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PubMed1991

Supraperiosteal lifting of the upper two-thirds of the face.

This paper presents an alternative to subperiosteal lifting (mask-lift), consisting in making the dissection following the natural plane of the sub-SMAS in the upper and middle thirds of the face. It constitutes what we have called supraperiosteal lifting of the upper two-thirds of the face, or suspension of the fronto-temporo-periorbito-malar SMAS. In our experience, this technique offers certain advantages and has fewer complications than subperiosteal lifting, allowing natural and harmonious rejuvenation of the upper two-thirds of the face, leaving no sequelae other than the coronal scar which is concealed in the scalp. The article describes the surgical procedure and the results obtained, as well as its frequent association with other procedures such as blepharoplasty, modification of the orbital bone rim, malar augmentation, rhinoplasty, cervicofacial lifting etc.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The lifting stress calculator.

The Lifting Stress Calculator is a microprocessor-based device, programmed to select from a group of workers the one best suited for a specified lifting task. It also prompts this worker with the ideal position for him to lift the load in question. The concept is based on a theoretical study that deals with lifting as a total body exertion. The goal of this device is to educate the worker for better prevention of lifting injuries by minimizing the loads on the body.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

The scaling of postural adjustments during bimanual load-lifting in traumatic brain-injured adults.

Previous postural studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients have been limited to identifying deficits in static and quasi-dynamic postural control tasks such as weight shifting. In this study, we examined whether or not patients with TBI are able to scale adequately their postural adjustments during the performance of the dynamic task of bimanual load-lifting. An age matched group of healthy adults served as controls. We used the Tetrax posturography system that calculates a stability score (ST) based on fluctuations in vertical ground reaction forces, normalized for body weight. During quiet standing, the ST scores of the TBI group were significantly higher than the control group. Forward weight shift and percentage change in the vertical ground reaction forces (lift postural adjustment (LPA) and post-lift postural adjustment (PLPA) scores) linearly increased with increasing load weight in both healthy and TBI subjects. Group differences were found in the magnitude of forward weight shift but not in the relative increase of the LPA and PLPA scores during the lifting and post-lifting phases respectively. The forward weight shift of the TBI group was lower-than-normal and asymmetrical--there was significantly less forward weight shift on the more affected than on the less affected limb. In addition, a significant amplitude coupling was found between the scaling of the weight shift of the heel and forefoot of each limb. However, no coupling was found between the weight shift amplitudes of homologous parts of both limbs in the TBI group. The results showed that scaling based on prior experience was preserved in the TBI group, though some TBI subjects demonstrated absent scaling in either the more affected or less affected heel or forefoot. The differences between the normal and TBI groups in postural adjustments are not necessarily a sign of pathology; rather they may represent a deliberate choice of the central nervous system to counteract predictable disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lift-off compensation for improved accuracy in ultrasonic lamb wave velocity measurements using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs).

The crystalline texture of a sheet metal strongly affects its formability, so having knowledge of this texture is of great industrial relevance. The texture of rolled sheet metals, such as aluminium and steel, may be determined by ultrasonic measurement of the velocity of the zero order symmetric (S(0)) Lamb wave as a function of angle to the rolling direction. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) may perform this measurement without contacting the sample, therefore reducing perturbation to the plate wave system, as they are electromagnetically coupled to the sheet. The EMAT system measurements are non-destructive and may be made in real time, therefore offering advantages over the conventional techniques such as X-ray and neutron diffraction. It has been noticed that in the two EMAT pitch-catch system, the apparent arrival times of the ultrasonic waves change with variation in lift-off (distance between sample and transducer) due to impedance and aperture effects. For precise and accurate texture parameters to be obtained, accurate absolute ultrasonic velocity measurement is required and hence lift-off must be compensated for. This is of particular importance to online inspection systems where constant lift-off may be difficult to maintain. The impedance behaviour of various coil geometries has been investigated as a function of lift-off and frequency and compared to the received ultrasonic signal and the drive current pulse profile. Theoretical models have been used to explain the observed behaviour, and hence a scheme has been proposed for the compensation of lift-off effects in real time.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Lasik enhancements: a comparison of lifting to recutting the flap.

PURPOSE: To compare the visual outcomes and incidence of complications of lifting with recutting the lamellar flap in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred twelve consecutive eyes undergoing a LASIK enhancement procedure at a single surgery location during a 5-year period. METHODS: Charts of participants were obtained and outcome measures obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, complications. RESULTS: Relifting of flaps was performed in 164 of 212 eyes (77.4%), and recutting of flaps was performed in 48 of 212 eyes (22.6%). There were no significant differences in early visual outcomes between the two groups. At 1 year patients had significantly better uncorrected vision if the flap was lifted rather than recut (20/24.7 vs. 20/31.3, P < 0.008). In addition, the flap lift group had a significantly more stable refraction at 1 year than did the recut group (change in spherical equivalent: +0.05 diopters (D) vs. -0.57 D). The incidence of complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK enhancement surgery can be performed safely and effectively by either lifting or recutting a flap. Lifting the flap may show better long-term stability of refractive error and uncorrected acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Force measurements of postural sway and rapid arm lift in seated children with and without MMC.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the horizontal ground reaction forces of seated postural sway and rapid arm lift in children with and without myelomeningocele. BACKGROUND; It is unclear whether children with myelomeningocele have limited control of body posture entirely caused by the impairment in the legs or also by other dysfunction. METHODS: 11 children with myelomeningocele, 10-13 years, and 20 children without physical impairment were investigated. Data were collected by force plate measurements during quiet sitting and during rapid arm lift. The forces were expressed as the corresponding acceleration of the centre of mass. The amplitude and the frequency of the centre of mass acceleration quantified the sway. Movement time, onset and anteroposterior peak acceleration were analysed during arm lift. RESULTS: The children with myelomeningocele had a low sway frequency under both conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. The movement time was longer for these children compared to the controls. The onset of initial anteroposterior centre of mass acceleration preceded the arm lift and was directed forward in both groups. The peak centre of mass acceleration was usually directed backward. CONCLUSIONS: The control of postural sway was different in children with myelomeningocele compared to children without disabilities and this could not be explained by the cele level. The children with myelomeningocele had a slow motor performance of the seated sway and during arm lift. RELEVANCE: Slow motor performance involves functional limitations in the individual child and is important for the therapy program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

In vivo determination of condylar lift-off and screw-home in a mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty.

Twenty subjects implanted with the low-contact stress (LCS) cruciate-sacrificing, mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty underwent dynamic videofluoroscopy during in vivo weight-bearing conditions using a 3-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) interactive modeling method. Ninety percent of the subjects demonstrated significant lift-off during stance phase of gait. Condylar lift-off was present at both the medial and the lateral condyles. The maximal medial lift-off was 2.12 mm, whereas the greatest lateral lift-off was 3.53 mm. The maximal positive screw-home was 9.6 degrees, whereas the maximal negative or reverse screw-home was 6.2 degrees. The average screw-home rotation was positive 0.5 degrees. In 50% of patients, medial condylar translation was unexpectedly greater than lateral condylar motion. Condylar lift-off and screw-home motion are significant kinematic functions in this rotationally unconstrained total condylar knee arthroplasty.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2001

The Webster-type face and neck lift: an extensive cervico-facial rhytidectomy employing a minimally invasive technique.

BACKGROUND: Facelifting has incorporated a wide range of new techniques and developments over the past few decades. Many techniques employ a more aggressive surgical approach that may be advocated for seeming advantage, yet upon closer review may be unwarranted for the average patient seeking facial rejuvenation. The Webster-type face and neck lift utilizes a minimally invasive approach to thoroughly resupport the face and neck substructure and skin. This approach affords the patient excellent results while limiting untoward complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the Webster-type face and neck lift. METHODS: The Webster-type face and neck lift was utilized in 200 facelift patients. We reviewed these cases for aesthetic results and associated complications. RESULTS: The great majority of patients have been uniformly pleased with the aesthetic restoration via the Webster-type lift. Postoperative courses have been routinely uneventful and major complications have been avoided. CONCLUSION: The evolution of more invasive approaches to cervicofacial rhytidectomy has not been shown to produce consistently better or longer-lasting results. Many of these aggressive techniques have extended the operating time, heightened the potential morbidity of the operation, and prolonged the duration of convalescence. The Webster-type lift is a proven, modern approach that provides comparable and lasting results while limiting risk and avoiding serious complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The SOOF lift as an adjunct in rehabilitation of facial paralysis: help or hype?

Rehabilitation of the midface in chronic facial paralysis is one of the last frontiers in global facial reanimation. The suborbicularis oculi fat pad lift, or SOOF lift, also known as the midface lift, has been popularized in aesthetic surgery literature as a way to restore midface fullness with a youthful appearance while eliminating midface sag associated with aging. These techniques of midface aesthetic rejuvenation have recently been applied in cases of chronic facial paralysis. This article analyzes the role of the midface lift or SOOF lift in cases of facial reanimation and determines whether or not it is of benefit to patients affected by chronic facial paralysis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

[Facial wrinkles--ultrapulsed CO2 laser: alternative or supplement to surgical face lift?].

BACKGROUND: For many years, the treatment of facial wrinkles has been performed exclusively by dermabrasion, chemical peeling, or surgical face lifting. However, the recently introduced carbon dioxide lasers which emit ultrashort coherent light beams enable the cosmetic surgeon to ablate superficial epidemic layers with absent or very limited side effects. The purpose of this paper is to compare laser skin resurfacing with classical face lifting and discuss the potentials and limitations of each method. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Three patients suffering from facial wrinkles on photoaged skin were treated with the ultrapulsed CO2 laser (UltraPulse 5000 C; wavelength 10,600 nm, pulse duration 0.6 to 0.9 ms, maximum pulse energy 500 mJ). This laser guarantees vaporization of very thin superficial skin layers without scarring and with minimizing lateral thermal injury due to extreme short pulse duration. A special handpiece (CPG) permits an exact approach and a bloodless ablation of relatively large areas of facial skin. The fourth patient underwent a surgical face lift due to the depth of wrinkles. RESULTS: Excellent cosmetic results were achieved in all three patients with superficial wrinkles who were treated by laser skin resurfacing. When treating deeper wrinkles, e.g., glabella or nasolabial fold, the surgical face lift is the preferred method. CONCLUSION: Ultrapulsed CO2 laser treatment expands the therapeutic options for superficial facial wrinkles, especially for perioral, periorbital, forehead, and cheeks wrinkles. It proves to be a safe and effective method with very limited if any side effects. Nevertheless, deeper wrinkles are still a domain of the classical face lift. The combination of both methods may improve the overall outcome in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Current systematic definition and terminology of the face lifting technique].

OBJECTIVE: A more precise definition of the term "face lifting" appears to be necessary. The development of new techniques and modifications in the last decade has been the main reason for the proliferation of definitions. Nearly every author has his own terminology for describing his procedures. METHODS: Three criteria are helpful in achieving an overview. 1. The selection according to the anatomical areas of the face and the neck which have to be rejuvenated 2. The selection according to procedures, involving resection of soft tissues as opposed to techniques that solely involve soft tissue reposition, modification of facial bones, and combinations of these principles. 3. The selection according to the different layers of soft tissue or to the combination of different layers which are to be lifted. CONCLUSIONS: The terms "face lifting" and "lifting" are used synonymously in international literature. They refer to those surgical procedures which aim a achieve facial rejuvenation and a younger appearance of the neck. Definitions that refer only to a lifting of the facial skin do not correspond to the actual techniques, which often involve the surgical treatment of different soft tissue layers and sometimes facial bone. A classification is possible because some terms are used more often.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Effects of frequency and load to lift on endurance time.

The purpose of the present study was to determine endurance time for manual lifting tasks which were performed over a wide range of loads (5, 10, 15, and 20 kg) and frequencies (4, 6, 8, and 10 times/min) for a lift from floor to table height. Endurance time was defined in this study as the maximum length of time during which an individual was capable of lifting a given load at a given frequency continuously. The upper limit of endurance time was set to 8 h. Eleven male subjects participated in this study, and the lifting technique utilized with the straight back-bent knees method. The results showed that endurance time was significantly reduced with an increase in frequency or load of lift. The lightest frequency-load combination (4 times/min; 5 kg) was maintained by most of the subjects for 8 h. Conversely, the average endurance time for the heaviest frequency-load combination (10 times/min; 20 kg) was about 27 minutes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Efficiency and effectiveness of stoop and squat lifting at different frequencies.

The study investigated the effects of frequency (10 and 20 lifts/min) and technique (squat and stoop) of repetitive lifting of a barbell (19 kg) on the relationship between mean power output (Pm) and energy cost in 9 male power-lifters. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured directly and continuously and power output was deduced from film analysis using an inverse dynamic analysis. Power output and VO2 were significantly greater for squat than for stoop lifting at the same frequency. The mechanical efficiency (ME), defined as Pm divided by the energy equivalence of VO2, increased from 12% at rate 10 to 18.5% at rate 20, but there was no significant difference between the two techniques. The effectiveness (EF), defined as the productive external power output (only work done on the barbell) divided by the energy equivalence of VO2, was significantly higher for the stoop lift than for the squat lift. EF is judged as a more useful measure than ME for characterizing the relative energy cost of a lifting task.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Lifting low-lying loads in the sagittal plane.

A simple geometrical model was employed to investigate various elementary techniques during static, sagittal plane lifts. Relationships between the various joint reaction forces were deduced. In particular, it was found that it is possible to simultaneously increase (or decrease) both knee and low back forces. In terms of the total force on the low back, hip, knee, and ankle joints, vertical back lifting is generally not recommended. This is especially true when lifting low-lying objects from the ground. However, minimization of loads is not the only factor to consider when analysing the optimal technique of a certain lifting task. Several other cost functions have been previously proposed. Comparisons derived from minimizing various cost functions suggest that the minimization of the maximum necessary muscle intensity may be the most appropriate in deducing optimal load lifting configurations.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Dynamic and static lifting capacity and muscular strength of steelmill workers.

Dynamic and static strength measurements were compared respectively to maximal actual lifting and to a static lifting strength of 228 male steelmill workers. The strength tests were reasonably correlated with the lifting measurements. The dynamic strength test was the simplest, the least time consuming, revealing one to one ratio with the maximal actual lift and was not perceived as an exerting maneuver. Therefore, when matching between the job and a worker is desirable, it is suggested to use the dynamic strength test as a predictor for lifting capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Maximum weights of asymmetrical loads acceptable to industrial workers for symmetrical manual lifting.

This paper presents 'maximum acceptable weight of lift' design databases for lifting asymmetrical loads by industrial male and female workers. These databases were developed by first collecting experimental data on experienced and inexperienced workers under identical conditions (Study A) and then applying the trends developed, as a result of data comparison, to the data collected on inexperienced workers in a separate independent study (Study B) dealing with lifting asymmetrical loads. Several different task variables are accounted for in the data. These include the following: lifting height (floor to knuckle, knuckle to shoulder, and shoulder to reach); frequency of lift (2, 4, and 6 lifts/min; box-size (30.48, 45.72, and 60.96 cm long in the sagittal plane); and load asymmetry (indicated by the offset of the center of gravity in the frontal plane: 0, 12.7, and 25.4 cm from the mid-sagittal plane; the 0 cm center of gravity (c.g.) offset indicates symmetrical load).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fall lifting and long-term freezer storage of ponderosa pine seedlings: effects on post-storage leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and root growth potential.

Post-storage water relations, stomatal conductance, and root growth potential were examined in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings from high- and low-elevation seed sources that had been lifted either in October or November and freezer stored, or in March, and then grown hydroponically in a greenhouse for 31 days. Seedlings lifted in October had poor root initiation (< 17 new roots per seedling), low predawn leaf water potentials (< -1.5 MPa), and low stomatal conductance (7.10 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) compared with seedlings lifted in November or March. There was little difference in post-storage water relations and stomatal conductance between seedlings lifted in November and those lifted in March. Throughout the 31-day test, seedlings from the high-elevation seed source produced 3-9 times more new roots, had higher predawn leaf water potentials (-0.6 to -0.7 MPa versus -1.1 to -1.6 MPa), and 1.3-5 times greater stomatal conductance than seedlings from the low-elevation seed source. For all seedlings on Day 31, the number of new roots was significantly related to predawn leaf water potential (r(2) = 0.65) and stomatal conductance (r(2) = 0.82). Similarly, the dry weight of new roots per seedling on Day 31 accounted for a significant amount of the variation in predawn leaf water potential (r(2) = 0.81) and stomatal conductance (r(2) = 0.49).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Effects of rigid contact lens edge lift changes on tear pump efficiency.

The effects of rigid contact lens axial edge lift changes on corneal oxygenation and tear exchange with the blink were studied for lenses of five axial edge lifts (0.05 to 0.13 mm in 0.02-mm steps). The overall and optic zone diameters were maintained at 8.8 and 7.4 mm, respectively, and all other parameters were held constant. Oxygen uptake rates were measured for the normal open eye after 5 min of static (without blinking) and dynamic (with blinking once every 5 s) contact lens wear. As expected, no significant differences were found in the oxygen uptake rates associated with the static wear of the contact lenses; however, under dynamic conditions, increasing edge lift was associated with a reduction in oxygen demand. The differences between data obtained under static and dynamic conditions increased with increasing axial edge lift, and subjects with small palpebral aperture sizes seemed to benefit more from increasing axial edge lift.

Adult↗