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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Adiposity and body mass indices in children: Benn's index and other weight for height indices as measures of relative adiposity.

OBJECTIVES: Several forms of weight for height or body mass index (BMI) are in widespread epidemiological and clinical use as measures of relative adiposity. The form derived by Benn for adults has been advocated for use in children and practical aspects of this proposition are considered. METHODS: Height and weight data from 8492 Australian schoolchildren aged 7 to 15 were studied. A subsample of 2753 children aged 9, 12 and 15 years had skinfold thicknesses measured. The sum of four skinfolds and percentage body fat predicted from skinfolds were used as measures of adiposity. RESULTS: Of the various forms of power type BMI examined, weight/(height)2 was most closely associated with adiposity in this sample. Benn's assumption of low correlation between height and adiposity (which holds in adults) was not satisfied in children. CONCLUSIONS: Benn's index is not recommended for general use as a body mass index in children. However, Benn's relative weight has advantages as an indirect measure of adiposity which may be of value in epidemiological studies among children.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

[Assessment of indications for admission to a nursing home: evaluation of the questionnaire indication Alkmaar].

This article aims at testing an assessment schedule which is generally applied in order to determine the necessity and urgency of admission into a home for the aged. The central question concerns the extent to which this schedule contributes to (1) objectivity, implying that applicants with similar 'needs' will have an equal opportunity of being admitted to the requested provision, and (2) efficiency, meaning that a clear distinction in the urgency of admission is being made according to the seriousness of 'needs'. The research therefore concentrates on two topics. First, the homogeneity and statistical reliability of the assessment schedule, i.e. the questionnaire which is used for measuring the need for (institutional) care. Second, the statistical association between the measured need and the urgency of admission into a home for the aged. The research rests upon data on 164 older adults who have requested for admission; this data were obtained by a local agency responsible for need-assessment in relation to institutional care. The findings are as follows: (1) the homogeneity of the instrument can be improved, (2) the reliability is fairly good, (3) the association between 'need' and 'urgency of admission' is not very strong, notwithstanding the fact that (4) persons with lower scores on ADL- and IADL-capacities, with more psycho-social problems and with stronger feelings of anxiety have significantly better opportunities of being admitted to a residential facility. It is concluded that the association between 'need' and 'urgency of admission' might be improved by refining the assessment schedule and standardizing its application.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

[The heart rate variability indices and the circadian rhythm of the hourly heart rate: 2 prognostic indicators of mortality and malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a myocardial infarct].

The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian variability of heart rate in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in identifying patients at high risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) and sudden death within 1 year of the acute event. The investigation was carried out in 43 patients, who underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring within 3 months of AMI. Besides the time domain indexes of heart rate variability (SDNN, SDNN index, pNN50, rMSSD), the circadian rhythm of hourly total beats (HTB) and hourly qualified beats (HQB) has been analyzed by the Cosinor method. The AMI patients with MVA and those with MVA who died within 1 year the acute event showed SDNN, SDNN index and pNN50 values lower than subjects without MVA and survived patients with MVA, respectively; the individuals with AMI at high risk for MVA and for sudden death had an SDNN value < 105 ms and 50 ms, respectively. The circadian rhythm of HTB and HQB was statistically validated only in the group without MVA; patients without the circadian rhythm of HTB and HQB showed a higher mortality rate within 1 year of AMI, and the majority was in the group with MVA. The contemporary evidence of an SDNN value < 105 ms and the lack of HTB and HQB circadian rhythm increased sensitivity for identifying patients with MVA to 75%. On the other hand, the contemporary evidence of an SDNN value < 50 ms and the lack of HTB and HQB circadian rhythm increased sensitivity for identifying patients who died within 1 year of AMI to 100%. In conclusion, the assayed methods seem to be both useful and complementary in identifying patients at high risk for MVA and sudden death within 1 year of AMI.

Aged↗