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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The morphometric study of the sacrospinal and sacrotuberal ligaments correlated with the morphometry of the pelvis.

Perineal neuralgias may be considered as nerve entrapment syndromes, which have been anatomically poorly studied. The pudendal nerve could be compressed between the sacrospinal and the sacrotuberal ligaments. This study tries to find a correlation between the pelvis and the lumbosacral junction morphometry, and sacrospinal and sacrotuberal ligaments morphometry. We did an anatomical study of eight anatomic specimens, and we performed the measures by using the computed tomography scanner. No correlations were found.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1997

Congenital synchondroses in the ischial bones.

In this paper, a 39-year-old woman is presented with congenital, symmetrically bilateral synchondroses in the bodies of the ischial bones, which presumably occurred due to extension of two separate primary ossification centers which failed to fuse, instead of a usual single primary ossification center. To the best of the author's knowledge, such an anomaly has not been reported previously in the ischial bones. The apparent clinical significance of these synchondroses was development of degenerative changes about them, which was associated with moderate hip pain in the absence of degenerative hip-joint disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic determination of fetal sex from twelve weeks of gestation.

Fetal sex was sonographically determined in 1879 pregnant women between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation by obtaining transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections of the fetal lower pelvic region. The success rates of producing echoimages that were sufficient to determine fetal sex were 97.1% for both sexes (7783 correct diagnoses out of 8010 sonograms), 97.1% for males (3986/4103), and 97.1% for females (3797/3907). Postnatal confirmation of the sex of 1886 newborn infants delivered of 1879 pregnant women revealed that the rate of correct diagnosis before delivery was 99.9% (1885/1886)-100% for males (957/957) and 99.8% for females (928/929). The method of ultrasonic examination of the fetal sex reported here appears to be feasible in obstetric practice with consistent reproducibility and a high incidence of correct determinations at 12 weeks of gestation and thereafter.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1980

"Skin and bone": the use of muscle flaps to cover exposed bone.

In place of the multi-staged skin flap procedures often required to cover exposed bone in the lower leg, muscle flaps offer a bonus in that the repair can be completed in one operation and at the same time the blood supply to the unhealthy area is vastly improved. Elsewhere muscle flaps bestow the same advantages and in addition provide a cushioning layer between prominent bone and the skin in the repair of decubitus ulcers. As an extension of the muscle flap technique, myocutaneous flaps have proved a useful adjunct to conventional skin flaps in the repair of many complicated trunk and lower limb defects.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

An objective study of the dimensions of the ischial pressure point and its correlation to the occurrence of a pressure sore.

A simple non-invasive technique has been used to study the dimensions of the ischial pressure point in normal and paraplegic individuals. The same technique charts the surface area of the gluteal impression. The data obtained in these two groups of patients (normal and paraplegic) have been analysed to see if it is possible to predict the greater susceptibility of certain individuals to suffer from pressure sores over the ischial tuberosity.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of ischial pressure sores with an inferior gluteus maximus musculocutaneous island flap: an analysis of 31 flaps.

We describe our experience with the use of an island gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap (from its most inferior part) based on perforators from the inferior gluteal artery. The study is based on a series of 27 patients in whom treatment was carried out for 31 ischial pressure sores. Eight patients had postoperative complications in the form of dehiscence of the donor flap site and/or infection. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 32 months. During this period three patients developed recurrent sores which were treated with other flaps. We feel strongly that the use of this flap should be considered as a first choice in the treatment of the mild to moderate size ischial pressure sore. Its advantages include ease in elevation of the flap and the provision of a vascularized bulky flap which also spares the vascular pedicles of adjacent flaps for future use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Stress distribution in a physical buttock model: effect of simulated bone geometry.

Mechanical stresses developed in the tissue during sitting or reclining could cause bedsores in paralyzed individuals. Cushions are usually prescribed to redistribute the stresses. Two two-dimensional physical models of the buttock were developed and used to study whether the stress distribution is different with round- and flat-base bone core geometries and to find out whether the relative cushion responses are dependent on loading direction and bone core geometries. In these models, PVC gel simulated the soft tissue and a wooden core simulated the bony prominence. One model had a round-base core and the other had a flat-base bone core. A grid etched on the model allowed strain measurements, and stress calculations. The sharp-base bone core model generated large regions of high shear stress during vertical and inclined loading. However, the round-base core produced maximum compressive stress during vertical loading. The relative cushion responses were dependent on bone core geometry and loading direction.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanical and textural properties of pelvic trabecular bone.

So far, virtually nothing is known about the mechanical properties of pelvic trabecular bone. In this study, several techniques have been used to establish some insight in these properties. Dual-energy quantitative computer tomography (DEQCT) was used to look at the distribution of bone densities throughout the pelvic bone and nondestructive mechanical testing was used to obtain Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios in three orthogonal directions for cubic specimens of pelvic trabecular bone. The same specimens were then used for stereological measurements to obtain volume fractions and the spatial orientations of the mean intercept lengths. The combined data on the mechanical tests and the stereological measurements made it possible to calculate Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios for the specimens' principal material axes. DEQCT showed that bone densities within a pelvic bone are significantly higher in the superior part of the acetabulum, extending to the sacroiliac joint area and, secondly, in the area of the pubic symphysis. Volume fractions found for the specimens did not exceed 20%. This may be considered rather low when compared to values reported in the literature for trabecular bone of femoral or tibial origin, but the values do lie in the same range as vertebral trabecular bone. With the volume fraction as its primary predictor, values of Young's moduli were also low. For most specimens these values were not higher than 100 MPa, with an occasional peak of 250 MPa. Looking at the ratio of the highest and lowest Young's modulus or at the components of the fabric tensor, it can be concluded that pelvic trabecular bone is not highly anisotropic. On an average, Poisson's ratio was found to be closer to 0.2 rather than 0.3, which is in accordance with other studies on Poisson's ratio of trabecular bone.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

Load transfer across the pelvic bone.

Earlier experimental and finite element studies notwithstanding, the load transfer and stress distribution in the pelvic bone and the acetabulum in normal conditions are not well understood. This hampers the development of orthopaedic reconstruction methods. The present study deals with more precise finite element analyses of the pelvic bone, which are used to investigate its basic load transfer and stress distributions under physiological loading conditions. The analyses show that the major part of the load is transferred through the cortical shell. Although the magnitude of the hip joint force varies considerably, its direction during normal walking remains pointed into the anterior/superior quadrant of the acetabulum. Combined with the fact that the principal areas of support for the pelvic bone are the sacro-iliac joint and the pubic symphysis, this caused the primary areas of load transfer to be found in the superior acetabular rim, the incisura ischiadaca region and, to a lesser extent, the pubic bone. Due to the 'sandwich' behavior of the pelvic bone, stresses in the cortical shell are about 50 times higher than in the underlying trabecular bone (15 to 20 MPa vs 0.3-0.4 MPa at one-legged stance). Highest intraarticular pressures are found to occur during one-legged stance and measured about 9 MPa. During the swing phase, these pressures decrease less than linearly with the magnitude of the hip joint force. Muscle forces have a stabilizing effect on the pelvic load transfer. Analysis without muscle forces show that at some locations stresses are actually higher than when muscle forces are included.

Acetabulum↗