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Results for “LEPTOSPIRA INFECTIONS”

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PubMed1993

Leptospirosis with acute acalculous cholecystitis and pancreatitis.

Severe Leptospira autumnalis infection was associated with acute acalculous cholecystitis and pancreatitis in a 66-year-old man. He was successfully treated with antimicrobial agents and supportive therapy, including hemodialysis. We review these uncommon manifestations and the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in advanced leptospirosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1965

USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE PREPARATION OF CANINE KIDNEY TISSUE CULTURE VACCINES TO ELIMINATE LEPTOSPIRAL INFECTION HAZARDS.

The potential leptospiral infection hazard in the use of vaccines prepared from canine kidney monolayer cultures was studied. Cell cultures were prepared from kidneys of dogs experimentally infected with Leptospira serotype canicola. Viable leptospires were found in kidney cell suspensions at the time of seeding, surviving trypsinization either at room temperature for approximately 2 hr or overnight at 4 C, even in the presence of antibiotics. In tissue cultures maintained without antibiotics, leptospires were cultured up to the time of involution of cells at 25 to 34 days of incubation. Cytopathogenic effects of leptospires on cultured kidney cells were not noted; neither was growth of leptospires remarkable. Generally, the leptospire culture titer decreased to 10(-4) or 10(-5) at the 4th hr or 1st day of incubation to 10(-1) or negative by the 30th or 34th day of incubation. The addition of either a combination of penicillin (100 units per ml) plus streptomycin (100 mug/ml) or polymyxin B (50 units per ml) plus dihydrostreptomycin (100 mug/ml) to seeding cell suspensions resulted in the elimination of viable leptospires by the 4th hr of incubation. From cell cultures treated with neomycin (100 mug/ml) or chloramphenicol (100 mug/ml), leptospires were recovered, respectively, after 24 and 48 hr, but not thereafter. It was apparent that antibiotics, particularly the combination of polymyxin B and dihydrostreptomycin, could be effectively used to eliminate leptospires in tissue culture. Other antibiotics with known antileptospiral activities probably would be effective also. If antibiotics are not used in canine kidney tissue culture employed for viral vaccine preparations, rigid testing for the presence of leptospires in donor dogs and tissue-culture vaccine is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Failure of penicillin prophylaxis in laboratory acquired leptospirosis.

A laboratory technician developed leptospirosis following accidental inoculation, despite prompt administration of parenteral penicillin by an accepted regimen of post-exposure prophylaxis. Another technician was similarly exposed and was given doxycycline; no illness or serological conversion followed. The implications of these cases are discussed and recommendations made for post-exposure chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: a study of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland.

Data collected from 365 calves dead from stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome were analysed to determine the predictive value of thyroid gland weight as an indicator of abnormality of the thyroid gland, and to examine the relationships between abnormality of the thyroid gland and other findings in the calves and also the parity of the dam. There was a significant relationship (P < 0.001) between the thyroid gland weight and bodyweight for the calves with a histologically normal thyroid gland, but there was no such relationship for calves with an abnormal thyroid gland. Only 1.1 per cent of the histologically normal thyroid glands weighed more than 30 g, indicating that there is a very high probability that glands weighing more than 30 g are abnormal. However, 76.0 per cent of moderately to severely affected glands weighed less than 30 g. The following significant differences between calves with an abnormal and those with a normal thyroid gland were established. Abnormal thyroid glands were significantly heavier (P < 0.01), constituted a significantly greater percentage of the calf's bodyweight (P < 0.01) and had a significantly lower iodine concentration (P < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland had uninflated lungs (P < 0.01), and a significantly higher proportion had pneumonia (P < 0.01). Abnormal thyroid glands were associated with a low selenium concentration in the kidneys. There were no associations between abnormalities of the thyroid gland and the parity of the dam, the presence of skeletal fractures, the weight or sex of the calf, infection with leptospira, Salmonella dublin, Bacillus species, Actinomyces pyogenes or Aspergillus species, the quantities of hepatic iron pigment, liver vitamin E concentration or serum cholesterol concentration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased erythrocyte osmotic fragility during canine leptospirosis.

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) was carried out in nineteen dogs naturally infected by Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhagi. A decreased EOF was observed, suggesting a modification of erythrocyte components secondary to disturbances that occur during canine leptospirosis, such as renal damage and hepatic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Leptospirosis in Portugal: epidemiology from 1991 to 1997.

The term leptospirosis describes a group of diseases caused by members of the order Spirochaetales, mainly the species Leptospira interrogans. Infection can be asymptomatic but disease of differing severity and clinical features (often suggestive of menin

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Analyses for neutralizing activities of immunoglobulin fractions in anti-leptospiral horse antiserum.

The 7S and 19S fraction isolated from hyperimmunized antileptospiral horse sera by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and gamma- and T-globulin fractions from the antisera by starch block electrophoresis were studied for neutralizing (leptospiricidal) activities against infection with Leptospira. The activity was determined by the intracutaneous method with virulent Shibaura Strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. No significant difference in regression coefficient was observed between the neutralization line with the 19S globulin fraction and that with the 7S globulin fraction, whereas a significant difference in the regression coefficient was observed when the gamma- and T-globulin fractions were compared; the regression coefficient with T-globulin was consistently larger than that with gamma-globulin.

Animals↗