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PubMed1996

Self-reported sexual interest in children: sex differences and psychosocial correlates in a university sample.

A sample of 180 female and 99 male university students were surveyed regarding their sexual interest in children. Males reported sexual attraction to at least one child more often than did females (n = 22 [22.2%] and n = 5 [2.8%], respectively). Both males and females reported very low rates of sexual fantasies about children, masturbation to such fantasies, or potential likelihood of sexual contact with a child. Males' sexual attraction to children was associated with lower self-esteem, greater sexual conflicts, more sexual impulsivity, lower scores on the Socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory, greater use of pornography depicting consenting adult sex, and more self-reported difficulty attracting age-appropriate sexual partners. Childhood victimization history and attitudes supporting sexual aggression did not discriminate self-reported sexual attraction to children.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prostatodynia in United Nations peacekeeping forces in Haiti.

Prostatodynia is a clinical entity associated with voiding symptoms and pelvic pain suggestive of prostatitis but with a normal prostate examination and without evidence of inflammation or infection in expressed prostatic secretions. The problem tends to be chronic and is vexing in its management. Although thought to be a common condition, prevalence data are generally lacking. From June to October 1995, the U.S. Army's 86th Combat Support Hospital provided medical support to a multinational United Nations peacekeeping force in Haiti. Patients diagnosed with prostatodynia were more common (13 cases) than men with other urologic problems (urolithiasis, 6 cases; urinary tract infection, 6 cases; scrotal abscess/mass, 2 cases; epididymitis, 1 case). Patients tended to be young (mean age 29.8), had multiple visits, failed to respond to multiple courses of antibiotics for presumed "prostatitis," and denied recent sexual relations. Some patients reported having had similar symptoms on prolonged separation from their spouses in the past that resolved with resumption of normal intercourse. Masturbation, however, had no impact on symptoms and was painful in some individuals. Terazosin, an alpha-antagonist, and stress-reduction therapy led to improvement in some patients' symptoms. A discussion of these retrospective findings in light of what is known about the possible etiologies and treatment of prostatodynia is presented. Prostatodynia appears to be a common problem in deployed troops and can lead to frequent use of medical services. Physicians supporting long deployments need to be aware of this entity.

Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Masturbatory guilt and sexual dysfunction.

Anxiety arising from masturbatory guilt plays a major role in the production of frigidity and impotence. Reduction of this anxiety through greater community awareness of the normality of masturbation is therefore a fertile area for the principles of preventive medicine to be applied.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1998

[Youth studying at universities: their sexual and reproductive health].

OBJECTIVE: We intend to know the sexual and contraceptive behaviours of the youth. DESIGN: Transverse descriptive study based on a structured, anonymous and self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: South University of Galician (Ourense Campus). PARTICIPANTS: 304 universities of 1st course, in 1996-1997, that were selected at random according to studies that they were making. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: We analyse the age, sex and sexual and contraceptive behaviour, with the statistic programme SPSS. The 63.49% is women and the average age is 19.46 +/- 1.55 years. The 51.77% began to masturbate between the 11 and 14 years, and they do it of 1 at 2 times/week. The 2.34% and the 4.09% have homosexual and bisexual experiences, respectively. The 57.4% hasn't began the coitus. The 56.15% of whom had sexual experience it was begun between the 17 and 19 years. CONCLUSIONS: Through individual/couple consultation and/or work in little groups, is necessary to make Sexual Health Promotion and Sexual Risk Prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Percutaneous sperm retrieval for ICSI procedures in men with obstructive azoospermia: ICSI-PESA and ICSI-TESE micromanipulation: our experience].

OBJECTIVES: The sperm retrieval for ICSI procedures is possibly using following procedures: ejaculate sperm, epididymal sperm obtained by microsurgical aspiration or percutaneous puncture and testicular sperm that are obtained by surgical excision or percutaneous biopsy. Percutaneous techniques seem to be rather simple and effective procedures. DESIGN: The authors present their own experiences with percutaneous sperm retrieval for micromanipulation ICSI from the epididymis (ICSI-PESA) and from the testicular tissue (ICSI-TESE) in men with obstructive azoospermia and with reactive impotence. First time in Poland ICSI-PESA was done on April 11, 1996 in Private Infertility Center "Novum", Warsaw. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 1996 to the end of January 1998, 10 ICSI-PESA procedures (in 9 couples) and 8 ICSI-TESE (in 6 couples) were performed. In one case ICSI-PESA was performed in man with psychological inability of masturbation during his wife's IVF protocol. All procedures were performed as the day case urology, under general anesthesia. The fine needles No 6 in PESA or biopsy needle from Hepafix Set B. Braun in TESE were used. The therapy of antibiotic and common analgesic drug was used routinely after puncture. RESULTS: The effectiveness of obtaining sperm for micromanipulation were 100% ICSI-PESA and 75% ICSI-TESE. The pregnancy rate in PESA was 50% and 5 healthy children were born. In TESE only 1 woman (17%) was pregnant, but early spontaneous miscarriage was reported. No surgical and anesthesiological complications were noticed. CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining sperm for micromanipulation ICSI using percutaneous epididymal puncture or testicular tissue needle biopsy seems to be effective and safe for patients with obstructive azoospermia or reactive impotence.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Ejaculation frequency and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.

CONTEXT: Sexual activity has been hypothesized to play a role in the development of prostate cancer, but epidemiological data are virtually limited to case-control studies, which may be prone to bias because recall among individuals with prostate cancer could be distorted as a consequence of prostate malignancy or ongoing therapy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between ejaculation frequency, which includes sexual intercourse, nocturnal emission, and masturbation and risk of prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective study using follow-up data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (February 1, 1992, through January 31, 2000) of 29 342 US men aged 46 to 81 years, who provided information on history of ejaculation frequency on a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 and responded to follow-up questionnaires every 2 years to 2000. Ejaculation frequency was assessed by asking participants to report the average number of ejaculations they had per month during the ages of 20 to 29 years, 40 to 49 years, and during the past year (1991). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of total prostate cancer. RESULTS: During 222 426 person-years of follow-up, there were 1449 new cases of total prostate cancer, 953 organ-confined cases, and 147 advanced cases of prostate cancer. Most categories of ejaculation frequency were unrelated to risk of prostate cancer. However, high ejaculation frequency was related to decreased risk of total prostate cancer. The multivariate relative risks for men reporting 21 or more ejaculations per month compared with men reporting 4 to 7 ejaculations per month at ages 20 to 29 years were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.10); ages 40 to 49 years, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.86); previous year, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.88); and averaged across a lifetime, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51-0.89). Similar associations were observed for organ-confined prostate cancer. Ejaculation frequency was not statistically significantly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ejaculation frequency is not related to increased risk of prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cryopreservation of semen from pubertal boys with cancer.

BACKGROUND: The possibility of cryopreservation of semen from adolescents has until now received only little attention. Therefore, we have investigated the possibility of cryopreservation of semen in adolescent boys with cancer. PROCEDURE: Forty-five boys, aged 13-18 years, admitted because of cancer during the period January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1998 were eligible. Semen was obtained after masturbation in the majority of the cases. In three boys, semen was preserved after penile vibration or electroejaculation in general anaesthesia. The semen samples were analysed for concentration, motility, and morphology according to the WHO guidelines. The sample was transferred into straws prior to cryopreservation at 196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS: Twenty-one boys delivered a semen sample for cryopreservation. Four boys were offered and accepted sperm banking but were not able to produce a sample. In 20 cases time did not allow an attempt of sperm banking, the boy was not assessed to be mature enough to deliver a semen sample, or the procedure was not accepted. The boys delivered 1-3 samples, and the total number of spermatozoa ranged from 0-210 millions. Median percentage of motile sperm was 50% (range 9-86%). Semen quality improved with age; however, a 13- year- old boy produced 75 million spermatozoa with 38% motile cells. CONCLUSIONS: Pubertal maturation should be assessed in all boys admitted for cancer, and the possibility of sperm banking should be discussed with the patient and his parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sexual dysfunction and treatment for early stage cervical cancer.

Assessment of sexual frequency, function, and behavior, as well as martial happiness and psychological distress was performed for 61 women with early stage, invasive cervical cancer at the time of diagnosis. Cancer treatment was radical hysterectomy alone for 26 women and radiotherapy with or without surgery for 37. Followups took place at 6 and 12 months after cancer therapy. Women's sexual satisfaction, capacity for orgasm, and frequency of masturbation remained stable, whereas frequency of sexual activity with a partner and range of sexual practices decreased significantly by one year. Women who received irradiation with or without surgery resembled women who underwent radical hysterectomy alone at 6 months. By one year, however, the radiotherapy group had developed dyspareunia, which was reflected in gynecologist ratings at pelvic examination. The women receiving radiotherapy also had more problems with sexual desire and arousal, and were less likely to resume several daily life activities. Cancer treatment modality was not related to marital happiness or stability, however.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Survey of occupational therapy students' attitudes towards sexual issues in clinical practice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of comfort of 340 occupational therapy students during clinical interactions that have sexual implications. Participants completed the Comfort Scale Questionnaire to indicate their anticipated level of comfort. More than half of the students anticipated that they would not feel comfortable in dealing with sexual issues. The three items that students indicated as being most uncomfortable with were 'Walking in on a patient/client who is masturbating' (91.7%), 'Dealing with a patient/client who makes an overt sexual remark' (82.1%) and 'Dealing with a patient/client who makes a covert sexual remark' (77.2%). The three items which students felt relatively comfortable with were 'Homosexual male' (26.4%), '14-year-old female seeking contraception' (26.4%) and 'Handicapped individual who is inquiring about sexual options' (33.5%). At least half the senior students believed that their educational programme had not dealt adequately with sexual issues. Further research investigating the nature and origin of discomfort in clinical settings is recommended as well as research examining the effectiveness of sexuality education in increasing comfort in dealing with sexual issues in clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of prostatic cancer in Kyoto, Japan: sexual risk factors.

A case-control study on prostatic cancer was conducted in Kyoto, Japan, from 1981-1984, including 100 patients with prostatic cancer (PC) and age, hospital, and date-of-admission matched controls of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and general hospital patients. Analysis of several sexual factors obtained through a self-administered questionnaire revealed the following observations: 1) cancer patients had fewer sex partners before marriage (relative risk, RR = 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.93) than the hospital controls; 2) they had more vigorous sexual activities in the third (RR = 2.89; 1.01-8.28) and fourth decades of life (RR = 2.26: 1.03-4.95) than hospital controls, but no significantly different sexual activities from controls in other decades; 3) they had less frequent orgasms (RR = 2.55; 1.11-5.83) than BPH controls or (RR = 4.96: 1.78-13.9) hospital controls, and sexual intercourse appeared to be less satisfactory (RR = 2.08: 1.05-4.13) than that of hospital controls; and 4) they had less frequent episodes of sexually transmitted diseases (RR = 0.36: 0.16-0.83) than BPH controls. Marital status, fertility, ejaculation, masturbation, nocturnal emission, contraceptive use, and wife's episodes of sexually transmitted disease were not linked to prostatic cancer risk.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal testicular suppression with a GnRH agonist in rhesus monkeys: effects on adult endocrine function and behavior.

Male rhesus monkeys secrete adult levels of androgen for 3 months postnatally. The role of this neonatal testicular secretion in sexual development was investigated by suppressing luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in neonatal male rhesus (n = 6) by administering a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Ag) for the first 4 months of postnatal life. Controls (n = 4) received vehicle. Six years later, endocrine function and sexual behavior were examined with ovariectomized females (n = 6) receiving periodic estradiol (E2) treatment during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. During the breeding season, there were no differences between Ag-treated and control males in levels of LH and T or in frequency of copulatory behavior. However, Ag-treated males masturbated less frequently than controls when the females were not on E2. During the nonbreeding season, Ag-treated males had lower T levels than controls when the females were not receiving E2 and copulated less when the females received E2, even though T levels were comparable. During both E2 and non-E2 treatments, Ag-treated males secreted less T per unit of LH than controls. Neonatal Ag treatment had no effect on social rank. These data demonstrate that neonatal testicular suppression, or the Ag treatment itself, altered systems regulating sexual motivation and neuroendocrine control of these males and suggest that the early neonatal period in male rhesus monkeys is another point when the developing central nervous system is sensitive to the organizing actions of androgens.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Frank A. Beach award. Homologies of animal and human sexual behaviors.

Theoretical models of animal and human sexual behavior have evolved from two very different literatures, yet they contain many common behavioral components that may reflect the action of similar neuroendocrine and neurochemical systems. The study of animal sexual behavior has been largely concerned with mechanisms that underlie the pattern of consummatory behaviors observed during copulation, behaviors that tend to be highly stereotyped, sexually differentiated, and species-specific. There are important species differences in the behavioral topography, endocrine control, and neural substrates of consummatory behaviors, which tend to be extreme when comparing animals and humans. Although this has led to an increased interest in comparative animal behavior, it has also helped to foster a general perception that animals and humans are fundamentally different. In contrast to consummatory behaviors, appetitive behaviors (which serve to bring animals and humans into contact with sexual incentives) are more flexible, less sexually differentiated, and less species-specific and span a variety of situations other than sexual interactions. Appetitive behaviors are thus viewed as "sexually specific" when they are displayed under sexual circumstances and reinforced by sexual incentives. Interestingly, an appetitive/consummatory dichotomy has emerged in the human literature which distinguishes measures of sexual desire or arousal from "performance" measures of masturbation or copulation. In fact, sexual desire, which reflects fantasy and behavioral excitement, has been further differentiated from sexual arousal, which reflects genital blood flow. The present analysis attempts to pull together these seemingly disparate literatures into a coherent theoretical framework that emphasizes similarities and differences in the structure of sexual behavior across rats and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Manifest sadomasochism of males: results of an empirical study.

Two hundred forty-five manifestly sadomasochistic West German completed an anonymous questionnaires concerning their sexual behavior and psychosocial problems. They were reached as placers of sadomasochistic contact advertisements or as members of sadomasochistic clubs. Thirty percent were exclusively heterosexually oriented, 31% bisexually oriented, and 38% homosexually oriented. Results are described with respect to the invisibility of deviant behavior, seeking of partners, participation in the subculture, realization of the deviant desires, self-acceptance, preferences for sadomasochistic roles and practices, masturbation, and coming out. The possibilities for realization of the deviance are poorer for heterosexual sadomasochists than for the other groups. However, subcultural groups exist among heterosexual sadomasochists.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of estrogen treatment on sexual behavior in male-to-female transsexuals: experimental and clinical observations.

The effects of oral estrogen treatment on sexual physiology and behavior were examined in seven presurgical male-to-female transsexuals engaged in cross-living. Subjects were studied prior to hormone treatment, during long-term hormone treatment, and during an experimental double-blind period in which the effects of their usual hormone regimen were compared to those of placebo during successive 4-week periods. Subjects maintained daily logs of their spontaneous erections, sexual activity (masturbation), and feelings throughout the study. Nocturnal penile tumescence was measured, using home monitors, in order to estimate estrogen-induced changes in erectile capacity. Erectile response to sexually arousing stimuli (erotic films and self-generated fantasy) was also assessed in the laboratory. Blood samples were taken at intervals for testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin measurements and free testosterone levels were calculated. Estrogen treatment inhibited sexual activity, spontaneous erections, and nocturnal penile tumescence. No significant effects on psychophysiological response to film and fantasy or frequency of sexual feelings were found, but the psychophysiological data were very variable. Testosterone levels were suppressed by estrogen, but not to the extent that free testosterone levels were. It appears that declining free testosterone level is associated with inhibition of spontaneous erections (during both sleep and waking) and of sexual activity, though the latter relationship is less clear. No evidence of an effect on film or fantasy-induced erections was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Personality correlates of sexual behavior in black woemn.

Black women (N = 35) were asked via questionnaires to provide information about various aspects of their sexual behavior (e.g., orgasm consistency, clitoral-vaginal preferences, intercourse frequency, and masturbation). They also responded to the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, to a measure of attitudes toward their parents, and to a measure of their preferences for external and internal sources of stimulation. The sexual behavior of the blacks was generally more similar to than different from that of female white controls. Furthermore, a number of correlations between sexual response patterns and personality and attitudinal measures that were previously found in white women were duplicated in the black women. However, there were also previous correlations that were not duplicated. Overall, the results for the black women paralleled those for white women.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1987

Correlates of fantasy-induced and film-induced male sexual arousal.

Penile circumference and subjective arousal were recorded while 66 men attempted to achieve erection by engaging in fantasy. Similar measures were taken while the same men viewed an erotic film. Not only was fantasy-induced sexual arousal relatively unrelated to film-induced sexual arousal, but the two sets of measures had different correlates. Over and above the contribution attributable to demographic and state variables, the subjects' rated level of fantasy during masturbation and their scores on the Betts QMI Scales predicted significant variance in subjective and physiological arousal. Subjects with low and high levels of fantasy-induced sexual arousal were differentiated on the basis of the vividness of their mental imagery as well as the frequency with which they used the most erotic sexual fantasies when attempting to achieve erection. In contrast to fantasy-induced arousal, film-induced arousal levels were independent of a person's capacity to form images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical follow-up of couples treated for sexual dysfunction.

The present status of 38 couples who had been treated at a clinic for sexual dysfunction 3 years previously was determined by a self-report assessment battery. The battery consisted of the Sexual Interaction Inventory, the Locke-Wallace Marriage Inventory, and the Sexual History Form completed at pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, 3 months after treatment, and at 3-year follow-up. An additional Follow-up Questionnaire was completed at the 3-year point only. At 3-year follow-up, analysis of data by diagnostic category indicated that sexual desire dysfunction for both men and women was particularly resistant to sustained behavioral change. Men with erectile difficulty reported significant improvement in their ability to maintain erections during intercourse but not in their ability to achieve erections prior to intercourse. Data from men with premature ejaculation revealed some immediate significant posttherapy gains, which, with the exception of length of foreplay, were not sustained at 3-year follow-up. For women with global inorgasmia, a significant increase in orgasmic response was reported. Data from women with situational orgasmic difficulties indicated some success in improving frequency of orgasm through masturbation and through genital caress; however, these changes did not reach statistical significance. Across all diagnostic categories, both men and women respondents reported increased satisfaction in their sexual relationship. Satisfaction in the marital relationship showed a more varied response pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexual dysfunction in male and female patients with epilepsy: a study of 86 outpatients.

Sexual dysfunction is a well-known complication of chronic somatic illness. Eighty-six consecutive epileptic outpatients, 38 men and 48 women, without accompanying disorders, were studied. The frequency and symptoms of sexual dysfunction were compared with results from previous studies using identical sexological methodology. The previous studies were of diabetic patients and healthy controls. Eight percent of the epileptic men reported a sexual dysfunction compared to 44% of the diabetics and 13% of the controls. Epileptic women, diabetic women, and controls showed no significant differences in sexual dysfunction (29%, 28%, and 25%, respectively). In both sexes, the sexual function measured by frequencies of coitus and masturbation was normal. Most patients had good control of epileptic attacks on a treatment of monotherapy. Hormonal status was generally within normal limits in both men and women; only a few minor differences were found and they showed no correlation with sexual dysfunction. Psychologically and socially the patients did not differ appreciably from normals, and they exhibited a high degree of disease acceptance. This study, using a biopsychosocial approach in understanding sexual dysfunctions, is in contrast with previous, mainly uncontrolled, studies of epileptic patients that reported high frequencies of "hyposexuality" in males. We conclude that epilepsy does not necessarily increase the risk of sexual dysfunction in male or female.

Adult↗