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PubMed1992

The returning traveler with fever.

The febrile returning traveler tests a clinician's knowledge of tropical medicine as well as skills in differential diagnosis. A thorough history with special emphasis placed on the patient's travel itinerary and knowledge of the geographic location and incubation times of certain tropical diseases will narrow the diagnostic possibilities. This will allow the clinician to focus the diagnostic work-up and make wise choices of laboratory tests and procedures.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1979

[Evolution of viral diseases (author's transl)].

Biological characteristics of viruses determine their distribution in men and animals as well as their means of surviving or persisting. Taking measles as an example, we show that we are dealing with a recent phenomenon in evolution--as opposed, for instance, to those infections due to arboviruses (eg yellow fever) common in tropical regions. Survival rates are lower for highly virulent viruses (myxomatosis). Antigenmodification (influenza) or latency (herpes virus infections) allow the virus repeatedly to escape the body's immune system. The distribution and clinical appearance of the infections are influenced by environmental and particularly iatrogenic impact. Complete extirpation of infections will not be possible, only their manifestations will undergo continuous change.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Imported tropical virus infections in Germany.

Our routine tests for tropical viruses document that several hundreds of Dengue fever cases are imported into Germany every year. In contrast, hemorrhagic fever cases are rarely diagnosed in Germany. Our investigations suggest that this low number is due to the different living conditions of the local population in the tropics compared with that of travellers from Europe or North America. Improved methods for detecting Dengue virus infections, e.g. three different antibody tests and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of viral RNA, have been developed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

LCMV-mediated hepatitis in rhesus macaques: WE but not ARM strain activates hepatocytes and induces liver regeneration.

Lymphocytic chorimeningitis virus (LCMV), the prototype arenavirus, and Lassa virus (LASV), causative agent of Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), belong to the Old World group of the family Arenaviridae. Both viruses have extensive strain diversity and significant variations in lethality and pathogenicity for man and experimental animals. We have shown that the LHF-like infection of rhesus macaques with the WE strain of LCMV affects liver functions, induces hepatocyte proliferation, and causes a rise in IL-6 and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR) concomitant with a rise in viremia. The levels of IL-6 and sTNFR can serve as an additional diagnostic tool for liver involvement in pathogenesis of arenavirus infection. Mucosal inoculation of rhesus macaques with LCMV-WE can result in attenuated infection with a transient viremia and liver enzyme abnormalities. The ARM strain of LCMV shares 88% amino acid homology with WE. In contrast to LCMV-WE, ARM strain does not induce manifested disease in monkeys, does not affect liver functions, and does not induce hepatocyte proliferation. Previously we demonstrated that LCMV-ARM infection protected rhesus macaques challenged with LCMV-WE. Here we have shown that the protected animals have no signs of hepatitis and hepatocyte proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Aniru Conteh.

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History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1977

Containing Andromeda.

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Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1980

Lassa virus infection of rhesus monkeys: pathogenesis and treatment with ribavirin.

Rhesus monkeys were experimentally infected with Lassa virus to establish their suitability as a nonhuman primate model for the human disease and to test the protective efficacy of ribavirin, an antiviral drug. Six of 10 untreated control monkeys died after subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6.1) plaque-forming units of Lassa virus (strain Josiah). Infectivity titrations of tissue homogenates from the six dead monkeys indicated significant replication in all tissues tested except the central nervous system. This distribution of virus was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence examination of cryostat-sectioned tissues. Ribavirin was beneficial in the treatment of two groups of infected monkeys. Four monkeys first treated on the day of viral inoculation experienced only mild clinical disease; four monkeys first treated five days later experienced a more severe illness. None of the eight monkeys treated with ribavirin died. Viremia titers and elevations of levels of serum transaminases in treated monkeys were significantly lower than in controls. Ribavirin may be beneficial in the treatment of humans exposed to this life-threatening virus.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

Clustering of disease in population units: an exact test and its asymptotic version.

An exact probability test and its asymptotic version are described for testing the hypothesis that clustering of disease observed among population units is likely to have been due to chance alone. The test is based on a scheme for ranking possible arrangements of ill and well persons by degree of clustering, as measured by the sum, over all population units, of the ratio of the number of case pairs in a unit to the size of the unit. The proposed measure of clustering is attractive because increasing segregation of ill and well persons consistently results in a higher index of clustering. The power of the test seems at least as good as that of methods with less attractive clustering measures. The exact version allows analysis of clustering in a small number of population units, while the asymptotic version permits calculations based on larger samples.

Epidemiology↗