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PubMed1986

Introduction.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Demography↗
PubMed1986

Occupational and spatial mobility of temporary Mexican migrants to the U.S.: a comparative analysis.

"U.S. job and spatial mobility are compared here for recent returnee migrants from two Mexican areas--Rio Grande, Zacatecas, in the interior; and Nueva Rosita-Muzquiz, Coahuila, near the U.S. border. Results suggest that the interior migrants fit a hierarchical migrant model: they move up the urban hierarchy from U.S. rural areas to towns and cities, experiencing substantial job mobility at first, but little after reaching the urban sector. Border migrants fit a shuttle migrant model: they return to the same job and place year after year, experiencing little or no spatial and occupational mobility, although they tend to hold somewhat higher status jobs."

Americas↗
PubMed1990

Scottish emigration in the 1980s: a migration channels approach to the study of skilled international migration.

"British emigration is now dominated by skilled transient movements rather than traditional settler emigration movements. This switch requires new frameworks for migration analysis. A migration channels approach is advocated with attention focused on the roles of the internal labour markets of multi-national companies, international recruitment agencies and international skill transfers by small- and intermediate-sized companies in moulding contemporary skilled migration. The migration processes which have emerged in relation to the operation of these three channels can be differentiated in terms of migrant characteristics, the status of migration contracts and patterns of movement. The regional dimension is highlighted in this article by contrasting the experience of recent Scottish emigration with that of the South-East of England. Three data sources (the International Passenger Survey, the results of a survey questionnaire, and company case study material) are employed to illustrate the nature of Britain's main migration channels. It is argued that the three channels are responsible for a selective structuring of the British migration system."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Decree No. 1991, Regulations to the Law on Foreigners, 30 June 1986.

Among other things, these Regulations set forth rules on requirements for visas established in the Ecuador Law on Foreigners. They list the amounts of income from abroad or investments in Ecuador required of foreigners entering Ecuador with immigrant visas, documents needed by persons working permanently in enterprises and institutions under immigrant visas, and methods of proof of dependency for persons entering on immigrant visas as dependents. In this context, they provide that persons with foreign income must receive at least $1,000 per month, with an increase of 80% Ecuadorian personnel; that persons entering as workers must inform authorities of changes in work status; and that persons entering as dependents may themselves work only if their sponsor dies or the means of subsistence of the sponsor decrease. The Regulations also set forth requirements for persons entering Ecuador on nonimmigrant visas, such as refugees, students, temporary workers, religious personnel, and those in transit. With respect to refugees, the rules provide that false statements made in an application will trigger an expulsion order; that foreign nationals coming from a country other than that where they suffered persecution will not be admitted unless they were in that country in direct transit; that refugees may not leave the country without express permission; and that, if the conditions justifying asylum change, a refugee will be required to leave the country. With respect to workers, the rules provide that an applicant must show a need for a foreign worker that cannot be fulfilled by an Ecuadorian worker and must show a work contract or appointment. With respect to those in transit, the rules provide that no visa is required and that entry will be denied to those lacking permission to enter the country of destination and transit through countries bordering Ecuador that are on their route. Persons in this category may stay in Ecuador for only a limited time--usually 10 days for persons en route and three months for visitors. The Regulations also contain provisions on the modification of immigration status, including the rule that the status of those in transit may not be modified. In addition, they set forth the functions of the Consultative Council on Migration Policy. Among these is the task of promoting internal migration to sparsely populated areas of the country.

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Immigration Act 1988, 10 May 1988.

This Act amends the Immigration Act 1971 to do the following, among other things: 1) remove from the 1971 Act the obligation of immigration rules to preserve the statutory rights of Commonwealth citizens settled in the UK as of 1 January 1973, and their wives and children, to enter and remain in the UK; 2) ensure that only one polygamous wife or widow of a polygamous marriage, who otherwise would have the right of abode in the UK because of marriage, has a right to enter as long as more than one such wife or widow is living; 3) restrict the right to appeal of a person refused leave to enter to those persons who have a certificate of entitlement to the right of abode or have been granted citizenship; 4) restrict the issues to be considered on appeal of a person who has been ordered deported after less than seven years in the UK, subsequent to legal entry, to liability to deportation, in effect removing consideration of all relevant circumstances; 5) provide that any appeal against a refusal to vary leave automatically expires if a deportation order is made; 6) make the offense of overstaying one's granted period of leave to enter a continuing offense so that the statute of limitations on the offense does not apply; 7) provide that persons with the right of freedom of movement in the European Community do not need leave to enter or remain in the UK; 8) provide for the immigration examination of passengers to take place prior to arrival in the UK; 9) provide that leave to enter for six months is deemed granted after an examination if notice for granting or refusing leave is not given within 24 hours; previously the leave was indefinite in time limit and was deemed granted after 12 hours; 10) extend from two months to indefinitely the time limits within which removal directions may be given for persons refused leave to enter; and 11) authorize employment and occupation restrictions to be placed on persons given temporary admission or released on bail. The Immigration (Restricted Right of Appeal Against Deportation) (Exemption) No. 2 Order 1988 (S.I. No. 1203) makes an exception to 4) above for persons claiming asylum.

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Regional Law No. 40, 2 November 1988.

This Italian Law is designed to aid repatriated emigrants from Marche, foreign non-European Community workers, and their families. It provides subsidies for the initiation of economic activities and for residential lodging. It also makes provision for the children of emigrants to reside in Marche and for activities to maintain and protect the cultural identity of emigrants and immigrants.

Culture↗
PubMed1984

Employment predictors among Indochinese refugees.

"The influx of Indochinese refugees into the United States since 1975 has forced policy development in various resettlement areas. Considerable emphasis has been placed on employment and employment barriers. This article investigates the refugee employment process. A multivariate model is used to distinguish employed from unemployed refugees. Early arrivals, recent arrivals, and each of the four major ethnic groups are investigated separately."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Children of immigration: effects of their presence on the demographic situation in selected employment countries].

The author examines the impact of migrant workers in Europe on such demographic developments as declining fertility, population decrease, and demographic aging. Official government and U.N. data are used to contrast age distributions of migrant and native populations in selected receiving countries in Europe. "In his analysis of the impact of second-generation migrants on demographic development in the principal European employment countries, the author shows that in all of these countries the foreign population improves the age distribution of the population as a whole by way of reinforcing the weight of the younger age groups in relation to the older groups. The ageing of the national populations...is thus countered by the presence of second-generation migrants." (summary in ENG)

Age Distribution↗