of progressive focal myositis in both upper eyelids of a 34 year old man that responded to immunosuppressive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Myositis due to cholesterol emboli.

Myositis due to spontaneous cholesterol embolization is uncommon and usually associated with cutaneous abnormalities at presentation. A case of myositis due to cholesterol emboli is reported. The patient presented with painful weak legs, and the diagnosis was confirmed by muscle biopsy.

Aortography↗
PubMed1983

Myositis ossificans circumscripta: computed tomographic diagnosis.

Computed tomography was performed in five patients with myositis ossificans circumscripta. In three cases, and possibly four, CT scans obtained during the active stage of the pathologic process demonstrated findings that in general corresponded to the "zone phenomenon" seen on histology, although a distinct peripheral ring of ossification was not always present. In these patients, CT was useful in limiting the differential diagnosis and obviating surgery. In the fifth patient, with long-standing myositis ossificans, CT showed complete ossification indicative of the mature phase of the pathologic process and was helpful in planning surgical resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Circulating autoantibody to muscle protein in a patient with paraneoplastic myositis and colon cancer.

A muscle-specific autoantibody was found in a patient with paraneoplastic myositis and colon cancer. By immunoblotting, we found high titers of circulating antibody to a 34-kDa neutral protein in the soluble sarcoplasmic fraction of the rat skeletal muscle. The serum did not react at all with other tissue extracts including the central nervous tissue, liver, or kidney. The possible role of this muscle-specific autoantibody in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic myositis is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Gastrocnemius myositis in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.

A young woman with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease presented with a tender left gastrocnemius myositis in association with an exacerbation of her disease. Muscle biopsy showed a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate and atrophic muscle fibres, but no granulomata or vasculitis, and her symptoms responded to high-dose steroids. Twelve months later she underwent subtotal colectomy for troublesome symptoms and incidentally was discovered to have an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Myositis without granulomata has not been reported previously in either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗