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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Expression of Cdx-2 homeobox gene in intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 genes are intestinal transcription factors that may be involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. The Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 are expressed in the epithelium of the small intestine and colon but not in the normal epithelium of the esophagus and stomach. Conversely, aberrant Cdx-2 expression is often observed in the esophagus and stomach. We investigated the expression and role of Cdx-2 in intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The gastric tissues obtained endoscopically were analyzed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and histology. The Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 mRNA expression was confirmed and analyzed according to updated Sydney classification. Then, immunohistochemical study with monoclonal anti-Cdx-2 antibody was performed with gastric adenocarcinoma obtained by surgical resection. RESULTS: The prevalence of Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in mucosa with intestinal metaplasia than mucosa without intestinal metaplasia. In immunohistochemical study, nuclear staining of Cdx-2 was strong in metaplastic mucosa, but weak in adjacent normal gastric mucosa (p<0.001). The expression of Cdx-2 in gastric adenocarcinoma was lower than in metaplastic mucosa (p<0.001). The Cdx-2 expression was also detected in 97% of intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma and 61.5% of diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of Cdx-2 is observed in intestinal metaplasia and a subset of gastric adenocarcinoma, which is predominant in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, Cdx-2 may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, especially in intestinal type adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Squamous cell metaplasia in the rectum: a case report and review of the medical literature.

Squamous cell metaplasia of colorectal epithelium is very rare. There have been only 29 cases previously reported in the English language medical literature. The cause and consequences of squamous cell metaplasia in the colorectum are unknown. We encountered a patient with squamous cell metaplasia in rectum who have had a curious history for more than 20 years. This case may be useful in attempting to understand the pathogenesis of squamous cell metaplasia in colorectum.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and esophageal intestinal metaplasia: preliminary observations].

The aim of this preliminary study conducted in a few cases was the retrospective evaluation of the effects of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication on oesophageal intestinal metaplasia. Seventy-seven patients with hiatal hernia underwent digital videofluorography, endoscopy with biopsies, motility studies and 24-h oesophageal pH-monitoring. On the basis of the results of the diagnostic procedures and considering the patients' ages and response to proton-pump inhibitor treatment, 8 patients underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; in 5 cases intestinal metaplasia was present at histopathological examination. Two of these had Barrett's oesophagus at endoscopy and intestinal metaplasia was associated with low-grade dysplasia in both at histology; the other 3 did not present a columnar mucosa at endoscopy and 1 had low-grade dysplasia. In all 5 patients, at 1 year postoperative histopathological control, disappearance or decrease of metaplastic epithelium and regression of dysplasia were noted, with excellent results in terms of reflux symptoms at clinical control. On the basis of these preliminary data, it is our opinion that antireflux surgery is not only a suitable treatment in the management of Barrett's oesophagus but also has a favourable effect on intestinal metaplasia regression when a normal oesophageal mucosa is present.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with drug for treatment of intestinal metaplasia of chronic atrophic gastritis].

OBJECTIVE: To search for an effective method for treatment of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa in the patient of chronic atrophic gastritis. METHODS: Fifty-one cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 26) and a control group (n = 25). The treatment group were treated with acupuncture at main acupoints: Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), Gongsun (SP 4), and oral administration of modified Sijunzi Decoction, and the control group with the modified Sijunzi Decoction. After treatment for 3 months, clinical symptoms, results of gastroscopy and pathological changes of gastric mucosa were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in improvement of the clinical symptoms between the two groups (P > 0.05); the total effective rate of 88.46% for gastroscopy in the treatment group was better than 64.00% in the control group (P < 0.05); and the total effective rate of 84.62% for pathological improvement of intestinal metaplasia in the treatment group was superior to 64.00% in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with Chinese drug is a better therapy for intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa in the patient of chronic atrophic gastritis.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed2006

[Case of clear cell hidradenoma with mucinous metaplasia in the forehead--immunohistochemical analysis of the mucin].

Mucinous metaplasia rarely develops in the non-neoplastic skin or its appendages, and almost exclusively confined to the genitalia, palms and soles. Similarly, mucinous metaplasia is quite uncommon in the cutaneous neoplasms and only few cases of clear cell hidradenomas and squamous cell carcinomas with mucinous metaplasia have been reported in the literature. Here we report a new case of clear cell hidradenoma with mucinous metaplasia in the forehead. Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed MUC5AC in the mucinous metaplastic cells of this tumor as in the extramammary Paget's disease, and expression of this gastric foveolar epithelial mucin core protein in these two neoplastic conditions seem to related to their common apocrine origin.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in gastric ulcer and its tissue repair.

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in gastric ulcers and their tissue repair in 223 patients with 236 gastric ulcers found endoscopically and treated with H2 blockers. The average duration of follow-up for the men was 32.4 months (range, 12-87 months) and for the women 42.5 months (range, 12-88 months). In 112 patients (50.2%) with 118 gastric ulcers, intestinal metaplasia in the different types was observed. The data obtained allow us to state that severe dysplasia and gastric cancer can occur only in a restricted number of patients with intestinal metaplasia in gastric ulcers and/or gastric ulcer tissue repair (two in our study, more than 60 yr old), and only in the forms with sulphomucins, more precisely type III. In relation to the fact that gastric ulcers rarely become carcinoma, the intestinal metaplasia frequently observed should not be considered "precancerous", as such, but could become so in the presence of several factors which, excluding age, did not emerge from our study.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Different types of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer: a clinico-endoscopic follow-up of 112 cases].

The expression of 9 tumor-associated antigens (MG7-, MGd1-, MC3-corresponding antigens and CEA, P21ras, sialoglycoprotein, CA19-9-like, sialo-Tn and Lea-like antigens) were investigated on biopsy specimens with different types of intestinal metaplasia (types I, II and III) taken from 112 patients with benign gastric conditions. The incidences of positive staining for all antigens but P21ras in type III intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher than those in types I and II (P less than 0.05-0.001). These 112 patients with intestinal metaplasia were clinico-endoscopic followed-up for 15-70 months. Five of them were found to develop gastric carcinoma within 25-60 months with a cancer detection rate of 4.5%. All the five malignancies were detected in patients with type III (16.1%), none was found in those with types I and II, these differences were significant (P less than 0.05-0.01). Our results indicate that type III intestinal metaplasia has a higher potentiality to evolve to malignancy and that MG7, MGd1, MC3, CEA, CA19-9-like and sialo-Tn antigens are valuable tumor markers in defining the high-risk group of gastric cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

[The presence of HPV DNA in squamous metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix].

HPV DNA was detected in 11% (4/36) of cervical squamous metaplasia, 43% (6/14) of mild dysplasia, 39% (7/18) of moderate dysplasia, 50% (7/14) of severe dysplasia and 50% (7/14) of CIS. The incidence of HPV16 DNA increased with the severity of dysplasia through CIS. It was distributed almost evenly in the nuclei of the total epithelial layers in severe dysplasia and CIS. Especially in CIS, HPV DNA was found significantly in the nuclei of both basal and parabasal cells, suggesting the possibility of involvement in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. The presence of HPV DNA in squamous metaplasia (36 cases) was investigated in three different pathological situations. Group 1 was squamous metaplasia in squamo-columnar junction; Group 2 in the polyp; and Group 3 accompanied by dysplasia or CIS. HPV DNA was positive only in squamous metaplasias with polyps. In these HPV DNA positive cases, HPV DNA was distributed not only in the metaplastic lesion, but also in the adjacent stromal lesion.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori in gastro-duodenal diseases, with special reference to endoscopic diagnosis, histological inflammatory grading, and intestinal metaplasia].

To investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter pylori (CP) and its association with histological inflammatory grading and intestinal metaplasia, biopsies were carried out in 388 patients with gastro-duodenal diseases from 2 sites in the stomach (body and antrum). In each case, 3 biopsy specimens were taken from each site for culture, acridine orange stain and urease test. CP was detected in 55% of 22 endoscopically normal patients, in 47% of 17 gastric cancer patients, in 73% of 205 gastritis patients in 91% of 99 gastric ulcer patients and in 100% of 45 duodenal ulcer patients. In gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer patients, CP detection rate was significantly higher than in endoscopically normal patients (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in CP detection rate irrespective of ulcer stage (active, healing or scar). According to the histological gradings of inflammation (Warren's criteria), CP was detected in only 3% in grade 0-I, 20% in grade II and 83% in grade III. It was found that a close association between CP and histological gastritis with polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration exists (p less than 0.001). In a few cases, CP was found even in the areas of intestinal metaplasia. But the number of CP in the areas of intestinal metaplasia were fewer than in the areas of surrounding inflamed gastric mucosa. In most cases, CP was not seen in the areas of intestinal metaplasia, but was found in the areas of surrounding inflamed gastric mucosa in the same biopsy specimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A method for the quantitation of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach by morphometry.

A novel method to quantitate the extent of intestinal metaplasia in gastrectomy specimens is presented. Morphometric measurements of histochemically labeled mucin-producing goblet cells were done in three selected gastrectomies (one having a peptic ulcer, one with adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type, and one with adenocarcinoma of the diffuse type). The sectioning of the gastrectomy specimens was standardized. The results indicated that the intestinal metaplasia was significantly higher in the specimen with adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type (as compared to the other two specimens), both along the lesser and greater curvatures as well as in the fundic area. These quantitative results confirm nonquantitative reports based on subjective visual impressions. This quantitative histochemical method for measuring the actual length as well as the topographical distribution of intestinal metaplasia in resected stomachs will be used in future studies of intestinal metaplasia with the aim of disclosing possible differences among populations with disparate incidences of gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Inhibitory effect of prolonged oral administration of cetraxate hydrochloride on experimentally-induced intestinal metaplasia in Wistar rats.

The effect of cetraxate hydrochloride (Neuer) on the induction of intestinal metaplasia by intragastric instillation of 5% NaOH solution was investigated in Wistar rats. Oral administration of cetraxate, beginning 2 days after NaOH treatment, resulted in a significant increase in antral mucosal blood flow and a significant reduction in the incidence and amount of intestinal metaplasia in experimental week 25, but no significant changes in basal acid secretion or antral mucosal pH. On histological examination, goblet cell metaplasia were frequently seen. These results show that the increased gastric blood flow produced by cetraxate hydrochloride may be associated with the suppression of induction of intestinal metaplasias.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between gastric tumorigenesis and intestinal metaplasia in rats given x-radiation and/or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The influence of x-radiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [(MNNG) CAS: 70-25-7] on intestinal metaplasia and gastric tumorigenesis was examined in 5-week-old male Crj:CD(SD) rats. The animals were treated either with two 10-Gy fractions of x-rays separated by 3 days for a total of 20 Gy to the gastric region and/or with MNNG orally for 4 months. Simultaneous treatment with x-rays and MNNG (group II) and MNNG only (group IV) induced gastric tumors in the majority of the animals. Sequential treatment with x-radiation and MNNG, either x-ray 2 months prior to MNNG (group I) or MNNG 2 months prior to x-ray (group III), resulted in a lower incidence of gastric tumors as compared with the incidence after treatment with MNNG alone. The frequencies of intestinal metaplasia in the x-irradiated groups (groups I and V) were significantly higher than those in group II, III, or IV. The incidence of intestinal metaplasia and of gastric tumor was inversely proportional. These results indicate that intestinal metaplasia does not play a role in the induction of gastric tumors by MNNG.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. I: Quantitative analysis in gastric peptic ulcer and in incipient adenocarcinoma in Japanese subjects.

A novel method of quantitation of the extent of intestinal metaplasia (IM) was applied to 50 resected stomachs from Japanese subjects; 25 with peptic gastric ulcer, 25 with incipient adenocarcinoma. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in incipient adenocarcinomas than in peptic ulcers; the total length of the gastric mucosa analyzed being similar in the two groups. The intestinal metaplasia index (IMI; i.e. the ratio between IM and the length of the gastric mucosa analyzed) in incipient adenocarcinomas was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in gastric ulcers. In incipient adenocarcinomas, the IMI decreased significantly (p. less than 0.001) from lesser towards greater curvature. In peptic ulcers, the decrease was less abrupt. In 12 of the 25 specimens, the incipient adenocarcinoma was classified as intestinal type, and in the remaining 13 specimens as diffuse type. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.01) in specimens with intestinal type adenocarcinoma than in specimens with diffuse type; the total length of the gastric mucosa investigated being similar in the two groups. The IMI was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in specimens containing intestinal type adenocarcinoma as compared to those with diffuse type adenocarcinoma. This was valid for the lesser curvature, for the mucosa adjacent to the lesser curvature, and for the mucosa by the greater curvature. From the results, it is apparent that intestinal metaplasia is a widely occurring phenomenon not only in specimens with intestinal type incipient adenocarcinoma or with diffuse type incipient adenocarcinoma, but also with benign peptic ulcer. The difference resides in that the metaplastic mucosa is more universally distributed in specimens with incipient intestinal adenocarcinomas (provided that longitudinal mucosal areas are considered in the comparison). The quantitative method herein reported will be applied in the future to compare the extent and distribution of intestinal metaplasia in gastric specimens from various geographical regions having disparate incidences of gastric ulcers and carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Activity of lactic dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme in intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa, early and advanced gastric carcinoma].

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzyme in the serum, gastric juice and mucosal tissue were studied in 83 patients with severe intestinal metaplasia, early and advanced gastric carcinoma, ulcer and superficial gastritis. The LDH activity in these tissues was lower in superficial gastritis and ulcer than in gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia, while their isoenzyme activity was nearly normal. The LDH activity in the intestinal metaplasia was near to that in gastric carcinoma and its isoenzyme was transformed from H into M fraction, similar to gastric carcinoma. Thus, the relation between gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia is reflected in the LDH activity. Because the differentiation of benign from malignant gastric disease by means of LDH assay is difficult and its isoenzyme possessing an individual characteristic distribution, this method may only be auxiliary in the differential diagnosis.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1979

[Intestinal metaplasia in glandular and cystic formations and human urothelial adenocarcinoma].

Thirteen cases of inflammatory changes in the urothelium with formation of glandular and cystous structures, 3 cases of glandular metaplasia in transitional cell carcinoma and 8 adenocarcinomas were examined. In inflammation, initial glandular and cystic structures have signs of somehow incompleted metaplasia of the intestinal type. In advanced glandular structures metaplasia is completed and urothelium acquires similarity in the structure and properties of the produced mucus with the large intestine epithelium (numerous goblet, cylindrical limbic and non-differentiated cells, prevalence of argentaffinic cells over argirophilic, lack of Panet cells, secretion of sulfomucines). In loci of glandular metaplasia of transitional cell carcinoma there are also signs of somehow incompleted intestinal differentiation. Most typical variants of urothelial adenocarcinoma are quite similar to glandular carcinoma by the structure and properties of the produced mucus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[A case of carcinoma of the breast with squamous and cartilaginous metaplasia].

A 40 year-old female underwent mastectomy for a rapidly growing left breast mass. Histologically, the tumor was composed of invasive ductal carcinoma with squamous metaplasia, a cartilaginous component and a pleomorphic sarcoma-like component. In each histologic feature, gradual transition was recognized. A diagnosis of carcinoma with metaplasia (squamous and cartilaginous type) of the breast was made. The cartilaginous component in this case is probably the result of direct cartilaginous metaplasia of carcinoma cells and cartilaginous metaplasia followed upon carcinoma cells into small undifferentiated tumor cells and pleomorphic sarcomatous cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Recent advances in research on the intestinal metaplasia of the stomach].

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is classified into two types, complete and incomplete, by enzymatical, mucin histochemical and histological differences. Complete type resembles the small intestine while incomplete type does not. But, even complete type differs from the small intestine from the point of cytological observations. Vascular structures of the metaplastic mucosa are different from those in the mucosae of stomach, small and large intestines. Focal intestinal metaplasia can be induced in rats by a gastric carcinogen, N-propyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or regeneration after ulceration with 0.5 NaOH. There is no solid evidence that intestinal metaplasia is a precancerous change of the stomach. However, the patients with extensive intestinal metaplasia of the stomach belong to the high risk group for the gastric cancer. Therefore, careful follow-up studies are needed for these patients using endoscopy by dye-staining method.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ethanol potentiates squamous metaplasia of the rat trachea caused by vitamin A deficiency.

The effect of ethanol consumption on the development of squamous metaplasia of the trachea caused by vitamin A deficiency was studied in rats fed for 8-14 weeks with either normal vitamin A-containing diets or diets lacking vitamin A. Littermates were pair-fed the same diets with carbohydrates (36% of energy) replaced by ethanol. In rats fed the normal vitamin A diet with or without ethanol the tracheal mucosa was lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; no squamous metaplasia was observed. Serum vitamin A was normal in both groups. Squamous metaplasia was noted in 4 of 7 rats fed the vitamin A-free diet and in 6 of 7 animals fed the vitamin A-free diet plus ethanol; the lesions were present in 48 and 68% of all the sections, respectively. Furthermore, the most severe lesions were seen only in the vitamin A-free diet plus ethanol group. Serum vitamin A was low in both groups. Ethanol consumption also results in lysosomal and ciliary abnormalities in the ciliated cells of the tracheal epithelia that were not as yet involved in the formation of squamous metaplasia. Thus, these synergistic effects of vitamin A deficiency and ethanol could contribute to the enhanced incidence of respiratory cancer seen in the alcoholic.

Animals↗